虚平面映射:深度图像内部视点的绘制技术

首先推导与归纳了图像三维变换中像素深度场的变换规律,同时提出了基于深度场和极线原则的像素可见性别方法,根据上述理论和方法,提出一种基于深度图像的建模与绘制(image-based modeling and rendering,简称IBMR)技术,称为虚平面映射.该技术可以基于图像空间内任意视点对场景进行绘制.绘制时,先在场景中根据视线建立若干虚拟平面,将源深度图像中的像素转换到虚平面上,然后通过对虚平面上像素的中间变换,将虚平面转换成平面纹理,再利用虚平面的相互拼接,将视点的成像以平面纹理映射的方式完成.新方法还能在深度图像内侧,基于当前视点快速获得该视点的全景图,从而实现视点的实时漫游.新方法视点运动空间大、存储需求小,且可以发挥图形硬件的纹理映射功能,并能表现物体表面的三维凹凸细节和成像视差效果,克服了此前类似算法的局限和不足.     

一种基于深度和颜色的3D表面重建方法

为了快速、有效地对三维物体的表面进行重建，提出了一种基于深度和颜色的3D表面重建方法。该方法利用同一物体在空间稀疏分布的不同视点下的多幅深度图像，根据3D物体表面同一点在不同深度图像上颜色和纹理的一致性，通过逆投影变换，可将图像中像素点映射到三维空间中的正确位置。然后在以物体为中心的单个坐标系下，进行数据融合，可得到三维物体表面各点的三维数据。实验结果表明该方法具有复杂度恒定、获取图像真实感强等优点，适用于形状、结构草杂的物体重建。     

基于深度引导空洞填补的虚拟视点绘制方法

针对单视点绘制虚拟视点图像存在的空洞问题,提出一种基于深度引导空洞修复的虚拟视点绘制方法。核心思想是通过对多个映射像素点的深度信息和空间位置信息进行加权插值操作来实现细小的空洞填充,并且分区域对大型空洞填补。在像素点插值的过程中,该方法首先考虑映射像素点的可靠性,剔除不可靠的像素点,从而减少错误的映射像素点。在填补大型空洞中,继承基于样本图像修复算法的优点,并引入深度信息来辅助空洞填补,以较为准确的方式来修复图像。实验结果表明,无论是主观视觉效果,还是客观值都要比Criminisi算法要好。     

一种面向视点绘制的深度图像后处理方法

基于深度图像的绘制是三维视频系统中的一项关键技术。然而,深度编码失真会对后续虚拟视点绘制的性能产生极大的影响。提出了一种面向虚拟视点绘制的深度图像后处理方法,利用基于置信区间的交点规则确定深度图像中每个像素点的滤波窗口,利用最小均方逼近多项式技术估计每个像素点的深度值,再利用加权模式滤波器对估计的深度图像进行滤波处理,得到深度滤波图像。实验结果表明,该方法能够精确地恢复出真实深度信息,提高虚拟视点图像的绘制性能。     

基于特征点检测的最佳视点选择方法

针对三维模型视点选择问题,提出了基于特征点检测的最佳视点选择方法。算法首先根据三维网格模型的顶点邻接区域信息计算顶点的局部高度,即顶点的显著度大小;然后基于顶点的局部高度值大小,结合非极大值抑制算法进行三维模型表面特征点检测;最后针对视点球体上的每个候选视点分析该视点下可见特征点的几何分布信息,计算视点质量,从而筛选出最佳视点。实验结果验证了基于特征点检测的三维模型视点选择方法的合理性和优越性,所选择的最佳视点能够提供三维模型较多的几何结构和视觉特征信息。     

基于特征点检测的三维模型最佳视点选择

针对三维模型最佳视点选择问题,提出了一种基表面特征点检测的视点选择算法。首先引入一种基于局部平均形心距离差的顶点显著性度量方法,认为三维网格模型表面某顶点的显著性是由该顶点与形心之间距离和该顶点邻域内的顶点与形心之间距离的平均差值来刻画,而不是该点所在位置的弯曲程度所决定;然后根据顶点的显著性大小进行三维模型表面特征点检测;最后针对视点球体上的每个候选视点分析该视点下可见特征点的几何分布和显著度大小计算视点质量,提取出最佳视点。实验结果验证了基于三维模型特征点的视点选择方法的有效性,在能够选择出质量较优的视点的同时保证算法的效率。     

三维模型表面特征的水墨效果渲染算法

提出一种对三维模型实现水墨效果渲染的两步二维纹理映射方法.该方法首先通过模型顶点的视线向量和法线向量的点乘积计算其夹角的余弦值,作为第一步的纹理坐标进行映射;再通过欧拉公式计算径向曲率及其方向导数值,作为第二步映射的纹理坐标.为达到实时的交互浏览,在第二步映射时还可采用基于视点无关的曲率特征的映射策略(如平均曲率、高斯曲率、主曲率等).在快速生成水墨画效果的同时也显示出更多的特征细节.     

基于三维模型和深度灰度约束加权的人脸姿态跟踪

提出种基于人脸三维模型和深度灰度约束加权对单目视频图像序列中的人脸空间姿态进行跟踪的方法．首先用仿射变换的方法得到初始帧的人脸姿态参数并作为姿态跟踪的起点；然后用三维几何信息对线性灰度和深度约束方程加权得到更精确的帧间运动参数，为了消除光照变化和遮蔽的影响，在跟踪过程中逐帧自动进行特征点更新．对模特头像和真实人脸的实验结果表明：该方法能实现精确而可靠的姿态跟踪，特别对深度方向变化较大的运动，效果更为明显．     

基于分层图像融合的虚拟视点绘制算法

针对虚拟视点绘制过程中出现的重叠和空洞问题,提出一种新的虚拟视点绘制算法。通过形态学操作对三维图像变换后出现的空洞进行膨胀来消除伪影瑕疵,根据深度信息对左、右虚拟视点图像进行前景和背景分割,利用线性加权法对分割后的前景图像和背景图像进行分层融合解决像素重叠问题,对分层融合后的背景图像进行空洞填充并与前景图像融合得到虚拟视点图像。实验结果表明,与经典的Criminisi算法相比,该算法PSNR值提高了1.75 dB,具有较高的绘图质量。     

基于区域特征距离加权的三维地形建模方法

为了提高三维虚拟场景中三维地形真实感效果,提出了基于区域特征的距离加权的三维地形建模方法。首先,根据采样点数据的高程值对采样点数据进行分类,建立分类数据与插值点数量映射关系;然后,结合Diamond-square细分法求取插值点坐标数据,求得距离加权因子;最后,通过判断插值点的区域特征建立距离加权计算方程,以保证插值点间的平滑性和连贯性。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与传统地形建模方法相比,该方法能够提高三维地形的真实感,同时地形绘制速度提高20%。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate