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1.
遥感技术在环境污染监测中的应用   总被引:24,自引:3,他引:21  
环境污染遥感监测技术具有监测范围广、速度快、成本低,且便于进行长期的动态监测等优
点,是实现宏观、快速、连续、动态地监测环境污染的有效高新技术手段。介绍了应用于环境污染监
测的可见光、反射红外遥感技术、热红外遥感技术、高光谱技术以及微波遥感监测技术,并着重阐述
了遥感监测技术在水环境污染、大气环境污染中的应用。最后,指出了我国环境污染遥感监测技术
存在的问题和发展趋势,建议尽快发展我国的环境污染遥感监测技术,以满足我国环境污染监测的
需要。  相似文献   

2.
遥感用于土地利用变化动态监测中的若干问题探讨   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
利用遥感与地理信息系统技术进行土地资源调查和动态变化监测已为人们所共识。由于土地
利用与土地覆盖的复杂性,利用遥感技术进行土地利用变化动态监测时,遇到了许多具体问题。从
应用的角度出发,重点在土地利用与土地覆盖的关系、影像的选择与处理、动态监测方法的选定与
综合及其它多方面知识的参与等几个方面进行了探讨。这些问题的解决,将会在很大程度上提高土
地利用变化监测的精度。  相似文献   

3.
典型地物标准波谱数据库系统设计   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
国家级通用型典型地物标准波谱数据库系统是空间遥感技术与应用发展的重要技术支撑,是国家空间信息设施的重要组成部分之一。介绍了该波谱数据库统软件设计的研究内容,包括系统总体架构、组织结构、模块划分、功能分配、性能特点以及系统特色等,为我国空间信息设施的发展
提供一个可行的地物标准波谱数据库系统设计方案。  相似文献   

4.
3S技术在生物多样性研究中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
随着生物多样性问题的日益突出,对生物多样性的研究与保护提出了更高的要求。但由于传
统调查方法的局限性,迫切需要新的技术支持。将3S技术应用于生物多样性研究,一方面可以弥补
传统调查手段的不足,另一方面为生物多样性的调查研究提供了新的途径与技术支持。在总结3S
技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状的基础上,对其应用发展前景进行了展望,指出了3S技术在
生物多样性研究中的系统化应用正朝着数据表达的可视化、综合研究和网络化、构件化以及智能化
的方向发展。  相似文献   

5.
针对目前普遍使用的确定性水质模型的局限性,在对人工神经网络的传统算法进行改进的基础上将其与地理信息系统相结合对可视化的非确定性河流水质模型进行了研究,并应用黄河白银段的水质实测资料对模型进行了检验。模拟结果表明,这种可视化的非确定性河流水质模型能够很好地模拟河流水质,并且简单可行。
  相似文献   

6.
概述了解释冰雪微波测量的物理背景。根据在瑞士阿尔卑斯山的测量结果,说
明了各类雪的后向散舒的角特性和光谱特性。讨论了与雪和冰川调查有关的SAR图
象的信息量,并举例说明了海军卫星SAR和机载SAR图象。初步给出了用于雪和
冰川监测的最佳SAR系统的技术参数。SAR的主要优越性是无天气依赖性,所以,
SAR资料对调查冰雪的物理状态特别有意义。令后,SAR遥感器在雪和冰川监测
系统中将成为重要的组成部分。但为了满足各类任务的需求,仍需要高分辫率的光
学遥感器和改进后的被动微波遥感器。  相似文献   

7.
为了满足多种水环境的大范围、精准监测需求,提出了基于优化深度置信网络的多传感器水质监测方法。设置水质监测标准,作为水质等级的判定条件。优化设计水体温度、PH值、溶解氧、浊度等传感器设备,利用优化深度置信网络选择多传感器的安装位置。利用多传感器采集水环境数据并完成融合处理,通过多个水质监测指标的计算以及与设置标准的比对,得出多传感器水质监测的可视化输出结果。通过性能测试实验得出结论:优化设计方法的水质监测范围为2041.79平方千米,浊度、pH值、溶解氧和氨氮浓度指标的监测误差分别为0.005FTU、0.07、0.05mg/L和0.007mg/L,均低于传统方法,且满足预设条件。  相似文献   

