动态分级中心引力约束优化算法及工程应用

结合非固定多段罚函数处理约束条件,提出一种动态分级中心引力优化算法用于求解约束优化问题。该算法利用佳点集初始化个体以保证种群的多样性。在每次迭代过程中将种群分为两个子种群,分别用于全局搜索和局部搜索,根据搜索阶段动态调整子种群个体数目。对几个标准的测试问题和工程优化问题进行数值实验,结果表明该算法能处理不同的约束优化问题。     

一种求解约束优化问题的混合算法

提出一种基于修改增广Lagrange函数和PSO的混合算法用于求解约束优化问题。将约束优化问题转化为界约束优化问题,混合算法由两层迭代结构组成,在内层迭代中,利用改进PSO算法求解界约束优化问题得到下一个迭代点。外层迭代主要修正Lagrange乘子和罚参数,检查收敛准则是否满足,重构下次迭代的界约束优化子问题,检查收敛准则是否满足。数值实验结果表明该混合算法的有效性。     

结合增广Lagrange罚函数的约束优化差分进化算法

利用增广Lagrange罚函数处理问题的约束条件,提出了一种新的约束优化差分进化算法。基于增广Lagrange惩罚函数,将原约束优化问题转换为界约束优化问题。在进化过程中,根据个体的适应度值将种群分为精英种群和普通种群,分别采用不同的变异策略,以平衡算法的全局和局部搜索能力。用10个经典Benchmark问题进行了测试,实验结果表明,该算法能有效地处理不同的约束优化问题。     

基于不可行度和内分泌原理的多目标粒子群方法

针对有约束条件的多目标优化问题,提出了一种求解带约束的基于内分泌思想的多目标粒子群算法。利用不可行度方法和约束主导原理指导进化过程中精英种群的选择操作和约束条件的处理,根据生物体激素调节机制中促激素和释放激素间的相互作用原理,考虑当前非劣解集中的个体对其最邻近的一类群体的监督控制,引入当前粒子的类全局最优位置来反映其所属类中最好位置粒子对当前粒子的影响。为验证多目标约束优化算法的有效性,对两个典型的多目标优化问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明该算法能较大概率地获得多目标约束优化问题的可行Pareto最优解。     

具有学习机制的正弦余弦算法

针对标准正余弦算法在求解函数优化问题时易陷入局部最优、收敛精度较差等问题,提出了一种具有学习机制的正弦余弦算法。该算法引入精英反向学习策略构造精英及反向群体,对其混合群体进行择优保留,从而优化了种群中的个体位置、提高了算法的寻优精度;同时,利用个体的反思学习能力防止个体盲目地向当前最优解学习,使算法停滞在局部最优,从而有效地避免了算法的未成熟收敛。在13个标准测试函数进行仿真实验,实验结果证明,该算法相比于对比算法具有较强的鲁棒性和函数优化能力。     

基于梯度投影法与随机优化算法的约束优化方法

针对带有线性等式和不等式约束的无确定函数形式的约束优化问题,提出一种利用梯度投影法与遗传算法、同时扰动随机逼近等随机算法相结合的优化方法。该方法利用遗传算法进行全局搜索,利用同时扰动随机逼近算法进行局部搜索,算法在每次进化时根据线性约束计算父个体处的梯度投影方向,以产生新个体,从而能够严格保证新个体满足全部约束条件。将上述约束优化算法应用于典型约束优化问题,其仿真结果表明了所提出算法的可行性和收敛性。     

应用精英反向学习的混合烟花爆炸优化算法

针对烟花爆炸优化(FEO)算法容易早熟、解精度低的弱点,提出了一种精英反向学习(OBL)的解空间搜索策略。在每次迭代过程中均对当前最佳个体执行反向学习,生成其动态搜索边界内的反向搜索种群,引导算法向包含全局最优的解空间逼近,以提高算法的平衡和探索能力。为了保持种群的多样性,计算种群内个体对当前最佳个体的突跳概率,并依据此概率值采用轮盘赌机制选择进入子种群的个体。通过在5组标准测试函数的实验仿真并与相关的算法对比,结果表明所提出的改进算法对数值优化具有更高的收敛速度和收敛精度,适合求解高维的数值优化问题。     

混合策略改进的哈里斯鹰优化算法及其应用

针对哈里斯鹰优化算法收敛精度低、易陷入局部最优空间等局限性,提出一种混合策略改进的哈里斯鹰优化算法。采用精英混沌反向学习策略初始化种群,增加初始种群多样性和精英个体数量,提高算法收敛性能;利用引入动态自适应权重的逃逸能量非线性递减策略替代哈里斯鹰算法的线性递减机制,提高算法全局探索和局部开发行为的平衡能力;采用拉普拉斯交叉算子策略生成适应度更高的新个体,提高算法抗停滞能力。对10个测试函数进行求解,结果表明改进算法收敛精度、寻优性能及鲁棒性明显高于对比算法。通过对比改进前后算法初始化与迭代后种群分布的均匀性和收敛能力,验证了改进策略的有效性。利用改进算法优化长短时记忆网络参数,并应用于瓦斯涌出量预测,实验结果进一步验证改进算法的优越性和适用性。     

融合头脑风暴思想的教与学优化算法

针对教与学优化（TLBO）算法在求解高维问题时表现出的收敛速度慢、解精度低、易陷入于局部最优的问题,提出了一种融合头脑风暴思想的改进教与学优化算法（ITLBOBSO）。在该算法中设计了一种新的“学”算子,并以其替换TLBO算法中的“学”。该算法在种群的迭代过程中,当前个体首先执行“教”算子。随后,在种群中随机选择两个个体,令其中优秀的个体与当前个体执行头脑风暴式学习,提升当前个体的状态。为了赋予算法早期良好的探索能力和后期对新解的开发能力,在该算子的公式中引入柯西变异和一个与迭代次数关联的随机参数。进行的一系列的仿真实验表明,与TLBO算法相比,所提算法在11个Benchmark函数上的解精度、鲁棒性和收敛速度都有大幅度提升。在2个约束工程优化问题上,ITLBOBSO所求得的耗费成本比TLBO算法降低了4个百分点。由此验证了所提出的机制对克服TLBO弱点的有效性,所提算法适合用来求解较高维度的连续优化问题。     

多策略融合的改进萤火虫算法

针对传统萤火虫算法（FA）中存在的易陷入局部最优及收敛速度慢等问题,把莱维飞行和精英参与的交叉算子及精英反向学习机制融入到萤火虫优化算法中,提出了一种多策略融合的改进萤火虫算法——LEEFA。首先,在传统萤火虫算法的基础上引入莱维飞行,从而提升算法的全局搜索能力;其次,提出精英参与的交叉算子以提升算法的收敛速度和精度,并增强算法迭代过程中解的多样性和质量;最后,结合精英反向学习机制进行最优解的搜索,从而提高FA跳出局部最优的能力和收敛性能,并实现对于解搜索空间的迅速勘探。为验证所提出的算法的有效性,在基准测试函数上进行了仿真实验,结果表明相较于粒子群优化（PSO）算法、传统FA、莱维飞行萤火虫算法（LFFA）、基于莱维飞行和变异算子的萤火虫算法（LMFA）和自适应对数螺旋-莱维飞行萤火虫优化算法（ADIFA）等算法,所提算法在收敛速度和精度上均表现得更为优异。     

Web前端性能优化方案与实践

针对Web前端性能低下的问题,通过分析归纳Web中从后端到前端的B/S架构原理、浏览器缓存、浏览器的加载方式、服务器关于HTTP相关的配置等过程中一些影响前端性能优化的因素,系统地提出一个旨在提高网页加载速度、呈现速度和用户体验,整体性、通用性强的完整Web前端性能优化解决方案。该解决方案包括服务器端优化、HTML优化、Java Script优化、CSS优化、图片优化等内容。并在HTTP代理工具Fiddler搭建的512 KB慢网速下通过Speed Tracer监测UI Thread,寻找基于HTML5技术的Web移动电子商务项目"指尖点餐系统"的点餐页面前端性能中的瓶颈,根据所提出的Web前端性能优化解决方案对其进行优化实践。优化前后的Timeline以及UI Thread对比分析表明,优化后加载时间降低了82%,页面渲染降低了32%,脚本执行减少了79%。     

Seeker optimisation (human group optimisation) algorithm with chaos

Seeker optimisation algorithm (SOA), also referred to as human group metaheuristic optimisation algorithms form a very hot area of research, is an emerging population-based and gradient-free optimisation tool. It is inspired by searching behaviour of human beings in finding an optimal solution. The principal shortcoming of SOA is that it is easily trapped in local optima and consequently fails to achieve near-global solutions in complex optimisation problems. In an attempt to relieve this problem, in this article, chaos-based strategies are embedded into SOA. Five various chaotic-based SOA strategies with four different chaotic map functions are examined and the best strategy is chosen as the suitable chaotic scheme for SOA. The results of applying the proposed chaotic SOA to miscellaneous benchmark functions confirm that it provides accurate solutions. It surpasses basic SOA, genetic algorithm, gravitational search algorithm variant, cuckoo search optimisation algorithm, firefly swarm optimisation and harmony search the proposed chaos-based SOA is expected successfully solve complex engineering optimisation problems.     

The multi-disciplinary design of a large-scale civil aircraft wing taking account of manufacturing costs

This paper presents results from a major research programme funded by the European Union and involving 14 partners from across the Union. It shows how a complex tool set was assembled which was able to optimise a large civil airliner wing for weight, drag and cost. A multi-level MDO process was constructed and implemented through a hierarchical system in which cost comprised the top level. Conventional structural sizing parameters were employed to optimise structural weight but the upper-level optimisation used 6 overall design variables representing major design parameters. The paper concludes by presenting results from a case study which included all the components of the total design system.     

