山丹县草地地上生物量遥感估算模型

选择黑河流域草地植被的典型区域-山丹县作为研究区, 利用2003 年8 月野外实测50 个样方的草地地上生物量数据和同期的陆地卫星TM 影像数据, 分析了植被指数与草地地上生物量的相关关系, 进而建立基于遥感植被指数DV I 的草地地上生物量估算模型。结果表明: 在草地地上生物量和TM 影像植被指数之间关系微弱、直接利用TM 影像数据建立估算模型不可行的情况下,用地面实测的草地植被反射光谱数据对遥感影像数据进行校正, 能够弥补传统的“点-面”建模方法的不足, 获得比较理想的估算模型; 植被指数DVI 与草地地上生物量之间存在较好的相关性, 其估算模型为Y = 2477X - 77. 598 (R 2= 0. 7589) , 经实测数据验证, 总体精度达到80% 以上, 基本上能够满足中尺度的草地地上生物量估算。     

利用色调—亮度彩色分量的可见光植被指数

目的 无人机遥感具有高时效、高分辨率、低成本、操作简单等优势。但由于无人机通常只携带可见光传感器,无法计算由可见光-近红外波段组合所构造的植被指数。为解决这一问题,提出一种归一化色调亮度植被指数NHLVI （normalized hue and lightness vegetation index）。方法 通过分析HSL （hue-saturation-lightness）彩色空间模型,构建一种基于色调亮度的植被指数,将该植被指数以及其他常用的可见光植被指数,如归一化绿红差值指数NGRDI （normalized green-red difference index）、过绿指数ExG （excess green）、超绿超红差分指数ExGR （excess green minus excess red）等,分别与野外实测光谱数据和无人机多光谱数据的NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index）进行相关性比较;利用受试者工作特征曲线ROC （receiver operating characteristic curve）的特点确定阈值,并进行植被信息提取与分析。结果 NHLVI与NDVI相关性高（R²=0.776 8）,而其他可见光植被指数中,NGRDI与NDVI相关性较高（R²=0.687 4）;ROC曲线下面积大小作为评价不同植被指数区分植被与非植被的指标,NHLVI指数在ROC曲线下面积为0.777,小于NDVI （0.815）,但大于NGRDI （0.681）,区分植被与非植被能力较强。为进一步验证其精度,利用阈值法提取植被,NHLVI提取植被信息的总体精度为82.25%,高于NGRDI （79.75%）,尤其在植被稀疏区,NHLVI的提取结果优于NGRDI。结论 提出的归一化色调亮度植被指数,提取植被精度较高,适用于无人机可见光影像植被信息提取,为无人机可见光影像的应用提供了新方法。     

锡林格勒典型植被类型光谱特征

内蒙古草原是全球变化研究的热点区域。遥感是进行大尺度草地动态监测最为有效的工具。为基于遥感数据的草地分类识别和动态变化监测提供依据,该文以锡林格勒盟的典型植被类型为研究对象,采集冠层反射率光谱数据,分析其波形和植被指数光谱特征。研究结果表明:红边面积、红边斜率以及680nm附近的叶绿素吸收谷特征参量,能够有效区分不同密度的草地和农业植被。归一化植被指数NDVI、绿度归一化植被指数GNDVI和优化调节植被指数OSAVI的变化趋势一致,能够反映植被绿度信息,适宜于监测植被长势。     

基于植被指数季节变化曲线的年总初级生产力估算

针对年总初级生产力估算的研究,提出了一种参数简单、误差较小的估算方法。以"三北"防护林工程区域各类型植被为研究对象,获取2010年研究区全年时序的MODIS植被指数并构建植被指数季节变化曲线,建立该曲线积分ΣVIs与MODIS GPP产品的拟合关系,并研究各植被类型GPP估算适用的植被指数时间序列曲线积分ΣVIs。结果表明:①ΣVIs适用于估算研究区年总GPP并与MODIS GPP在p0.01置信水平下,显著相关;②ΣNDVI估算郁闭灌丛、稀疏灌丛、草地、耕地以及荒地或稀疏植被GPP的效果要优于ΣEVI和ΣEVI2,但在森林及其他植被类型方面要比ΣEVI或ΣEVI2的精度低;③由于NDVI在高LAI地区趋于饱和,使ΣNDVI估算高LAI植被类型GPP的误差较大,而利用ΣEVI和ΣEVI2估算高LAI植被类型的GPP具有较好的精度,并且EVI2相对于EVI减少了来自于蓝光波段的限制,能够更好地应用于长时间序列GPP研究。     