8.
RS、GIS、GPS在西北农业大开发中的应用前景   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS)作为三大高新技术(“3S”技术),可以
独立地,也可以相互补充地为农业生产和开发提供强大的技术支撑。它们能快速准确地获取农业生
产系统的多维信息,尤其是时间维的信息,能综合性地管理和处理属性数据和空间数据,并能为农
业生产的决策提供相应的技术服务,进而精确地指导农业生产,促进生态环境的良性发展。论述了
“3S”技术在西北地区农业开发中的应用前景,着重于土壤水分的遥感反演以及干旱和荒漠化的动
态监测。  相似文献   

9.
合成孔径雷达技术的发展现状与趋势   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对合成孔径雷达技术在国外的发展现状和发展趋势进行了归纳分析。对当前合成孔径雷达技
术研究的热点:多参数(多频段、多极化和多视角) SAR系统、SAR干涉测量、聚束SAR、SAR的干
扰和反干扰、定标技术及其应用等方面进行了讨论。最后介绍了我国在合成孔径雷达技术研究方面
的工作进展。  相似文献   

10.
过去30 a星载微波辐射计(SMMR和SSM/I)长时间序列的被动微波亮度温度数据,在陆地表层系统科学以及气候变化研究中起到了非常重要的作用。由于卫星及其携带的微波辐射计的更新,不同传感器所测得的同一地物在同一时间的亮温存在不同程度的偏差,通过分析相邻传感器重复观测时期同一地表18/19GHz和37GHz水平和垂直极化的亮度温度,并以DMSP的F13卫星上的SSM/I传感器为标准,建立了4个通道的交叉定标系数。

  相似文献   

11.
雷达遥感具有全天候、全天时的工作能力,适合于农业遥感监测的时效要求,在农业应用上有很大的潜力。以多时相ERS-2 SAR图像在农作物分类中的应用为例,根据试验区主要农作物的后向散射特性、物候,选择SAR图像的时相。对不同时相的SAR图像的辐射标定、几何校正和噪声平滑等预处理方法进行了研究。  相似文献   

12.
This study extracted the local glacier information over the Nianchu river basin in the Tibet in 1996 and 2005 by using ice index,snow index and water index of Landsat TM\|5 multi\|spectral images,and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)intensity and coherence information of ERS\|1/2 and Envisat ASAR.The optimized features were determined by their classification accuracies based on Support Vector Machine (SVM)classifier.The result showed that the composition of multi\|spectral and SAR features could effectively discriminate the water and ice from other types,with overall accuracies of 84% and 85% in 1996 and 2005,respectively.Based on the thematic information of these two years,the changes of the local glacial area and boundary were detected.The result showed that the glacial area of the Nianchu river basin was reduced by 154.7 km2,which mainly caused by the climate warming.  相似文献   

13.
遥感为获取山区生态环境与资源信息提供了重要的观测手段。然而受地形遮蔽影响,山区光学影像大量的地形阴影给山区土地覆被解译以及生态参量的遥感反演带来了巨大困难。针对地形阴影光谱信息的恢复,提出了一种基于MODIS NDVI的Landsat TM影像地形阴影区光谱信息恢复方法。该方法首先利用MODIS上午、下午星(Terra和Aqua)不同时间过境能够对地形阴影区信息实现互补的特点,采用最大值合成法合成MODIS上、下午星16dNDVI产品(MOD13Q1和MYD13Q1),获得低空间分辨率影像上的阴影区光谱信息;在此基础上,考虑MODIS与Landsat的观测角度、光谱差异,设置滑动窗口及筛选规则提取MODIS与TM影像相匹配的同质纯像元;基于中、低空间分辨率影像中均匀同质像元存在一定统计关系的假设,进一步建立同质区域中TM影像光照区域与对应MODIS NDVI的回归树模型,利用该统计关系和阴影区MODIS的NDVI信息推导得出地形阴影区的光谱信息。将阴影光谱信息恢复后的影像与SCS+C校正后的影像进行比较和分析,结果表明该方法恢复得到的地形阴影的光谱信息能够更好地反映阴影区信息,同时光谱保真程度较好。随着越来越多的中高空间分辨率卫星影像的发展,采用多源卫星数据进行山地地形阴影区信息恢复将成为一个新的发展趋势,该方法以期为同类影像处理提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
The degree and spatial distribution of boreal forest ecosystem degradation in Russia are not well known. The objective of this study is to develop an interpretation basis for analysis of satellite remote sensing data using a set of indicators characterizing the ecological situation and the degree of industrial pollution. European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) data are used in combination for this purpose, along with an exceptionally extensive in situ data set of ground measurements of spectral radiance of pine biocenose components, and the results of moss chemistry and bio-indicator studies from the ecologically stressed St Petersburg region. It is shown that ERS SAR images provide an assessment of forested area distribution and forest type classification. The main factors of variability in parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) that are most strongly related to in situ indicators reflecting the state of the forest are identified. A supervised classification of forest degradation was performed on the basis of the NDVI values from the Landsat images. The results obtained make it possible to specify the areas at a local level and perform regional assessments. The potential for multi-temporal ERS SAR and multi-spectral sensor observations to trace the dynamics of changes in forest ecosystems is evaluated.  相似文献   

15.
A method is developed for monitoring the sediment grain-size of intertidal flats in the Westerschelde (southwest Netherlands), using information from both space-borne microwave (SAR) and optical/shortwave infrared remote sensing. Estimates of the backscattering coefficient were extracted from time-series of C-band ERS SAR imagery. Surface reflectance in the visible, near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) part of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as spectral indices, were derived from matching multi-temporal Landsat TM imagery. In addition, surface reflectances were derived from a set of airborne multispectral (VNIR) CASI images, and hyperspectral (VNIR) measurements using a field spectroradiometer. The data were related to matching field measurements of surface characteristics, including sediment properties. Regression-based algorithms were developed to map the spatio-temporal distribution of mud content using (a) the C-band SAR backscattering coefficient, (b) surface reflectance in the green and SWIR, and (c) a combination of these, with corroborative field measurements. Mud content of the sediment has been successfully mapped by all three algorithms, but a combination of information from microwave and VNIR/SWIR provided best results. The algorithms were generally consistent in time, making them suitable for generating time-series and for monitoring. However, they should be validated and calibrated in order to be applicable to other intertidal areas.  相似文献   

16.
Land-cover and land-use dynamics is a key component for global change,and it is a significant form of the impact of human activities on physical environment.Basing Google Earth Engine platform and Classification And Regression Tree method,selected seven types of cultivated land,forest,grassland,wetland,water body,artificial surface and bare land as classification system,the paper used Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images to interpret the land\|cover and land\|use since 1990 of Beijing.Simultaneously,the paper analyzed and summarized the character of land\|use changing and driving force.The results show that:(1) GEE has outstanding advantages in remote sensing data analysis and processing at regional scales.(2) The CART method has high accuracy of remote sensing classification,and the overall accuracy of validation of 6 land cover products is above 93%.The spatial consistency of 2010 products and GlobeLand30\|2010 data showed that the spatial consistency ratios of woodland,water body and cultivated land were 84.28%,74.75%and 73.56% respectively.The spatial consistency of the distribution is 74.0%.(3) The main land types in Beijing were cultivated land,woodland and artificial surface,and the area accounted for about 90%.During the period from 1990 to 2016,the artificial surface and woodland area increased,and the cultivated land and water were shrinking.The artificial surface area increase of 1 371 km2,and cultivated land shrinkage 40%;On Beijing plain area,artificial surface by the circle of “spread pie” expansion trend to “blossom everywhere” expansion trend;The expansion of the artificial surface is mainly achieved through the encroachment of cultivated land.We constructed a multidimensional stepwise linear equation model to analyze the driving force of land type change,indicated that rapid population growth,rapid economic development,government\|related policies and other socio\|economic development factors jointly drive the Beijing land-cover/land-use evolution process.  相似文献   

