数据中心网络TCP Incast问题研究

目前传统TCP协议不适用于数据中心的工作模式,因此当数据中心中出现常见的多对一流量模式时会产生TCP Incast问题,造成应用层可见吞吐量崩溃。结合数据中心特点,提出全面的解决方案是解决TCP Incast问题的研究目标。围绕TCP Incast问题,深层次剖析了该问题发生的根源,简要概述了该问题面临的挑战,介绍了基于该问题所构建的数学模型;从链路层、传输层和应用层角度分析并总结了近十年具有代表性的解决方案,从有效性、可部署性等不同角度对所列举方案进行了全面对比,发现当前方案大都基于某个具体方面缓解该问题,均存在缺陷;最后提出了可行的解决该问题的研究方向,将关注点聚焦于SDN结合机器学习以及传输新协议。     

基于SDN数据中心网络的时限感知的拥塞控制算法

当前SDN的数据中心发展迅速,针对数据中心网络存在的长短流竞争和TCP Incast引起的短流高延迟问题,提出SDN-D2TCP方案。该方案借助SDN的集中控制优势,利用控制器侦测多对一的网络流通信行为,预测交换机的TCP Incast发生瓶颈,并考虑时延敏感流的特性要求,结合D2TCP的时限感知和显式拥塞通知机制,调整拥塞窗口,增强短流竞争力。通过NS2实验仿真,相较于DCTCP与D2TCP,SDN-D2TCP能够有效降低TCP Incast的发生概率,保证短流低延时。     

数据中心网络中高并发TCP传输的随机退避方法

在现代数据中心网络中,分散聚合的传输模式容易导致瓶颈链路上的吞吐率崩塌,产生TCP Incast现象。为此,提出一种随机退避的方法,来降低TCP流突发传输的并发程度,通过计算最优的随机退避时间,控制瓶颈链路的瞬时拥塞程度,有效解决TCP Incast问题。从理论上建模分析随机退避时间区间内随机退避各TCP流时的超时概率和吞吐率。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效避免传输超时事件,将TCP流并发度和网络吞吐率分别提升2倍和80倍。     

数据中心网络快速反馈传输控制协议

在数据中心网络中,当多个服务器同时向一个接收端发送数据时,产生的数据流量易在瓶颈交换机的缓冲区溢出,造成丢包事件以及数据重传,导致TCP Incast问题。为此,提出一种可快速反馈的数据中心网络传输控制协议( FFDTCP)。该协议在TCP协议的基础上采用显式拥塞通知机制,利用2个显式拥塞通知位通告4种拥塞级别,发送端根据拥塞信息所表示的拥塞级别快速调整拥塞窗口以减少拥塞,从而避免因瓶颈链路丢包而造成的吞吐量急剧下降问题。 NS2仿真实验结果表明,与传统TCP协议相比,FFDTCP协议可以保证较低的时延和较大的吞吐量,有效缓解TCP Incast问题,提高数据中心网络传输性能。     

高速网络带宽测量方法研究

针对单个低速节点的网卡吞吐量无法提供被测链路所需带宽的问题,基于TCP协议,通过多节点并行生成网络流量方式向被测系统输出高带宽负载,从而对被测链路进行带宽测量。实验验证了该并行测量方法的可行性,并通过分析得到TCP协议中影响被测链路带宽的主要因素为TCP窗口大小与缓冲区大小。     

无线自组网络中TCP流公平性的分析与改进

研究了TCP(transmission control protocol)流在多跳无线自组网络中的公平性问题,发现IEEE802.11DCF协议在此环境下会导致严重的不公平性,即部分节点垄断了网络带宽而其他节点被饿死.首先,通过仿真分析了产生TCP流不公平性的原因,指出其根源在于MAC(media access and control)协议的不公平性,同时,TCP的超时机制加剧了不公平性的产生;然后,利用概率模型定量分析了TCP不公平性与MAC协议参数之间的关系,发现TCP流的公平性与TCP报文长度直接相关,并且增加MAC协议初始竞争窗口的大小能够有效提高公平性.据此,提出了一种根据TCP报文长度动态调节初始回退窗口大小的自适应回退MAC协议改进算法.理论分析和仿真表明,该算法在很大程度上可以有效缓解不公平性问题的产生,并且不会引起网络吞吐量的严重降低.     

路由器缓存大小设置策略的研究综述

首先介绍了路由器缓存大小设置问题的研究进展,重点讨论了基于TCP协议模型的5种典型的缓存设置方法,通过分析和比较得出基于不同的假设前提的缓存设置方法适应于不同的网络环境;并进一步研究了影响缓存需求的几个主要因素,着重分析了各种TCP协议、队列管理机制与路由器缓存大小设置策略的相互影响,并指出在"-3前复杂时变网络特征下需要采用根据网络状态动态调节阅值的缓存设置方法.     

无线局域网中实现TCP流公平的接入点缓存区大小的估计算法

研究了无线局域网的接入点(Access Point, AP)缓存区大小对TCP公平性的影响，并通过分析平均窗口与平均丢包率以及使用窗口与平均丢包率的关系，加上实现TCP公平性时的窗口限制条件，提出一种计算TCP上下行流公平时所需的AP缓存大小的方法。通过NS2仿真，验证了算法的准确性。     

无线接入网络中TCP流的上下行信道公平算法

在无线接入网络中,上行TCP流会极大地压制下行TCP流,导致严重的上下行信道TCP流不公平问题.本文指出TCP流的ACK包在接入节点下行缓存中的侵占性是上下行TCP不公平问题的直接原因,从限制缓存大小的新角度提出了MBA(Maximum Buffer for ACKs)算法.MBA算法基于上下行TCP流的不公平比例和缓存大小的关系,自适应地调节ACK包的最大缓存空间.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明MBA算法不但能通过限制ACK包的缓存空间实现上下行TCP流公平,还能通过减少无线信道ACK包传输概率提高网络总有效吞吐率.     

一种基于TCP的实时视频传输延时预测模型*

针对TCP重传易导致延时抖动大、降低流媒体播放质量的问题,提出了使用TCP传输实时视频时,播放质量不受TCP重传影响的必要条件,即视频帧发送延时、播放缓冲区延时与网络往返时间需要满足一定的关系式。建立了视频帧发送延时的预测模型,该模型通过输入视频帧长度、丢包率、网络往返时间、TCP拥塞窗口大小与TCP超时重传时间,预测视频帧的发送延时。NS2模拟结果表明,可以通过发送延时的预测值来判断视频帧是否适合采用TCP传输。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate