无缆微型游动机器人驱动磁场系统的研究

提出了一种基于组合线圈结构的磁场系统驱动实验方案,以实现基于磁致伸缩薄膜驱动器的泳动微型机器人的磁控驱动与游动实验参数的检测．首先介绍了该组合线圈的功率优化与设计方法,然后分析了保证一定区域内磁场均匀性的技术方案,最后用ANSYS软件对所设计的组合线圈进行了仿真和验证．实验结果表明该组合结构磁场系统的性能可以满足无缆微型机器人的磁控驱动的设计要求．     

基于ARM的超磁致伸缩微驱动器的偏置与驱动电路设计

超磁致伸缩微驱动器的工作主要需要提供一个可控的偏置磁场和驱动磁场,前者使超磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩特性得到优化,消除倍频效应,后者实现对微驱动器的输出位移控制;设计一个可控电流源,采用悬浮负载功率放大恒流电路,并通过ARM处理器的数模控制,使指定电流通过电磁线圈以产生所需磁场强度;该设计的可控电源,可输出最大±5A的电流,提供给偏置和驱动线圈,实现微驱动器的直观、灵活的控制。     

—种超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器

设计了一种新的超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器．该传感器将超磁致伸缩材料在磁场中产生的应力应变传递到声表面波谐振器上，改变其谐振频率，通过对谐振频率的检测进行磁场测量．该传感器可以用于静态和动态磁场测量，并且可用作无源、无线磁传感器．主要分析了该结构用于静态磁场测量的原理，给出了实验结果．传感器谐振频率的变化对于静态磁场变化的灵敏度可达132Hz／Oe，谐振频率测量分辨率在1Hz时，磁场测量分辨率可达10^-7T数量级．     

体内微型机器人的全方位旋进驱动特性

提出了一种由外旋转磁场驱动的体内微机器人．它以相邻径向异向磁化瓦状多磁极圆筒形NdFeB永磁体为外驱动器，以机器人内嵌同结构的NdFeB永磁体为内驱动器，外驱动器旋转时产生旋转磁场，通过磁机耦合作用于内嵌驱动器形成机器人驱动力矩，在本体外表面螺纹与流体动压力的作用下，实现机器人在管道内的在线旋进．在建立微机器人游动模型的基础上，以垂直管道为试验环境，研究了机器人的全方位驱动特性，试验结果表明机器人可以实现管道内全方位驱动．     

干涉型光纤磁场传感器的研究

在外界磁场的影响下,根据超磁致伸缩薄膜/光纤复合结构模型,推导出马赫-曾德尔干涉型光纤磁传感器磁-机-光耦合关系方程,计算结果分析表明:薄膜厚度和外界磁场的大小直接影响着干涉仪的灵敏度,并且可以通过增加薄膜的厚度和施加偏置磁场来提高干涉仪的灵敏度,这和实验结果相吻合。     

超磁致伸缩换能器磁棒磁场及应变的数值仿真

研究不同驱动电流频率下超磁致伸缩棒的磁场和磁致伸缩应变,针对传统实验测量应变时将仪器置于磁棒内带来的破坏以及很难得到棒内任意点的应变分布问题,为实现换能器的功能,通过电磁理论和有限元理论建立了超磁致伸缩换能器磁场的有限元模型,并在ANSYS电磁场模块下对模型进行了仿真,分析了磁场轴向、径向均匀性及涡流效应对应变几何分布的影响.结果表明:频率增大,涡流效应增强,磁场轴向均匀性增加、径向均匀性减小,应变几何分布变化显著.结果表明对超磁致伸缩换能器驱动频率的选择及器件的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

外磁场驱动医用微型机器人的研究现状与展望

介绍了国内外关于外磁场驱动控制微型机器人的最新研究成果,并对其作业机理进行了分析. 分析表明外磁场无缆驱动控制方法是提高体内医疗微型机器人实用性的有效途径和技术关键．结合我们开发研制的外场驱动微型游动机器人的实际情况,指出了目前无缆外磁场驱动微型机器人存在的问题,并对体内游动型微型医疗机器人实用化的关键技术和发展趋势进行了探讨．     

胶囊式微型机器人驱动转矩的研究

提出一种外旋转磁场驱动的具有径向间隙自补偿功能的胶囊式微型机器人模型．对机器人的驱动转矩特性进行了研究,建立了磁驱动转矩数学模型．根据机器人在流体中的阻力矩特性,研究了磁驱动转矩克服流体阻力矩引起的机器人丢步转速现象,分析了丢步转速与螺旋结构参数的关系．游动试验表明,机器人磁驱动系统没有发生丢步现象,通过径向间隙调整,可以实现胶囊机器人推力与阻力矩的控制．     

一种超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器

设计了一种新的超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器.该传感器将超磁致伸缩材料在磁场中产生的应力应变传递到声表面波谐振器上,改变其谐振频率,通过对谐振频率的检测进行磁场测量.该传感器可以用于静态和动态磁场测量,并且可用作无源、无线磁传感器.主要分析了该结构用于静态磁场测量的原理,给出了实验结果.传感器谐振频率的变化对于静态磁场变化的灵敏度可达132 Hz/Oe,谐振频率测量分辨率在1 Hz时,磁场测量分辨率可达10-7T数量级.     

Terfenol-D高频磁滞特性测试与分析

目前对超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D的研究,主要集中于静态或准静态条件下的磁滞特性的测试和分析.为了更好的探究材料的高频磁滞特性,将Terfenol-D制成方形环状薄片样品,在不同驱动磁场频率和磁密幅值的条件下,测量其动态磁滞回线,分析磁损耗的数值和变化趋势,探究剩磁和矫顽力等磁特性参数随频率和磁密幅值的变化规律.测试结果表明:当驱动磁场频率或磁密幅值增加时,动态磁滞回线横向变宽、面积增大,剩磁、矫顽力和损耗也都随之增大.此项研究为超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D高频磁滞特性和电磁损耗的理论分析提供了实验数据基础.     

Design of a Bio-Inspired Autonomous Underwater Robot

The following paper presents the design and fabrication of an ostraciiform swimming robot and its navigation control and guidance system. Compared to other biomimetic vehicles, the chosen architecture has a lower propulsive efficiency but is easier to waterproof and capable to withstand greater pressures. To generate the alternating motion of the robot bio-inspired thruster, namely a plane fin, a transmission system was designed to replace the direct drive widely adopted in underwater biomimetic vehicles. The mechanical efficiency of two alternative mechanisms capable to actuate the fin were computed according to a preliminary sizing of the robot and its targeted swimming performances. Therefore, the more suitable solution was manufactured and installed aboard. At the same time, a proper navigation, guidance and control architecture (NGC) was designed and then integrated in the robot main controller. The proposed solution allows the vehicle to perform different missions autonomously once their profiles are received from the base station. Preliminary tests results and future works are discussed in the final conclusions.     

NiTi形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍的研究

为了提高仿鱼型推进器在水中运动的灵活性，选择了典型的依靠腹部绸带状鱼鳍波动运动产生推进力的黑色魔鬼刀鱼进行研究，对此绸带状鱼鳍的形态和运动机理进行了分析，同时对鱼鳍的结构进行简化．基于绸带状鱼鳍的这种简化模型设计了形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍．介绍了鱼鳍的机械结构和相应的控制电路．重点推导了仿生鱼鳍波状运动时理论上能到达的推进速度和产生的推进力；并采用数值仿真给出了波动推进时仿生鱼鳍表面的压力分布以及推进力随时间的周期变化规律．将数值仿真结论和先前的实验结果进行了比较，验证了数值仿真的合理性和正确性．通过上述分析，说明基于形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍的研究是很有意义而且可行的．     

3-D Locomotion control for a biomimetic robot fish

This paper concerns with 3-D locomotion control methods for a biomimetic robot fish. The system architecture of the fish is firstly presented based on a physical model of carangiform fish. The robot fish has a flexible body, a rigid caudal fin and a pair of pectoral tins, driven by several servomotors. The motion control of the robot fish are then divided into speed control, orientation control, submerge control and transient motion control, corresponding algorithms are detailed respectively. Finally, experiments and analyses on a 4-link, radio-controlled robot fish prototype with 3-D locomotion show its good performance.     

仿生机器鱼S形起动的控制与实现

给出一种仿生机器鱼S形起动的控制方法.结合北美狗鱼S形起动的形态特征及水动力学知识, 建立了多关节链式结构仿生机器鱼的S形起动模型.整个过程设计为两个阶段: 1)弯曲阶段:以转向速度最大化为目标.在鱼体S形变保证重心稳定平移的前提下, 增大较长转向力臂处的转向力矩,提高转向速度,使鱼体迅速转向目标方向. 2)伸展阶段:以增大前推力为目标.始终保持部分将要伸展的鱼体垂直前进方向,以L形滑动方式打开鱼体. 同时,为保证转向精度,采用模糊控制调节已展开鱼体关节的小角度转动,实时纠正鱼体展开所引起的游动方向偏离. 在S形起动末期,采用变幅值——频率的中枢模式发生器(Central pattern generator, CPG)实现向稳态游动方式的过渡:前期为保证游动方向及获取较大推进力,采用小幅值——高频率的CPG信号, 后期则进入大幅值——低频率的稳态游动.最终,采用四关节仿生机器鱼验证了该方法的有效性, 实现了峰值转速为318.08±9.20°/s、转向误差为1.03±0.48°的较好结果, 对提升水下游动机器人的机动性能具有指导意义.     

Robot fish with two-DOF pectoral fins and a wire-driven caudal fin

This paper presents a robot fish with a wire-driven caudal fin and a pair of pectoral fins. First, the design of the robot fish is presented. The caudal fin is driven through wire-driven mechanism. The pectoral fins can perform two degrees-of-freedom motions, i.e. flapping (roll) and feathering (pitch). The pectoral fins can move in labriform mode for propulsion, or for other purposes such as turning and diving. Second, the propulsion analysis models for caudal fin propulsion and pectoral fins propulsion are derived. Finally, three types of experiments are conducted. Experiment results show that the swimming speed of caudal fin propulsion and pectoral fin propulsion match the model predictions. Moreover, with the caudal fin propulsion alone, the robot fish can swim up to 0.66 BL/s (body length/second); with the pectoral fin propulsion alone, the robot fish can swim up to 0.26 BL/s. The pectoral fins can significantly improve the maneuverability of the robot fish. Without using the pectoral fins, the turning radius of the robot fish is 0.6 BL; with the pectoral fins, the turning radius is reduced to 0.25 BL.     

A pectoral fin analysis for diving rajiform-type fish robots by fluid dynamics

In this paper, we analyze a propulsive force generated from pectoral fins for a rajiform-type fish robot from fluid dynamic aspects. A pectoral fin of the rajiform-type fish robot is constructed by multiple fin rays, which move independently, and a film of pushing water. Then, the propulsive force of the fish robot is analyzed from the momentum of the fluid surrounding for every fin between fin rays. The total propulsive force for one pectoral fin is the sum of these momenta. The propulsive speed of a fish robot is determined from the difference of the propulsive force generated from pectoral fins, and the resistance force that the fish robot receives from the water when moving forward. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined through numerical simulation and actual experimental results.     

形状记忆合金驱动仿生蝠鲼机器鱼的设计

研究了一种采用鳐科模式游动、柔性胸鳍摆动方式推进的形状记忆合金（SMA）丝驱动型仿生蝠鲼机 器鱼．首先,对双吻前口蝠鲼游动动作进行了分析,建立了蝠鲼胸鳍柔性摆动的简化运动模型．然后对能够模仿蝠 鲼肌肉动作的智能材料进行了分析．最后设计了SMA 丝驱动的柔性仿生胸鳍和仿生蝠鲼机器鱼,并分析了SMA 丝 的热力学特性,确定了控制规律．该机器鱼外形与双吻前口蝠鲼外形相似,身体呈现扁平形状,有一对三角形的柔 性仿生胸鳍,直线游动速度达到79 mm/s,最小转弯半径为118 mm．该机器鱼游动稳定性好,无噪声．     

仿生机器鱼艏向摆动动力学仿真及分析

由尾鳍拍动产生侧向力导致的机器鱼的艏摇能够影响航行器的推进效率。该文首次运用Adamas软件埘北京航空航天大学机器人研究所“SPC—Ⅱ”仿生机器鱼进行了尾鳍受力分析和动力学仿真。从鱼体和尾鳍推进机构质阜比、拍动频率以及对尾鳍攻角的影响三个方面对仿真结果进行了分析，得出以下结论：随着鱼体和尾鳍推进机构质量比的增大以及频率的增大。艏摇不断减小；鱼体和尾鳍推进机构质量比小于78，没有出现共振现象；艏摇的存在会明显的衰减尾柄主臂和尾鳍攻角的角位移。     

Development of a robotic fish using electrostatic film motors: the Seidengyo II robot

We previously built a fish-like robot named Seidengyo I (based on the Japanese words for electrostatic (seiden) and fish (gyo)), which is a light and flexible robot actuated by a novel electrostatic film motor. This paper describes the design features that underlie the operation of Seidengyo II, which is an evolutional prototype of Seidengyo I. These features include an elaborate three-layer electrostatic film motor, a unique power transmission system and a compact robot controller. The power transmission system permits reciprocating power from the three-layer electrostatic actuator to be converted to periodic oscillations of a caudal fin. The robot controller is capable of easily generating high-frequency and high-voltage driving signals. As a result, we can control the oscillations of the caudal fin of Seidengyo II via synchronous operation to achieve open-loop swimming. We present the experimental results regarding the performance of the constructed controller and verify the validity of the design of the Seidengyo II robot by these experimental results.