利用NDVI与EVI再合成的植被指数算法

针对单独使用NDVI、EVI对植被覆盖变化分析出现的饱和问题,提出了植被指数再合成法。本研究基于EVI与NDVI中国合成产品在时间上通过植被指数归一化再合成、空间上通过植被指数向量分析法对云南省月植被覆盖变化进行趋势分析并进一步利用方差、标准差、变异系数、回归分析等方法对单一植被指数与合成植被指数进行定量评价。结果表明:NDVI与EVI月趋势变化呈显著负相关;基于EVI mean与NDVI max再合成指数VI的方差、标准差均最大,相对其他单一植被指数(NDVI、EVI)而言,其变异系数VC最大为0.551,回归分析结果k值为0.039,对描述植被覆盖在时间维度与空间维度上的变化情况效果最佳。     

基于无人机与卫星遥感的草原地上生物量反演研究

草原生物量是评价草原生态系统功能的重要参数.为了快速、准确、有效地估算草原地上生物量,以呼伦贝尔草原为研究区,基于无人机多光谱影像和卫星遥感(Sentinel-2)影像,选择GNDVI、LCI、NDRE、NDVI、OSAVI、EVI等6个植被指数,结合实测地上生物量数据,建立植被指数回归模型,并采用留一法交叉验证进行精...     

基于Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像的天山北坡草地地上生物量估算

利用Landsat 8OLI遥感数据获得NDVI、RVI、DVI、EVI、GNDVI和SAVI等6种常用植被指数,同时结合研究区草地地面实测数据,再根据坡向将研究区划分为阴坡和阳坡两类,利用统计分析方法分别建立紫泥泉牧场阴坡和阳坡的草原生物量遥感估算模型,并进行生物量空间反演和验证。相关分析结果表明:所选植被指数与牧场生物量显著相关,依据坡向分类后数据与未分类数据相关性存在较大差异,其中NDVI相关性最高,EVI相关性最低;紫泥泉草场生物量最优反演模型为基于SAVI的二次多项式模型,精度达80%。利用该模型反演得到2015年紫泥泉牧场草原平均鲜草产草量为113g/m2,折合干草产草量41.85g/m2。研究表明:坡向是影响生物量分布变化的重要因素;利用遥感数据、地面实测生物量数据并结合研究区阴阳坡地形特征,提出的生物量估算模型精度较高,可为该牧区草原生物量合理估算和草地放牧管理提供科学依据。     

不同等级石漠化区MODIS-NDVI与MODIS-EVI对比分析

利用2001～2010年10 a的MODIS资料,比较分析广西喀斯特不同等级石漠化区MODIS\|NDVI和MODIS\|EVI的时间变化特征差异,利用全时间序列及16 d10 a均值序列分析NDVI和EVI之间的相关关系,比较线性及对数相关模型对两种植被指数相关关系的拟合效果,结果表明:石漠化等级由重度到潜在,两者之间的差值也随着植被覆盖度的增加而增大,植被覆盖度越低,NDVI和EVI所表征的植被变化特征越相似。NDVI的峰值出现时间多晚于EVI且其反映的植被变化趋势与实况更吻合,但其NDVI偏高;各等级石漠化的两种时间序列NDVI与EVI的对数相关关系优于线性相关,两种植被指数的相关性随着植被覆盖度的降低而增大,但全时间序列中轻度、中度石漠化相关性变化规律与16 d 10 a均值序列相反。     

