基于Kp = S1D1U1分解的多变量鲁棒模型参考自适应控制

针对具有噪声的多变量系统, 利用高频增益矩阵K_p = S₁D₁U₁分解, 提出了一种多变量鲁棒直接型模型参考自适应控制. 通过重新证明一些同单变量系统鲁棒自适应控制理论相似的性质, 及重新定义规范化信号, 找出了闭环系统的所有信号与规范化信号之间的关系, 严格地分析了闭环系统的稳定性和鲁棒性.     

一类约化梯阵的RaRb表示

本文首先阐明线性R_aR_b变换之间的关系，并提出了算法MR_ab，再引用标准线性R_aR_b变换，证明了R_aR_b变换与算法MR_ab求解方程组的能力是等价的．然后讨论MR_ab与算法ALT之间的关系，进而说明受ALT攻击的那些有限自动机包含     

对称逻辑公式在L*4逻辑度量空间中的分布

在四值逻辑系统L*₄中引入了对称逻辑公式。运用Matla软件研究了对称逻辑公式在L*₄逻辑度量空间中的计数问题,给出了3n元、3n+1元、3n+2元对称逻辑公式的个数。证明了n元对称逻辑公式占全体n元逻辑公式的比例随n的增大而趋于零。     

混合H2/H∞鲁棒控制器设计

在状态空间描述下,定义了混合H₂/H_∞控制的完整信息、完整控制、干扰顺馈、输出估计这4种典型情况.在二次稳定意义上,讨论了混合H₂/H_∞的性能指标,及这4种典型情况的混合H₂/H_∞线性反馈控制器设计,给出了充分必要条件.在典型情况分析的基础上,研究一般意义上的混合H₂/H_∞反馈控制器设计.H₂和H_∞的干扰输入阵及性能评价函数各不相同时的混合H₂/H_∞反馈控制器,与H₂和H_∞控制器设计相似,归结为解两个Riccati方程.但这两个Riccati方程含有参数,最优解要通过搜索这两个参数得到.结果包含了单纯的H₂和H_∞设计,可看作是H₂,H_∞和混合H₂/H_∞的统一设计方法.最后通过一个简单的例子,说明了控制器设计方法的可行性.     

混合H2/H∞参数辨识

研究了混合H₂/H_∞参数辨识问题.将混合H₂/H_∞估计方法应用到系统参数辨识中,给出了混合H₂/H_∞参数辨识算法.所得的算法不仅能满足规定的鲁棒性能,且为最小二乘(LS)参数估计误差判据提供了一个最优上界.结果表明:提高辨识的鲁棒性,需要牺牲辨识的精度作为代价.最后,仿真结果也验证了该方法的有效性.     

MIMO离散时间系统混合l1/H2控制

研究了MIMO(多输入多输出)离散时间系统的混合l₁/H₂优化问题,该问题可描述为最优化一个传递函数矩阵的l₁范数同时保证另一个传递函数矩阵的H₂范数满足预定的指标.研究了最优目标函数值关于H₂范数指标的连续性.证明了MIMO系统混合l₁/H₂控制问题最优解的存在性.由于基于标定-Q(scaled-Q)方法求解MIMO混合l₁/H₂问题,避免了进行零点插值运算的困难.通过求解有限维非线性规划问题可得到最优目标值的收敛的上下界.     

时延网络化控制系统的H2/H∞混合控制

针对存在多步随机传输时延的网络化控制系统模型 ,研究了其随机稳定性及H₂/H_∞混合控制问题 .在一定的系统通信控制模式下 ,网络传输时延可以建模为一个马尔可夫随机过程 ,通过增广系统状态的方法将原系统转化为一个具有随机跳变系数的离散系统 ,同时通过建立随机跳变Lyapunov函数 ,构建了满足系统随机稳定的H_∞次优和H₂/H_∞混合控制状态反馈控制器 .该控制器可通过求解一组耦合的矩阵不等式而得 .     

基于博弈论的H2/H∞混合控制及其在汽车主动悬架中的应用

文章提出把H₂/H_∞混合控制问题抽象为两个对局者信息不完全情况下的非零和博弈模型.在构造2×2非零和博弈模型中把反映系统鲁棒性能通道和动态性能通道作为参加博弈的两方,以H_∞和H₂控制方案作为两种纯策略,基于纳什谈判解原理设计出求解H₂/H_∞混合控制问题纳什均衡点的一般算法.把该算法应用于汽车主动悬架设计出基于纳什均衡点的H₂/H_∞输出反馈控制器.使用MATLAB进行仿真,仿真结果表明主动悬架系统在保持鲁棒稳定性与获得优化的动态性能指标之间取得平衡.     

具有域极点配置的混合H2 /H∞ 滤波

解决了具有域极点配置的连续时不变系统的混合H₂ /H_∞ 滤波问题. 通过采用线性矩阵不等式 (LMI)方法描述域稳定性限制、H₂ 和H_∞ 优化, 以建立求解这个问题的总框架. 这个问题的可解性的充分必要条件由一组LMI给出. 最后用一个数字例子来说明所给出的设计方法.     

受复杂多通道通信约束的网络化系统H2/H∞滤波

多通道网络化系统中每个通道存在不尽相同的网络不确定性因素, 使得H₂/H_∞ 滤波更加困难. 对此, 提出一种受多通道通信约束的网络化系统滤波方法. 首先, 基于最大数据包错序思想解决了传感器到滤波器之间的复杂多通道通信约束的问题; 然后, 建立了更加普适的融合多通道通信约束的滤波误差动态系统模型, 证明了在已知最长网络延时和最大连续丢包数情况下, 所设计的滤波器可使系统随机稳定且满足??2/??∞ 性能指标. 仿真结果表明该方法可行且有效.

     

Characterization and humidity sensing properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 powder synthesized by metal-organic decomposition

Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃ (BNT-BKT) powder is synthesized by a metal-organic decomposition method and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A humidity sensor, which is consisted of five pairs of Ag-Pd interdigitated electrodes and an Al₂O₃ ceramic substrate, is fabricated by spin-coating the BNT-BKT powder on the substrate. Good humidity sensing properties such as high response value, short response and recovery times, and small hysteresis are observed in the sensing measurement. The impedance changes more than four orders of magnitude within the whole humidity range from 11% to 95% relative humidity (RH) at 100 Hz. The response time and recovery time are about 20 and 60 s, respectively. The maximum hysteresis is around 4% RH. The results indicate that BNT-BKT powder is of potential applications for fabricating high performance humidity sensors.     

Nanoplates of α-SnWO4 and SnW3O9 prepared via a facile hydrothermal method and their gas-sensing property

Nanoplates of α-SnWO₄ and SnW₃O₉ were selectively synthesized in large scale via a facile hydrothermal reaction method. The final products obtained were dependent on the reaction pH and the molar ratio of W⁶⁺ to Sn²⁺ in the precursors. The as-prepared nanoplates of α-SnWO₄ and SnW₃O₉ were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N₂-sorption BET surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS results showed that Sn exists in divalent form (Sn²⁺) in SnW₃O₉ as well as in α-SnWO₄. The gas-sensing performances of the as-prepared α-SnWO₄ and SnW₃O₉ toward H₂S and H₂ were investigated. The hydrothermal prepared α-SnWO₄ showed higher response toward H₂ than that prepared via a solid-state reaction due to the high specific surface area. The gas-sensing property toward H₂S as well as H₂ over SnW₃O₉ was for the first time reported. As compared to α-SnWO₄, SnW₃O₉ exhibits higher response toward H₂S and its higher response can be well explained by the existence of the multivalent W (W⁶⁺/W⁴⁺) in SnW₃O₉.     

Nanostructured spinel ZnCo2O4 for the detection of LPG

Nanostrucutred spinel ZnCo₂O₄ (∼26-30 nm) was synthesized by calcining the mixed precursor (consisting of cobalt hydroxyl carbonate and zinc hydroxyl carbonate) in air at 600 °C for 5 h. The mixed precursor was prepared through a low cost and simple co-precipitation/digestion method. The transformation of the mixed precursor into nanostructured spinel ZnCo₂O₄ upon calcinations was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). To demonstrate the potential applicability of ZnCo₂O₄ spinel in the fabrication of gas sensors, its LPG sensing characteristics were systematically investigated. The ZnCo₂O₄ spinel exhibited outstanding gas sensing characteristics such as, higher gas response (∼72-50 ppm LPG gas at 350 °C), response time (∼85-90 s), recovery time (∼75-80 s), excellent repeatability, good selectivity and relatively lower operating temperature (∼350 °C). The experimental results demonstrated that the nanostructured spinel ZnCo₂O₄ is a very promising material for the fabrication of LPG sensors with good sensing characteristics. Plausible LPG sensing mechanism is also discussed.     

Effect of La2CuO4 electrode area on potentiometric NOx sensor response and its implications on sensing mechanism

The intent of this work is to look at the effects of varying the La₂CuO₄ electrode area and the asymmetry between the sensing and counter electrode in a solid state potentiometric sensor with respect to NO_x sensitivity. NO₂ sensitivity was observed at 500-600 °C with a maximum sensitivity of ∼22 mV/decade [NO₂] observed at 500 °C for the sensor with a La₂CuO₄ electrode area of ∼30 mm². The relationship between NO₂ sensitivity and area is nearly parabolic at 500 °C, decreases linearly with increasing electrode area at 600 °C, and was a mixture of parabolic and linear behavior 550 °C. NO sensitivity varied non-linearly with electrode area with a minima (maximum sensitivity) of ∼−22 mV/decade [NO] at 450 °C for the sensor with a La₂CuO₄ electrode area of 16 mm². The behavior at 400 °C was similar to that of 450 °C, but with smaller sensitivities due to a saturation effect. At 500 °C, NO sensitivity decreases linearly with area.We also used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate the electrochemical processes that are affected when the sensing electrode area is changed. Changes in impedance with exposure to NO_x were attributed to either changes in La₂CuO₄ conductivity due to gas adsorption (high frequency impedance) or electrocatalysis occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface (total electrode impedance). NO₂ caused a decrease in high frequency impedance while NO caused an increase. In contrast, NO₂ and NO both caused a decrease in the total electrode impedance. The effect of area on both the potentiometric and impedance responses show relationships that can be explained through the mechanistic contributions included in differential electrode equilibria.     

