图像小波系数的高斯混合模型研究

图像小波系数的统计分布具有非高斯特性，可以用高斯混合模型进行描述。提出了一种随像素自适应调整的混合高斯模型，每个系数建模为两个均值为零、方差不同的正态分布之和，利用局部贝叶斯阈值对小波系数进行分类，通过当前系数邻域窗中两类系数的信息，得到大、小方差以及有关概率的模型参数估计。将此模型应用于图像去噪，根据贝叶斯后验均值估计理论设计了Wiener滤波器。通过与三种代表性去噪算法的比较实验，表明了这种基于模型的滤波算法的有效性。     

复数小波域的高斯尺度混合模型图像降噪

由于复数小波变换具有近似平移不变性和良好的方向选择性,因此适用于图像去噪。为了取得更好的降噪效果,提出了一种基于复数小波的高斯尺度混合模型降噪算法。该算法首先对自然图像的复数小波系数建立统计模型,即将位于相邻位置和尺度的系数邻域建模为一个高斯尺度混合模型;然后用该模型对子带系数进行贝叶斯最小均方估计,以达到降低噪声的目的。由于这一模型很好地利用了复数小波系数幅值尺度间和尺度内的相关性,因此可以取得较好的降噪效果。实验结果表明,该算法无论从峰值信噪比还是从主观视觉上都优于一些传统的降噪算法。     

复小波域最大后验概率图像复原

提出了一种双树复小波变换域最大后验概率图像复原方法。该方法通过在最大后验概率图像迭代复原过程中构建噪声残差,并采用双树复小波变换零均值高斯模型对参差进行降噪处理,从而避免了原泊松最大后验概率图像复原过程中噪声放大的问题,实现了迭代复原的正则化目的。对比实验结果表明,该图像复原方法能很好解决恢复迭代中噪声放大的问题,同时,在视觉效果、PSNR、ISNR等指标上均比Wiener、Pisson-MAP等算法好。     

基于MAP准则的红外图像小波域比例萎缩降噪和增强算法

针对小波域比例萎缩降噪方法在去除噪声的同时也弱化了图像细节和边缘的缺陷,提出了具有增强效果的基于最大后验概率准则的小波域自适应降噪算法,并将之应用于红外图像降噪中。该算法在假定图像系数和噪声系数先验为高斯分布的基础上,利用最大后验概率准则计算小波系数的萎缩因子,然后在考虑尺度因素和方向能量因素的基础上对萎缩因子进行修正并将之应用于小波系数萎缩过程中,最后通过逆变换得到降噪和增强的图像。试验结果表明,在损失较小峰值信噪比值的情况下,提出的方法在增强图像细节和边缘、加大图像对比度等方面要优于直接比例萎缩,能够获得较好的视觉效果。给出的小波系数增强思想可以应用于基于其它降噪准则的比例萎缩算法中。     

基于小波域层次Markov模型的图像分割

针对两个状态的有限高斯混合模型逼近小波系数的不足和小波域隐马尔可夫树标号场相互独立的缺点,提出了一种基于小波域层次马尔可夫模型的图像分割算法,这种模型用有限通用混合模型逼近小波系数的分布,使有限高斯混合模型只是其一种特殊情况;在标号场的先验模型确定上,利用马尔可夫模型描述标号场的局部作用关系,给出标号场的具体表达式,克服了小波域马尔可夫树模型标号场相互独立的不足,然后利用贝叶斯准则,给出相应的分割因果算法。该模型不仅具有空域马尔可夫模型有效的递归算法的优点,同时具有小波域隐马尔可夫树模型中的马尔可夫参数变尺度行为。最后用真实的图像和合成图像同几种分割方法进行了对比实验,实验结果表明了本文算法的有效性和优异性。     

边缘增强型非局部模型超分辨率重建算法

针对一些超分辨率重建算法鲁棒性差、边缘保持能力有限、降噪效果不理想等不足,提出一种基于最大后验概率估计的边缘增强型非局部模型超分辨率重建算法。算法引入了非局部模型,并将图像的边缘信息加入模型系数的计算中,是对基于BTV(bilateral total variance)模型超分辨率重建和基于MRF(Markov random field)模型超分辨率重建的有效改进,提高了算法的鲁棒性、边缘保持能力和降噪能力。实验结果表明,该算法性能稳定,在信噪比较低情况下也能保持图像的边缘信息,取得比较好的重建效果。     

小波域HMT模型参数的快速估计及其在图像降噪中的应用

小波域隐马尔可夫树(Hidden Markov Tree，HMT)模型可以很好地刻画尺度内与尺度间小波系数的相关性，但模型参数的训练过程复杂，计算量大。针对这个缺点，提出了一种不经训练的HMT模型参数快速估计方法。该算法首先用一种自适应阈值将每个子带小波系数分成不同的类，然后分别对每类进行统计，这种统计是局部的，因而有很好的局部自适应性，最后模型参数可以利用这些局部的统计特性来描述。将估计出的参数模型运用到图像降噪中，实验结果表明这种快速估计的HMT参数模型不仅可以大大提高计算速度，降低计算复杂度，而且从峰值信噪比和主观视觉效果上都不逊于传统的经过迭代训练的HMT模型降噪算法。     

基于先验模型的小波图象降噪方法

本文提出了一种基于小波系数先验模型的小波降噪技术。这种模型认为整个小波系数空间由服从零均值高斯分布的局部区域组成，具有空间自适应和局部化的性质，模型的参数可以利用实际观测数据(包含噪声成分)来估计。基于估计得到的小波系数先验模型可以设计小波域上的经验Wiener滤波器，并应用到图象降噪任务中。实验结果表明，此种
种方法可以取得比较好的降噪效果。     

融合密度峰值的高斯混合模型聚类算法

针对高斯混合模型（GMM）聚类算法对初始值敏感且容易陷入局部极小值的问题,利用密度峰值（DP）算法全局搜索能力强的优势,对GMM算法的初始聚类中心进行优化,提出了一种融合DP的GMM聚类算法（DP-GMMC）。首先,基于DP算法寻找聚类中心,得到混合模型的初始参数;其次,采用最大期望（EM）算法迭代估计混合模型的参数;最后,根据贝叶斯后验概率准则实现数据点的聚类。在Iris数据集下,DP-GMMC聚类准确率可达到96.67%,与传统GMM算法相比提高了33.6个百分点,解决了对初始聚类中心依赖的问题。实验结果表明,DP-GMMC对低维数据集有较好的聚类效果。     

基于贝叶斯最大后验估计的局部自适应小波去噪

利用图像小波子带内系数的相关性，提出了一种局部自适应小波去噪方法。首先在贝叶斯最大后验概率准则下推导出基于拉普拉斯先验分布的MAP估计表达式和子带MapShrink阈值。为得到局部自适应的MapShrink阈值和去噪算法，提出将子带内的每个小波系数建模为具有不同边缘标准差的拉普拉斯分布，而边缘标准差又假设为强局部相关的随机变量，可通过邻域局部窗口进行估计。实验结果表明，与经典的子带自适应去噪算法相比较，该方法获得了明显的峰值信噪比增益，主观视觉效果也得到了改善。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate