背景估计与运动目标检测跟踪

基于视频的自动目标检测和跟踪是计算机视觉中一个重要的研究领域,特别是基于视频的智能车辆监控系统中的运动车辆的检测和跟踪。提出一种自适应的背景估计方法来实时获得当前背景图像,从而分割出运动物体。为了准确地定位运动车辆的区域,采用差分图像投影和边缘投影相结合的方法来定位车体,同时利用双向加权联合图匹配方法对运动车辆区域进行跟踪,即将对运动车辆区域跟踪问题转化为搜索具有最大权的联合图的问题。该算法不仅能实时地定位和跟踪直道上运动的车辆,同时也能实时地定位和跟踪弯道上运动的车辆,从实验结果看,提出的背景更新算法简单,并且运动车辆区域的定位具有很好的鲁棒性,从统计的检测率和运行时间来看,该算法具有很好的检测效果,同时也能满足基于视频的智能交通监控系统的需要。     

基于光流法的卫星视频交通流参数提取研究

抽样分辨率达1米的高清卫星视频已经能够实现对地面较小的运动目标的实时监控。针对卫星视频中运动车辆目标仅显示为一个或几个像素点的特点,提出了一种基于光流法的卫星视频交通流参数提取的思路与方法。该方法利用卫星视频中车辆目标为像素点的特点,结合Shi-Tomasi角点检测方法实现车辆检测及车辆计数;在车辆检测的基础上利用光流法得到的连续视频帧中角点的位置信息进行双向车辆平均车速的计算,并对实验结果进行了对比分析。该文是基于卫星视频中小微运动车辆目标进行交通流参数提取的一次有益尝试。     

基于视觉注意机制的目标跟踪方法

提出一种基于视觉注意机制的运动目标跟踪方法。该方法借鉴人类的视觉注意机制的研究成果,建立视觉注意机制的计算模型,计算视频中各部分内容的视觉显著性。结合视觉显著性计算结果,提取视频图像中的显著性目标。利用颜色分布模型作为目标的特征表示模型,与视频中各显著目标进行特征匹配,实现目标的跟踪。在多个视频序列中进行实验,并给出相应的实验结果及分析。实验结果表明,提出的目标检测与跟踪算法是正确有效的。     

视频中运动目标的实时检测和跟踪

基于视频的自动目标检测和跟踪是计算机视觉中一个重要的研究领域，特别是基于视频的智能车辆监控系统中的运动车辆的检测和跟踪。提出了一种自适应的背景相减法来分割运动物体，为了准确地定位运动车辆的区域，采用差分图像投影和边缘投影相结合的方法来定位车体，同时利用双向加权联合图匹配方法对运动车辆区域进行跟踪，即将对运动车辆区域跟踪问题转化为搜索具有最大权的联合图的问题。该算法不仅能实时地定位和跟踪直道上运动的车辆，同时也能实时地定位和跟踪弯道上运动的车辆，从实验结果看，提出的背景更新算法简单，并且运动车辆区域的定位具有很好的鲁棒性，从统计的检测率和运行时间来看，该算法具有很好的检测效果，同时也能满足基于视频的智能交通监控系统的需要。     

改进型粒子滤波与稀疏表达的自适应图像跟踪算法

针对各种复杂场景下视频序列目标跟踪算法对目标外形、部分遮挡、灰度等参数敏感的问题,提出基于改进型粒子滤波与稀疏表达的自适应图像跟踪算法。通过建立过完备基,建立样本集合以及提取特征集合得到过完备集合。使用正交匹配跟踪算法求取稀疏系数,提出稀疏度计算公式用以计算各区域的匹配值,使用各匹配值求取目标位置。实验结果显示,算法能够稳健、高效地跟踪运动目标,相对各种运动跟踪算法,算法运行速度快,鲁棒性高,能够完成多种复杂环境下的跟踪任务。     

基于稀疏帧检测的交通目标跟踪

为了获取高速公路交通视频中目标车辆的行驶轨迹,提出一种基于视频的多目标车辆跟踪及实时轨迹分布算法,为交通管理系统和交通决策提供目标车辆交通信息.首先,使用YOLOv4算法检测目标车辆位置及置信度.其次,在不同场景条件下,使用提出的基于稀疏帧检测的跟踪方法,结合KCF跟踪算法,将车辆数据进行关联获取完整轨迹.最后,用车辆分布图和交通场景俯视图显示轨迹,便于交通管理与分析.实验结果表明,提出的跟踪方法在车辆跟踪中有较高的跟踪正确率,同时基于稀疏帧检测的跟踪方法处理速度也较快,实时轨迹分布正确反映了真实场景的车道信息以及目标车辆运动信息.     

基于视觉感知的运动目标跟踪算法

针对运动目标跟踪问题, 为解决跟踪过程中因遮挡、目标尺度变化等易造成跟踪失败的现象, 提出一种基于视觉感知的跟踪算法。该算法以神经元响应为视觉特征, 首先从自然图像中学习初级视皮层细胞感受野; 然后计算背景图像和视频序列图像的神经元响应并得出差值, 与动态阈值比较, 识别出运动目标, 通过迭代实现目标跟踪。多类别实验结果表明, 该算法实现了运动目标稳定跟踪, 目标跟踪准确率达93. 5%且鲁棒性增强, 与典型算法Camshift和SIFT相比, 提高了跟踪算法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

基于时空马尔可夫随机场交通参数采集系统研究

可靠的车辆跟踪是实现交通事件自动检测的重要前提,车辆跟踪中的车辆相互遮挡则是影响车辆跟踪结果的关键因素.针对这一难题,提出了一种基于时空马尔可夫随机场(简称ST-MRF)模型的车辆跟踪算法,用以得到目标地图和运动矢量地图.在目标地图和运动矢量地图的基础上提取交通参数,然后通过摄像机标定技术,获得实时的车速以及车辆运动坐标,最后通过对交通流三参数的分析,得到实时的交通流运行特征.这可为以后的交通事件检测提供依据.     

基于视觉显著性的均值漂移跟踪算法

为解决突变运动下的目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于视觉显著性的均值漂移跟踪算法,将视觉注意机制运用到均值漂移跟踪框架中,利用时空显著性算法对视频序列进行检测,生成视觉显著图,从视觉显著图对应的显著性区域中建立目标的颜色特征表示模型来实现运动目标跟踪.实验结果表明:该算法在摄像机摇晃等动态场景下可以较准确检测出时空均显著的目标,有效克服了在运动目标发生丢失和遮挡等情况下跟踪不稳定的问题,具有较强的鲁棒性,从而实现复杂场景下目标较准确的跟踪.     

基于Mean Shift的多视频车辆跟踪研究

为了提高多视频下目标车辆跟踪的准确率,提出了一种基于Mean Shift结合视觉词袋的车辆跟踪方法。该方法采用Mean Shift提供的轮廓和颜色信息进行初匹配,并进行跟踪;针对车辆在不同视频下车辆视角、环境不同的情况,提出了尺度不变的识别方法,即利用视觉词袋特征作为车辆特征进行再次匹配。该方法能够利用高速路网中摄像机拍摄的视频确定目标车辆的具体位置。实验表明,基于Mean Shift的多视频车辆跟踪方法能够有效提高车辆跟踪的准确率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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