17.
Fushun is a famous coal-mining city in northeastern China with more than 100 years of history. Long-term underground coal mining has caused serious surface subsidence in the eastern part of the city. In this study, multitemporal and multisource satellite remote sensing data were used to detect subsidence and geomorphological changes associated with underground coal mining over a 10-year period (1996–2006). A digital elevation model (DEM) was generated through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry processing using data from a pair of European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) SAR images acquired in 1996. In addition, a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM obtained from data in 2000 and an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEM from 2006 were used for this study. The multitemporal DEMs indicated that the maximum vertical displacement due to subsidence was around 13 m from 1996 to 2006. Multitemporal ASTER images showed that the flooded water area associated with subsidence had increased by 1.73 km2 over the same time period. Field investigations and ground level measurements confirmed that the results obtained from the multitemporal remote sensing data agreed well with ground truth data. This study demonstrates that DEMs derived from multisource satellite remote sensing data can provide a powerful tool to map geomorphological changes associated with underground mining activities.  相似文献   

18.
Aiming at the problem that optical remote sensing cannot estimate forest biomass exactly because it’s easily affected by the weather and hard to penetrate the canopy of the forest.Using Jiangxi forest as the study area,established forest canopy height and forest biomass model by GLAS waveform data,integrating multispectral data(TM) and filed survey data.The study results show:(1) using waveform feature parameter,terrain feature parameters and field survey data to build forest canopy height model can eliminate the terrain influence and obtain the discrete canopy height.(2) Combined with the NDVI and discrete canopy height can be carried out large scale continuous forest canopy height mapping.(3) Power function relationship between canopy height and forest biomass can be used to estimate forest biomass.In general,large\|footprint LiDAR combined with optical Landsat TM data can give full paly to the advantages of multi\|source remote sensing and improve the precision of forest biomass inversion.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

This paper describes an experiment where sea water quality parameters were determined using data from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite remote sensing system over a coastal sewage outfall area. The parameters determined included turbidity, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-i, phaeopigment and total pigment. The area investigated was a sewage outfall site off the North Head of Sydney Harbour, Australia. The method used multiple regression to relate site sampled parameters to digital Landsat-TM data, and the results verified using data not used in the regression. Multiple correlation coefficients in excess of R = 0. 9 resulted from the regression analysis, which used Landsat-TM variables in a Chebyshev Series form. However due to the limited number of ocean samples only the results for turbidity were considered significant. Nevertheless a satisfactory methodology is proposed.  相似文献   

20.
Suspended matter in inland waters is related to total primary production and fluxes of heavy metals and micropollutants such as PCBs. Synoptic information on suspended matter cannot be obtained from an in situ monitoring network since suspended matter is a spatially inhomogeneous parameter. This problem can be solved by the integrated use of remote sensing data, in situ data and water quality models. To enable retrospective model and remote sensing data comparison of suspended matter concentration and distribution, a methodology is required for processing satellite images that is independent of in situ measurements. Analytical optical modelling, based on knowledge of the in situ inherent optical properties, leads to reliable multi-temporal algorithms for estimating suspended matter concentration in lakes for the data from the SPOT and Landsat TM sensors. This methodology allows multi-temporal, multi-site and multi-instrument comparison of TSM maps derived from satellite imagery. This means that satellite sensor data can now become an independent measurement tool for water management authorities. The remote sensing maps showed that large gradients in TSM were observed for the various lakes as well as temporal changes of these spatial gradients. In situ point samples are shown to be not representative for suspended matter in the lakes.  相似文献   

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