基于不同植被指数的重庆地区物候参数提取对比研究

基于不同植被指数提取物候参数是分析长时间物候变化的重要基础。以多云雾的重庆地区为例，使用2010～2019年MODIS NDVI/EVI/EVI2共3种长时序的植被指数数据，通过D-L滤波方法分析了不同植被指数特征；并使用动态阈值法和趋势分析法，对比研究了基于3种植被指数提取的物候参数结果及其随不同地形因子的分异规律，结果如下：(1)EVI和EVI2的时间序列拟合曲线比NDVI的拟合曲线更加平滑，3种植被指数原始值与拟合值的差值主要分布为NDVI(0.05～0.18)、EVI(0.03～0.11)、EVI2(0.03～0.1)。(2)基于3种植被指数提取的物候参数在空间分布和变化趋势上呈现一致性，其中EVI和EVI2提取的植被指数参数皆相近，相差5d之内占比79%以上，SOSEVI2变化显著性区域所占比面积最高（16.36%）,SOSNDVI最低为12.37%。(3)SOS随海拔升高而推迟，EOS随海拔升高先延后再提前，LOS随海拔升高先延长后缩短，且EOSNDVI、LOSNDVI随着海拔增加分别与EOSEVI/EOSEVI2、LOSEVI/LOSEVI2差异增大，不同植被类型上，EV...     

利用MODIS产品分析长江上游川江段植被变化

使用2000年到2005年每年8月的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的植被指数产品研究了长江上游川江流域加快长江防护林建设以来的植被变化。在选定的特定区域对广泛使用的植被指数NDVI和新开发的增强型植被指数EVI进行了对比分析,两种植被指数在湿润环境下对高密度植被的描述有明显差别:NDVI的季节性不明显,表现为全年高平的曲线;而EVI仍然有季节性,表现为钟形曲线,与月平均温度关系更密切。通过对EVI产品的分析,近6年来长江上游川江流域的植被得到了较好的恢复,尤其是在湖北和嘉陵江附近植被得到了明显的增加,整体上最明显的变化是较高植被值域区(0.6～0.8),所占比例由3.26%增加到13.96%。     

Validation of HJ-1 B charge-coupled device vegetation index products with spectral reflectance of Hyperion

To validate the HJ-1 B charge-coupled device (CCD) vegetation index (VI) products, spectral reflectance data from EO-1 Hyperion of a close date were used to simulate the band reflectance of the HJ-1 B CCD camera. Four vegetation indices (the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the ratio vegetation index (RVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI)) were computed from both simulated and actual HJ-1 B CCD band reflectance data. Comparisons between simulated and actual HJ-1 B CCD band reflectance data, as well as that between simulated and actual HJ-1 B CCD vegetation indices were implemented to validate the VI products of the HJ-1 B CCD camera. The correlation coefficients between simulated and actual HJ-1 B CCD band reflectance data were 0.836, 0.891, 0.912 and 0.923 for the blue, green, red and near infra-red bands, and the correlation coefficients between simulated and actual HJ-1 B CCD VIs were 0.943, 0.926, 0.939 and 0.933 for SAVI, RVI, NDVI and EVI. The standard deviation of differential images between actual and simulated HJ-1 B CCD VIs are 0.052, 0.527, 0.073 and 0.133. The results show that the VI products from the HJ-1 B CCD camera are consistent with the simulated VIs from Hyperion, which proves the reliability of HJ-1 B CCD VI products.     

Annual Total Gross Primary Production Estimation based on Vegetation Indices Seasonal Variation Curve

For the estimation of annual Gross Primary Productivity(GPP),it is proposed an estimation method with simple parameters and small errors.By taking each type of vegetation in the area of Three-North Shelterbelt Program(TNSP) as the research subject,the MODIS vegetation indices were obtained,and the seasonal variation curve of vegetation indices were built.Then,the fitting relation between the integral of time series vegetation indices(ΣVIs) and GPP products of MODIS was established,so as to realize a simple GPP estimation method and study the applicable ΣVIs for estimating the GPP of all vegetation types.The results show that：(1) ΣVIs is suitable for estimating the annual total GPP in research area and significantly correlated with MODIS GPP at the confidence level of p<0.01;(2) ΣEVI2 is applicable to estimate the GPP of evergreen needleleaf forest,decidious needleleaf forest,decidious broadleaf forest,mixed forest,woody savannas,savannas,permanent wetlands,croplands,croplands/natural vegetation mosaic,while the effect of ΣNDVI for estimating the GPP of closed shrublands,open shrublands,grasslands,croplands,and barren or sparsely vegetated is superior to ΣEVI andΣEVI2;(3) Since the NDVI itself is saturated in the area of high Leaf Area Index(LAI),the error of estimating the GPP of high LAI vegetation type by ΣNDVI is larger,while using ΣEVI and ΣEVI2 to estimate them has better accuracy,and the limitation from blue band of EVI2 reduces compared with EVI,which can be applied to the GPP research of long time series better.     

Estimation of Grassland Aboveground Biomass Using Landsat 8 OLI Satellite Image in the Northern Hillside of Tianshan Mountain

The Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data was used to obtain six kinds of commonly vegetation indices including NDVI,RVI,DVI,EVI,GNDVI and SAVI.Meanwhile,combining with the measured data of grassland in the research area,the research area was divided into two kinds of shady and sunny slope according to the slope.Then the biomass remote sensing estimation models of shady and sunny slope in Ziniquan Ranch were created by Statistical analysis method and biomass space inversion and verification was implemented.The results of correlation analysis showed that the selected vegetation indices were significantly correlated with pasture biomass and there was a significant difference between the correlation of the classified data and the non classified data by slope,in which NDVI was the highest and EVI was the lowest.The optimal inversion model of Ziniquan Ranch biomass was based on the two order polynomial model of SAVI with the accuracy 80%.By using this model reversion,the grassland average yield of Ziniquan Ranch in 2015 was 113 g/m²,which equaled to dry grass yield 41.85 g/m².The research shows that the slope direction is an important factor affecting the distribution of biomass.Using remote sensing data and ground measured biomass data and combining with the characteristics of the topography of shady and sunny slope of the research area,the biomass estimation model has higher accuracy,which could provide scientific basis for the reasonable estimation of grassland biomass and management of grassland grazing in the pastoral area.     

Assessing vegetation condition in the presence of biomass burning smoke by applying the Aerosol‐free Vegetation Index (AFRI) on MODIS images

Vegetation indices (VIs) such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are widely used for assessing vegetation cover and condition. One of the NDVI's significant disadvantages is its sensitivity to aerosols in the atmosphere, hence several atmospherically resistant VIs were formulated using the difference in the radiance between the blue and the red spectral bands. The state‐of‐the‐art atmospherically resistant VI, which is a standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product, together with the NDVI, is the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). A different approach introduced the Aerosol‐free Vegetation Index (AFRI) that is based on the correlation between the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and the visible red bands. The AFRI main advantage is in penetrating an opaque atmosphere influenced by biomass burning smoke, without the need for explicit correction for the aerosol effect. The objective of this research was to compare the performance of these three VIs under smoke conditions. The AFRI was applied to the 2.1 µm SWIR channel of the MODIS sensor onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites in order to assess its functionality on these imaging platforms. The AFRI performance was compared with those of NDVI and EVI. All VIs were calculated on images with and without present smoke, using the surface‐reflectance MODIS product, for three case studies of fires in Arizona, California, and Zambia. The MODIS Fire Product was embedded on the images in order to identify the exact location of the active fires. Although good correlations were observed between all VIs in the absence of smoke (in the Arizona case R ² = 0.86, 0.77, 0.88 for the NDVI–EVI, AFRI–EVI, and AFRI–NDVI, respectively) under smoke conditions a high correlation was maintained between the NDVI and the EVI, while low correlations were found for the AFRI–EVI and AFRI–NDVI (0.21 and 0.16, for the Arizona case, respectively). A time series of MODIS images recorded over Zambia during the summer of 2000 was tested and showed high NDVI fluctuations during the study period due to oscillations in aerosol optical thickness values despite application of aerosol corrections on the images. In contrast, the AFRI showed smoother variations and managed to better assess the vegetation condition. It is concluded that, beneath the biomass burning smoke, the AFRI is more effective than the EVI in observing the vegetation conditions.     

Uncertainties in fPAR estimation of grass canopies under different stress situations and differences in architecture

The fraction of intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (fPAR) is a key variable used by the Monteith model to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP). This variable can be assessed by vegetation indices (VIs) derived from spectral remote sensing data but several factors usually affect their relationship. The objectives of this work were to analyse the fPAR dynamics and to describe the relationships between fPAR and several indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), Green NDVI (GNDVI), visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) green, VIgreen and red edge position (REP)) under different water and nutrient treatments for two species with different canopy architectures. Two C₃ grass species with differences in leaf orientation (planophile and erectophile) were cultivated from seeds in pots. Four treatments were applied combining water and nitrogen availability. Every week, canopy reflectance and fPAR were measured. Aerial biomass was clipped to estimate final above-ground production for each species and treatment. Starting from reflectance values, the indices were calculated. Planophile species have a steeper (but not significantly) slope in VIs–fPAR relationships than the erectophile species. Water and nutrient deficiencies treatment showed no relationship with fPAR in any spectral index in the erectophile species. In the other species, this treatment showed significant relationship according to the index used. Analysing each species individually, treatments did not modify slopes except in one case (planophile species between both treatments with high nitrogen but differing in water availability). Among indices, GNDVI was the best estimator of fPAR for both species, followed by NDVI and OSAVI. Inaccurate results may be obtained from commonly reported spectral relationships if plants' stress factors are not taken into account.     

Using hyperspectral vegetation indices to estimate the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by corn canopies

The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation – a key parameter in crop biomass and yields as well as net primary productivity models – is critical to guiding crop management activities. However, accurate and reliable estimation of FPAR is often hindered by a paucity of good field-based spectral data, especially for corn crops. Here, we investigate the relationships between the FPAR of corn (Zea mays L.) canopies and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from concurrent in situ hyperspectral measurements in order to develop accurate FPAR estimates. FPAR is most strongly (positively) correlated to the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and the scaled normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI*). Both GNDVI and NDVI* increase with FPAR, but GNDVI values stagnate as FPAR values increase beyond 0.75, as previously reported according to the saturation of VIs – such as NDVI – in high biomass areas, which is a major limitation of FPAR-VI models. However, NDVI* shows a declining trend when FPAR values are greater than 0.75. This peculiar VI–FPAR relationship is used to create a piecewise FPAR regression model – the regressor variable is GNDVI for FPAR values less than 0.75, and NDVI* for FPAR values greater than 0.75. Our analysis of model performance shows that the estimation accuracy is higher, by as much as 14%, compared with FPAR prediction models using a single VI. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasibility of utilizing VIs (GNDVI and NDVI*) derived from ground-based spectral data to estimate corn canopy FPAR, using an FPAR estimation model that overcomes limitations imposed by VI saturation at high FPAR values (i.e. in dense vegetation).     

Nondestructive estimation of canopy chlorophyll content using Hyperion and Landsat/TM images

Remote sensing offers a nondestructive tool for the quick and precise estimation of canopy chlorophyll content that serves as an important indicator of the plant ecosystem. In this study, the canopy chlorophyll content of 26 samples in 2007 and 40 samples in 2008 of maize were nondestructively estimated by a set of vegetation indices (VIs; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI; Green Chlorophyll Index, CI_green; modified soil adjust vegetation index, MSAVI; and Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) derived from the hyperspectral Hyperion and Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The PROSPECT model was used for sensitivity analysis among the indices and results indicated that CI_green had a large linear correlation with chlorophyll content ranging from 100–1000 mg m^?2. EVI showed a moderate ability in avoiding saturation and reached a saturation of chlorophyll content above 600 mg m^?2. Both of the other two indices, MSAVI and NDVI, showed a clear saturation at chlorophyll content of 400 mg m^?2, which demonstrated they may be inappropriate for chlorophyll interpretation at high values. A validation study was also conducted with satellite observations (Hyperion and TM) and in-situ measurements of chlorophyll content in maize. Results indicated that canopy chlorophyll content can be remotely evaluated by VIs with r ² ranging from the lowest of 0.73 for NDVI to the highest of 0.86 for CI_green. EVI had a greater precision (r ²=0.81) than MASVI (r ²=0.75) in canopy chlorophyll content estimation. The results agreed well with the sensitivity study and will be helpful in developing future models for canopy chlorophyll evaluation.     

