基于有线电视网络的可靠组播技术研究

可靠组播数据传输协议主要有基于NACK的协议、基于树的ACK协议、异步分层编码协议（ALC）以及路由辅助协议。ALC协议采用发送方分多个组播通道发送数据，通过前向纠错编码来保证数据的可靠性。基于有线电视网的可靠组播传输系统就是以ALC协议作为数据传送的基础，同时以SAP／SDP协议作为会话管理的基础，加上可靠组播传输技术来实现的。实验验证了该系统的合理性及可行性，并应用于远程教育。     

一种基于网络编码的组播路由算法

网络编码是2000年提出的一种新算法,其主要优点是使组播传输速率能达到理论上限值.介绍了传统组播路由算法的局限性,分析了现有网络编码算法的优点和不足,在某个改进的网络编码数学模型上,提出了一种静态分布式分层网络编码SDLNC算法(Static Distributed Layered Network Coding).模拟实验表明,该算法可以显著提高组播路由的数据传输速率.     

分层组播拥塞控制技术研究*

分层组播是在异构网络中传输多媒体实时数据的一个重要解决方案。拥塞控制是实现分层组播的一个重点和难点问题。分析了分层组播拥塞控制机制的目标和需解决的基本问题,探讨了目前几种较为典型的分层组播拥塞控制协议,重点分析各协议解决基本问题,实现拥塞控制目标的策略。最后指出分层组播拥塞控制研究中的焦点。     

OpTrans:一个率失真优化的MC-EZBC转换编码算法

可伸缩性视频转换编码算法是大型分层视频组播系统层次化代理自适应机制的核心技术.好的转换编码算法不仅要满足拥塞速率控制的要求,而且要使分层视频组播流中的增强层数据以率失真优化的方式进行截断,以提高接收者的接收效能.本文对可伸缩三维小波编码算法MC-EZBC视频转换编码的联合率失真目标函数和优化算法进行了深入研究,提出了率失真优化的MC-EZBC转换编码算法及其分层速率控制方法.对比实验结果表明,采用了联合率失真优化后的转换编码码率控制方法比原有的按顺序截断方法可提高平均视频质量PSNR0.3-0.5dB,进而可优化大型分层视频组播系统的整体效能.     

一种基于DVMRP的路由器辅助可靠组播的方法研究

通过对DVMRP（距离向量组播路由协议）的路由信息报告中保留位的有效利用，提出一种基于DVMRP的路由器辅助可靠组播协议（RARM）。不需引入额外流量，仅仅依靠正常的DVMRP路由交换来进行动态分层，以一种比较简洁的方式实现了RARM协议的基本思想，完成了经典可靠组播协议的全部功能。仿真模拟测试表明：该方案能有效地抑制反馈风暴，减少传输延时。     

一种具有路由器支持的单组分层组播协议

针对传统分层组播协议中成员离开的延迟所造成的慢速拥塞会聚问题,提出了一种新型的单组分层组播协议（SGLM）,使用一个组播组表达同一个会话中的所有分层,避免了成员离开的延迟问题,并节省了组地址资源。协议还考虑了计费相关的问题,同时提出了有效的TCP-friendly解决方案。最后通过仿真测试了协议和方案的有效性。     

一种基于移动预测的分层移动组播协议

组播通信有效地节约了网络资源,在无线移动网络环境中引入组播有着非常重要的意义。论文简要分析了现有移动组播协议,提出了一种新的基于移动预测的分层移动组播方案。仿真与分析表明,该协议组播树重构频率低,子网切换延迟小,可减少组播包的丢失,减少协议开销,优化组播包的传输路径。     

无线Mesh网中编码感知组播路由协议CAMR

网络编码是一种能够提高网络吞吐量的新技术,将网络编码应用于无线Mesh网组播对Mesh网络进一步实用化有重要意义.编码感知路由是一种能够充分识别和利用网络中的编码机会的路由.虽然已有若干个基于网络编码的单播路由协议,但无线网络中编码机会并没有被充分利用,到目前为止还没有无线Mesh网络中的编码感知组播路由协议.提出一个编码感知组播路由协议CAMR(coding-aware multicast routing).CAMR协议利用了一个新奇的编码感知路由度量CAM(coding-awarerouting metric),可以度量无线Mesh网络中节点的实际编码机会和编码能力的大小.基于CAM设计的CAMR协议可以充分利用无线Mesh网络中节点的编码机会,提高了无线Mesh网络组播的吞吐量.模拟实验验证了CAMR协议的优势及其有效性.     

基于层次结构的可靠组播协议的改进

目前的可靠组播协议在差错恢复延时与有效带宽利用率上相互制约,应用存在局限性.文中提出了一种改进的基于树结构的可靠组播协议,利用组播逆向路径跟踪与局部组播技术构建聚集树,然后在聚集树上实现数据报文的差错恢复.通过网络模拟验证了该协议在差错恢复延时与有效带宽利用率上能够取得较好的性能.     

基于分层结构的Ad Hoc网络应用层组播路由研究

提出了一种基于分层结构的Ad Hoc网络应用层组播路由协议HALMP,将网络划分为多个子网,利用虚拟成员节点和延迟响应机制优化子网内共享组播树,以最小生成树方式构建子网间的源-群首组播树,数据分组转发时对组成员节点分布密集的区域引入本地广播机制。仿真结果表明,这些策略的采用优化了组播树,提高了分组转发效率,协议具有较好的可扩展性。     

Block-level packet recovery with network coding for wireless reliable multicast

Reliable multicast, the lossless dissemination of data from one sender to a group of receivers, has a wide range of important applications in wireless networks. In this paper, we are interested in the reliable single-hop wireless multicast. As the wireless channel is inherently error prone, it is challenging to achieve high channel utilization in reliable wireless multicast. Most schemes proposed by now for reliable single-hop wireless multicast share the same weakness in that an entire frame will be retransmitted even if it has single error bit. To alleviate this problem, this paper presents an efficient reliable multicast scheme based on block-level ARQ and network coding technique. The new scheme breaks the data stream into blocks and retransmits only erroneous blocks (rather than the entire corrupted frame), where the novel network coding technique is further adopted to minimize the total number of block retransmissions. The theoretical analysis and simulation are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the new scheme and also some typical available schemes in terms of their bandwidth efficiency. The simulation and theoretical results indicate that new reliable wireless multicast scheme can significantly enhance the channel utilization, especially in the scenarios where bit error rate is high and the number of receivers is large.     

应用层语义可靠的自适应多播

Internet上的可靠多播具有很大的应用前景,但是同时也面临着挑战,主要是因为Internet的异构性以及IP Multicast仍不能广域内得以实现.提出了一种应用层语义可靠的自适应多播体系结构(application semantics reliable multicast,简称ASRM).ASRM不以IP Multicast为基础,而是采用一种混合IP单播和多播的方法来实现多点数据通信.ASRM采用一种简单、自然,且具有更好的伸缩性的方法来命名多播会话,并可以在转发过程中,根据变换模型、变换规则和     

Hierarchical Reliable Multicast: Performance Analysis and Optimal Placement of Proxies

This paper studies the use of multicast together with proxy nodes for reliably disseminating data from a single source to a large number of receivers. In order to achieve reliability, data must be retransmitted in case of loss either by the source or by special network nodes, called proxies. Each proxy is responsible for reliably delivering the data to a subgroup it is assigned. The multicast tree is partitioned into subgroups that form a hierarchy rooted at the source, hence the term hierarchical reliable multicast. The performance of this approach strongly depends on the topology and the loss characteristics of the underlying tree and the location of proxies. In the first part of the paper, we study the processing and bandwidth performance of such a reliable multicast dissemination given the tree and the placement of proxies. In the second part of the paper, we develop dynamic programming algorithms that give a placement of a fixed number of proxies on an arbitrary tree that minimizes the bandwidth used for reliable transfer. The first algorithm provides an optimal solution to the multicast proxies location problem in polynomial time, in the number of nodes and proxies. The second is an approximation algorithm that gives a solution with cost within a chosen precision from the optimal, in an improved running time. An optimal and an approximate solution are also provided for the proxies location problem if unicast is used for transmissions. Applications of this dynamic programming approach to related problems are discussed.     

移动Ad Hoc网络中基于NACK的可靠多播协议

如何采用有效的机制来保证多播数据的可靠传输是移动Ad Hoc网络中的一个难题.针对IEEE 802.11 MAC层进行改进,提出了一种基于使用NACK消息的可靠多播协议,该协议仅当数据分组传输出错时才发送NACK消息要求重传数据.仿真结果表明使用该协议能提高多播路由传输数据的吞吐量,同时降低了平均时延.     

Hierarchical agent-based secure and reliable multicast in wireless mesh networks

We propose and analyze a hierarchical agent-based secure and reliable multicast (HASRM) algorithm for efficiently supporting secure and reliable mobile multicast in wireless mesh networks, with design considerations given to minimize the overall network cost incurred by reliable multicast packet delivery, mobility management, security key management, and group membership maintenance. HASRM dynamically maintains a group of multicast agents running on mesh routers for integrated mobility and multicast service management and leverages a hierarchical multicast structure for secure and reliable multicast data delivery. The regional service size of each multicast agent is a key design parameter. We show via model-based performance analysis and simulation validation that there exists an optimal regional service size that minimizes the overall communication cost and the optimal regional service size can be dynamically determined. We demonstrate that HASRM under optimal settings significantly outperforms traditional algorithms based on shortest-path multicast trees extended with user mobility, security, and reliability support. We also show that a variant of HASRM is superior to a recently proposed multicast algorithm for secure group communication in wireless mesh networks.     

异质环境中可靠组播的代理结构

文章提出了一种适于异质网络环境的可靠组播代理结构。这种代理结构将网络环境相异的可靠组播会话分解成若干个网络环境相似的子会话,从而缓解了异质网络环境的异构问题。不仅如此,通过在可靠组播代理中引入应用程序的语义,实现了语义可靠性,即应用程序能够根据语义控制它所需要的数据可靠性。     

A multirate MAC protocol for reliable multicast in multihop wireless networks

Many multicast applications, such as audio/video streaming, file sharing or emergency reporting, are becoming quite common in wireless mobile environment, through the widespread deployment of 802.11-based wireless networks. However, despite the growing interest in the above applications, the current IEEE 802.11 standard does not offer any medium access control (MAC) layer support to the efficient and reliable provision of multicast services. It does not provide any MAC-layer recovery mechanism for unsuccessful multicast transmissions. Consequently, lost frames cannot be detected, hence retransmitted, causing a significant quality of service degradation. In addition, 802.11 multicast traffic is sent at the basic data rate, often resulting in severe throughput reduction.In this work, we address these issues by presenting a reliable multicast MAC protocol for wireless multihop networks, which is coupled with a lightweight rate adaptation scheme. Simulation results show that our schemes provide high packet delivery ratio and when compared with other state-of-the-art solutions, they also provide reduced control overhead and data delivery delay.     

RMAC: A Reliable MAC Protocol Supporting Multicast for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

This paper presents a new reliable MAC protocol called “RMAC”supporting reliable multicast for wireless ad hoc networks. By utilizing the busy tones to realize the multicast reliability, RMAC has three novelties： （1） it uses a variablelength control frame to stipulate an order for the receivers to respond, thus solving the feedback collision problem; （2） it extends the usage of busy tone for preventing data frame collisions into the multicast scenario; and （3） it introduces a new usage of busy tone for acknowledging data frames positively. In addition, RMAC is generalized into a comprehensive MAC protocol that provides both reliable and unreliable services for all the three modes of communications： unicast, multicast, and broadcast, making it capable of supporting various upper-layer protocols. The evaluation shows that RMAC achieves high reliability with very limited overhead. RMAC is also compared with other reliable MAC protocols, showing that RMAC not only provides higher reliability but also involves lower cost.     

基于CDMA扩频码的无线组播协议的仿真

本文提出了一种基于CDMA扩频码的组播MAC协议,该协议对不同组播的数据使用不同的CDMA扩频码来传输,同时扩展了RTS控制帧、CTS控制帧和ACK控制帧的格式,使其能够为组播数据提供保障机制,以保证组播数据的可靠传递。仿真结果证明,相比于IEEE802．11MAC协议,该协议在网络吞吐量方面有了不错的提高,延迟方面也改进不少。     

实现组播模式下连续数据流的可靠传输

非实时大批量数据的组播传播是当前国际上重点研究的重要网络研究课题。文中针对点对多点通信模式下实现连续数据流可靠组播的问题,对目前存在的组播传输协议在实现可靠组播方面的优缺点进行了分析,在ＲＭＴＰ协议（一种可靠组播协议）的基础上,将需要传输的连续数据流划分为数据块（每个数据块由一定数量的数据包组成）,并以数据块为单位通过ＲＭＴＰ协议进行可靠的组播传输,从而实现整个数据流的可靠组播传输。在构造组播树的