The effect of La2CuO4 sensing electrode thickness on a potentiometric NOx sensor response

In order to further understand the different contributions to NO_x sensing mechanism as well as the importance of electrode geometry, solid state potentiometric sensors with varying La₂CuO₄ sensing electrode thicknesses were studied. These sensors (with a Pt counter electrode) showed a dependence of NO₂ sensitivity which decreased with increasing thickness in the temperature range of 550-650 °C. They also showed NO sensitivity that was independent of thickness at 400 °C and 600 °C, but varied at temperatures between. This behavior was attributed to multiple mechanistic contributions explained by Differential Electrode Equilibria.     

Sprayed CdIn2O4 thin films for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) detection

Nanocrystalline cadmium indium oxide (CdIn₂O₄) thin films of different thicknesses were deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis technique and utilized as a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensors. These CdIn₂O₄ films were characterized for their structural and morphological properties by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The dependence of the LPG response on the operating temperature, LPG concentration and CdIn₂O₄ film thickness were investigated. The results showed that the phase structure and the LPG sensing properties changes with the different thicknesses. The maximum LPG response of 46% at the operation temperature of 673 K was achieved for the CdIn₂O₄ film of thickness of 695 nm. The CdIn₂O₄ thin films exhibited good response and rapid response/recovery characteristics to LPG.     

A novel bienzyme glucose biosensor based on three-layer Au-Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite

The magnetic core-shell Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite was prepared by layer-by-layer assembly technique and was used to fabricate a novel bienzyme glucose biosensor. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were simply mixed with Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite and cross-linked on the ITO magnetism-electrode with nafion (Nf) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The modified electrode was designated as Nf-GOD-HRP/Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/ITO. The effects of some experimental variables such as the pH of supporting electrolyte, enzyme loading, the concentration of the mediator methylene blue (MB) and the applied potential were investigated. The electrochemical behavior of the biosensor was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. Under the optimized conditions, the biosensor showed a wide dynamic range for the detection of glucose with linear ranges of 0.05-1.0 mM and 1.0-8.0 mM, and the detection limit was estimated as 0.01 mM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The biosensor exhibited a rapid response, good stability and anti-interference ability. Furthermore, the biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in human serum samples, showing acceptable accuracy with the clinical method.     

Plasma enhanced-CVD of undoped and fluorine-doped Co3O4 nanosystems for novel gas sensors

Co₃O₄-based nanosystems were prepared on polycrystalline Al₂O₃ by plasma enhanced-chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD), at temperatures ranging between 200 and 400 °C. The use of two different precursors, Co(dpm)₂ (dpm = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) and Co(hfa)₂·TMEDA (hfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate; TMEDA = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) enabled the synthesis of undoped and fluorine-doped Co₃O₄ specimens, respectively. A thorough characterization of their properties was performed by glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For the first time, the gas sensing properties of such PE-CVD nanosystems were investigated in the detection of ethanol and acetone. The results show an appreciable response improvement upon doping and functional performances directly dependent on the fluorine content in the Co₃O₄ system.     

Synthesis of Bi and Gd doped ZnB2O4 for evaluation as potential materials in luminescent display applications

A series of Bi³⁺ and Gd³⁺ doped ZnB₂O₄ phosphors were synthesized with solid state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to study the structure of prepared samples. Excitation and emission spectra were recorded to investigate the luminescence properties of phosphors. The doping of Bi³⁺ or Gd³⁺ with a small amount (no more than 3 mol%) does not change the structure of prepared samples remarkably. Bi³⁺ in ZnB₂O₄ can emit intense broad-band purplish blue light peaking at 428 nm under the excitation of a broad-band peaking at 329 nm. The optimal doping concentration of Bi³⁺ is experimentally ascertained to be 0.5 mol%. The decay time of Bi³⁺ in ZnB₂O₄ changes from 0.88 to 1.69 ms. Gd³⁺ in ZnB₂O₄ can be excited with 254 nm ultraviolet light and yield intense 312 nm emission. The optimal doping concentration of Gd³⁺ is experimentally ascertained to be 5 mol%. The decay time of Gd³⁺ in ZnB₂O₄ changes from 0.42 to 1.36 ms.