Dynamic Ant Colony Optimisation

Ant Colony optimisation has proved suitable to solve static optimisation problems, that is problems that do not change with time. However in the real world changing circumstances may mean that a previously optimum solution becomes suboptimal. This paper explores the ability of the ant colony optimisation algorithm to adapt from the optimum solution for one set of circumstances to the optimal solution for another set of circumstances. Results are given for a preliminary investigation based on the classical travelling salesman problem. It is concluded that, for this problem at least, the time taken for the solution adaption process is far shorter than the time taken to find the second optimum solution if the whole process is started over from scratch.     

Enhanced leader PSO (ELPSO): A new PSO variant for solving global optimisation problems

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a well-established optimisation algorithm inspired from flocking behaviour of birds. The big problem in PSO is that it suffers from premature convergence, that is, in complex optimisation problems, it may easily get trapped in local optima. In this paper, a new PSO variant, named as enhanced leader PSO (ELPSO), is proposed for mitigating premature convergence problem. ELPSO is mainly based on a five-staged successive mutation strategy which is applied to swarm leader at each iteration. The experimental results confirm that in all terms of accuracy, scalability and convergence rate, ELPSO performs well.     

A genetic algorithm for combined topology and shape optimisations

A method to find optimal topology and shape of structures is presented. With the first the optimal distribution of an assigned mass is found using an approach based on homogenisation theory, that seeks in which elements of a meshed domain it is present mass; with the second the discontinuous boundaries are smoothed. The problem of the optimal topology search has an ON/OFF nature and has suggested the employment of genetic algorithms. Thus in this paper a genetic algorithm has been developed, which uses as design variables, in the topology optimisation, the relative densities (with respect to effective material density) 0 or 1 of each element of the structure and, in the shape one, the coordinates of the keypoints of changeable boundaries constituted by curves. In both the steps the aim is that to find the variable sets producing the maximum stiffness of the structure, respecting an upper limit on the employed mass. The structural evaluations are carried out with a FEM commercial code, linked to the algorithm. Some applications have been performed and results compared with solutions reported in literature.     

A new effective operator for the hybrid algorithm for solving global optimisation problems

Hybrid algorithms have been recently used to solve complex single-objective optimisation problems. The ultimate goal is to find an optimised global solution by using these algorithms. Based on the existing algorithms (HP_CRO, PSO, RCCRO), this study proposes a new hybrid algorithm called MPC (Mean-PSO-CRO), which utilises a new Mean-Search Operator. By employing this new operator, the proposed algorithm improves the search ability on areas of the solution space that the other operators of previous algorithms do not explore. Specifically, the Mean-Search Operator helps find the better solutions in comparison with other algorithms. Moreover, the authors have proposed two parameters for balancing local and global search and between various types of local search, as well. In addition, three versions of this operator, which use different constraints, are introduced. The experimental results on 23 benchmark functions, which are used in previous works, show that our framework can find better optimal or close-to-optimal solutions with faster convergence speed for most of the benchmark functions, especially the high-dimensional functions. Thus, the proposed algorithm is more effective in solving single-objective optimisation problems than the other existing algorithms.     

一种解决复合形局部最优及加速计算的方法

对求解非线性约束优化问题的复合形法陷入局部最优的问题进行探讨,给出了一种改进的方法.改进后的方法不仅可以有效地寻找全局最优解,而且计算速度较传统复合形算法快.     

Finding the maximal membership in a fuzzy set of an element from another fuzzy set

The problem of finding the maximal membership grade in a fuzzy set of an element from another fuzzy set is an important class of optimisation problems manifested in the real world by situations in which we try to find what is the optimal financial satisfaction we can get from a socially responsible investment. Here, we provide a solution to this problem. We then look at the proposed solution for fuzzy sets with various types of membership grades, ordinal, interval value and intuitionistic.     

Hindrances for robust multi-objective test problems

Despite the significant number of benchmark problems for evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithms, there are few in the field of robust multi-objective optimisation. This paper investigates the characteristics of the existing robust multi-objective test problems and identifies the current gaps in the literature. It is observed that the majority of the current test problems suffer from simplicity, so five hindrances are introduced to resolve this issue: bias towards non-robust regions, deceptive global non-robust fronts, multiple non-robust fronts (multi-modal search space), non-improving (flat) search spaces, and different shapes for both robust and non-robust Pareto optimal fronts. A set of 12 test functions are proposed by the combination of hindrances as challenging test beds for robust multi-objective algorithms. The paper also considers the comparison of five robust multi-objective algorithms on the proposed test problems. The results show that the proposed test functions are able to provide very challenging test beds for effectively comparing robust multi-objective optimisation algorithms. Note that the source codes of the proposed test functions are publicly available at www.alimirjalili.com/RO.html.