STL实体模型的拓扑重建及其缺陷修复

STL文件是CAD系统与快速成型制造系统之间进行数据交换的标准格式文件，由于CAD系统在生成STL文件时使用的转换方法不当，使得由STL文件描述的实体模型有许多缺陷，要修复缺陷建立实体模型的拓扑关系是必要的。该文首先对STL实体模型进行了拓扑关系重建，然后修复了一些实体模型中常见的缺陷。     

STL rapid prototyping bio-CAD model for CT medical image segmentation

This paper presents a simple process to construct 3D rapid prototyping (RP) physical models for computer tomography (CT) medical images segmentation. The use of stereolithography (STL) triangular meshes as a basis for RP construction facilitates the simplification of the process of converting CT images to an RP model. This is achieved by constructing the STL triangular meshes directly from data points without having to draw the curve model first. The grey prediction algorithm is used to sort contour point data in each layer of the medical image. The contour difference detection operation is used to sequence the points for each layer. The 3D STL meshes are then constructed by this proposed layer-by-layer sequence meshes algorithm to build the STL file. Once this STL file is saved, a 3D physical model of the medical image can be fabricated by RP manufacturing, and its virtual reality model can also be presented for visualization. CT images of a human skull and femur bone were used as the case studies for the construction of the 3D solid model with medical images. The STL models generated using this new methodology were compared to commercial computer-aided design (CAD) models. The results of this comparative analysis show that this new methodology is statistically comparable to that of the CAD software. The results of this research are therefore clinically reliable in reconstructing 3D bio-CAD models for CT medical images.     

基于NURBS曲线的STL模型截面轮廓平滑处理技术研究

由于STL文件格式的容易生成且不需要复杂的CAD系统支持，已经发展成为快速成型制造领域数据交换的准标准；但是STL模型的精度与其数据文件的尺寸之间存在严重的矛盾，为了在较小的STL文件下得到较高的轮廓精度，本文提出了一种基于三次NURBS曲线STL模型截面轮廓的重构技术，通过设置直线阈值和转角阈值的方法，分段拟合STL截面轮廓数据，使其截面轮廓具有更好的平滑度和更高的精度。     

基于面固化的快速微成型控制算法设计

针对基于面固化的快速成型技术应用于成型微小器件,设计了一整套的成型控制算法,包括CAD输出STL格式文件、VC环境下对其加载和显示算法,对STL模型的切片算法以及切片后截面轮廓的填充算法。分析了基于该控制算法,利用数字微反射镜器件(DMD)作为动态掩模板来实现面固化成型的制作方法的误差,并与传统的点固化成型法的制作误差进行了比较。结果表明,面固化成型法能够减小误差并提高成型速度,是一种有效的快速成型方法。     

Machine path generation for the SIS process

Because of the differences in the nature of rapid prototyping (RP) processes, there is no standard machine path code for them. Each RP process, based on its characteristics and requirements, uses the standard CAD file format to extract the required data for the process. Selective inhibition of sintering (SIS) is a new layered fabrication method based on powder sintering. Like other RP systems, SIS needs a specialized machine path generator to create an appropriate machine path file. Machine path (i.e., boundary path and hatch path) should produce the printing pattern that enables the SIS machine user to easily remove the fabricated part from the surrounding material. A new machine path algorithm, which generates appropriate boundary and hatch paths for the SIS process is proposed. The new machine path generator provides the ability to process CAD models of any size and complexity, the ability for machine path verification before sending the file to the SIS machine, and the ability to fix the possible STL files disconnection errors. In this system, very large STL files can be processed in a relatively small computer memory. The system has been successfully tested on STL files as large as 200 MB. The generated path files have been used in fabrication of several parts by the SIS process.     

STL数据检验和修复

STL数据文件是快速成型最常用的数据交换文件,STL数据的错误将影响快速成型预处理的进行.本文提出一种STL数据检验和修复算法,它通过对STL数据建立拓扑关系,依据棱与面的关联度快速捕获STL数据的错误.针对不同的STL数据错误采用相应的算法,对STL数据进行有效的修复.     

基于压缩体素模型的快速成型直接切片算法*

基于STL文件模型的间接分层切片算法存在缺乏拓扑信息, 面误差诊断修复困难等问题,结合压缩表示形式的体素模型特点,提出了一种新的基于压缩体素模型直接切片分层优化算法.该算法利用Dexel模型记录的Dexel射线和物体交点所表达的物体表面点位置,通过设定分层平面厚度等参数获得截面轮廓数据,生成可直接适用于快速成型系统的共用层接口CLI文件.该算法在虚拟油泥造型系统中得到了应用,实验结果表明算法稳定、分层效果良好.     

基于2维流形的STL曲面网格重建算法

STL（stereo lithography）作为3D扫描数据和快速原型制造事实上的标准,其广泛应用于娱乐、制造业和Internet等领域.但随着3D模型越来越复杂,数据量越来越庞大,从STL文件难以快速获得完整拓扑关系以及其存在大量冗余信息的缺点,制约着STL网格模型的进一步优化处理与应用.为此,需要针对STL网格模型进行网格重建.本文针对2维流形的STL三角形曲面网格模型,提出了一种快速的网格重建方法.主要利用删除在重建过程中达到饱和的顶点,以便减少需要比对的顶点数,并结合STL文件数据的相关性来提高顶点搜索与比较的效率.对于非封闭的曲面网格,本文算法在提高曲面网格重建效率的同时,还能有效地提取曲面网格模型的边界信息.另外,重建的曲面网格数据文件大大地减少了存储空间,有效地去除了冗余数据.实验结果表明本文算法的高效性及鲁棒性.     

基于MC算法的CT序列图像快速成型文件生成方法

快速成型技术在医学领域有着广泛而重要的应用,为了从医学图像中得到快速成型文件,详细论述了MC(marchingcubes)算法生成STL文件的步骤及需要注意的问题,并将其与轮廓连接生成STL文件的方法进行比较,说明了所提方法优势及可行性。方法先对CT序列图像进行阈值分割、区域增长等图像预处理,然后用MC算法得到用三角片组成的几何模型,最后根据文件格式标准,生成STL文件,其中着重讨论了STL文件中三角面片顶点顺序如何确定这一问题。     

CAD/CAM技术在脚医学中的应用

将CAD／CAM技术与脚医学结合，研究开发脚支撑设计制造系统，包括脚底曲面数据的读取及处理，根据医疗规划完成三维脚支撑模型的构造，平衡及光滑处理，激光快速原型文件和铣削加工刀具轨迹的自动生成等。