Critical assessment of vegetation indices from AVHRR in a semi-arid environment

The most frequently used vegetation index (VI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its variants introduced recently to correct for atmospheric and soil optical response such as Global Environment Monitoring Index (GEMI) and Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) are evaluated over a Sahelian region. The usefulness and limitations of the various vegetation indices are discussed, with special attention to cloud contamination and green vegetation detection from space. The HAPEX Sahel database is used as a test case to compare these indices in arid and semi-arid environments. Selected sites are characterized by sparse vegetation cover and day-to-day variability in atmospheric composition. Simulated indices values behaviour at the surface level shows that these VIs were all sensitive to the presence of green vegetation but were affected differently by changes in soil colour and brightness. We showed that GEMI is less sensitive to atmospheric variations than both NDVI and MSAVI since it exhibits a high atmospheric transmissivity over its entire range for various atmospheric aerosol loadings and water vapour contents. These results were first tested on a vegetation gradient, and secondly evaluated on a transect which encompasses various soils formations. On the vegetation gradient, it was found that GEMI computed from measurements at the top of the atmosphere is invariable from one day to the next. On the bare soils transect, MSAVI calculated at the surface level, has shown a great insensitivity to soil optical responses modifications, while GEMI exhibits from space noticeable variability in this bright soil context. Finally, it was illustrated that GEMI exhibits interesting properties for cloud detection because of the strong decrease of its value on cloudy pixels.     

Assessing the seasonal dynamics of the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation through the use of spectral vegetation indices

In this study, the response of vegetation indices (VIs) to the seasonal patterns and spatial distribution of the major vegetation types encountered in the Brazilian Cerrado was investigated. The Cerrado represents the second largest biome in South America and is the most severely threatened biome as a result of rapid land conversions. Our goal was to assess the capability of VIs to effectively monitor the Cerrado and to discriminate among the major types of Cerrado vegetation. A full hydrologic year (1995) of composited AVHRR, local area coverage (LAC) data was converted to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values. Temporal extracts were then made over the major Cerrado vegetation communities. Both the NDVI and SAVI temporal profiles corresponded well to the phenological patterns of the natural and converted vegetation formations and depicted three major categories encompassing the savanna formations and pasture sites, the forested areas, and the agricultural crops. Secondary differences in the NDVI and SAVI temporal responses were found to be related to their unique interactions with sun-sensor viewing geometries. An assessment of the functional behaviour of the VIs confirmed SAVI responds primarily to NIR variations, while the NDVI showed a strong dependence on the red reflectance. Based on these results, we expect operational use of the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to provide improved discrimination and monitoring capability of the significant Cerrado vegetation types.     

地面反射波谱与卫星磁带记录数据间关系模拟的初步探讨──以冬小麦和土壤为例

根据冬小麦和土壤地面反射波谱测试数据，计算了在卫星高度上与卫星磁带数据相对应波段的辐亮度值，对ＮＯＡＡＡＶＨＲＲ和ＴＭ某些通道的差值绿度植被指数ＤＶＩ、归一化绿度植被指数ＮＤＶＩ和比值绿度植被指数ＲＶＩ的分析，从理论上证明了目前采用ＴＭＤＶＩ＿（４，３）提取冬小麦种植面积和ＮＯＡＡＮＤＶＩ＿（２，１）区分植被和土壤背景的有效性。同时在冬小麦种植面积和长势监测方面提出了一些新建议。