基于稀疏表示的快速l2范数人脸识别方法

多数稀疏表示方法需要原子数目远远大于原子维数的大规模冗余字典,并采用l1-范数最小化方法来计算稀疏系数。为了降低算法复杂度,本文提出一种基于稀疏表示的快速l2-范数人脸识别方法。通过提取融合特征和缩小字典规模来改善字典结构,增强l2-范数的稀疏性,从而在保证识别性能的前提下大幅提高算法运行速度。实验表明,与其他稀疏表示方法相比,本文方法可以显著降低算法复杂度,同时可以保持良好的人脸识别率和排除干扰人脸的能力。     

基于Fisher准则字典学习的压缩感知人脸识别算法

稀疏表示人脸识别算法在字典构造时易丢失大量分类信息且L1范数最小化计算量较大.针对此问题,提出一种基于Fisher准则字典学习和最小二乘法的压缩感知人脸识别算法.该算法首先由Fisher判别准则对训练样本训练得到字典;然后通过最小二乘法解L2范数最小化问题,得到人脸在该字典上的编码系数;最后结合各类别重构误差和编码系数对人脸分类.在公共人脸库上的测试结果表明,文中算法有较高的识别率,并有效提高识别速度.     

基于2DPCA和压缩感知的人脸识别方法

提出一种基于二维主成份分析(2DPCA)和压缩感知的人脸识别方法.阐述2DPCA提取特征向量的工作原理,利用压缩感知方法求解待识别图像在足够样本下的稀疏表示.由所有训练图的特征向量构成测量矩阵,将每一幅待识别图像的特征向量作为测量值,由压缩感知中求解的L1范数极小值得到待识别图像的编码信号,根据该编码信号识别人脸图像....     

基于字典扩展的快速人脸识别算法

利用比l1-范数最小化更高效的l2-范数最小化算法,提出了一种在多种人脸数据库上整体更为准确,且比经典基于稀疏表示的人脸分类算法更高效的人脸识别算法。它在传统的训练字典中加入了一个特征矩阵,增大特征信息在字典矩阵中的比重,从而提高识别的准确性。在一系列的实验结果中得出,该人脸识别算法比现有的其他几种典型算法更加准确,而且对噪声和遮挡块的抗干扰性也更强。     

基于PCA特征基压缩传感算法的人脸识别

针对人脸识别对遮挡、表情和光照的鲁棒性问题,提出基于PCA特征基压缩传感算法的人脸识别方法。利用双向二维主成分分析提取图像行列2个方向的特征并进行降维,建立反映人脸特征投影矩阵,作为压缩传感算法的超完备基。通过求解最小化l1范数,寻求图像在该超完备基上的稀疏表示,以得到一组最优稀疏系数重构各类图像,求取测试图像与各类重构图像的最小残差进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该方法在较低的人脸特征维数下具有较高的人脸识别率,能有效提高人脸识别对遮挡、表情和光照的鲁棒性。     

稀疏表示的手掌图像识别研究

针对手掌位置、光照、采集设备等外界因素会影响掌纹图像的识别率以及传统稀疏重构的分类方法计算复杂度高的问题.提出融合双向二维主成分分析((2D)2PCA)与压缩感知的掌纹识别方法,将L1范数最小化重构算法替换成分类正交匹配追踪(COMP)算法,以降低复杂度.首先利用双向二维主成分分析对掌纹图像行列两个方向进行降维,提取特征矩阵,做为压缩感知算法的过完备字典.然后通过分类正交匹配追踪算法(COMP)求解图像在过完备字典上的稀疏表示,以得到一组最优稀疏系数重构每个图像.最后求得测试图像与各类重构图像的最小残差得出分类结果.基于北京交通大学掌纹库的实验结果表明,主成分分析与压缩感知方法可有效降低计算复杂度,对于光照不均匀和有位置变化的掌纹具有一定的鲁棒性,具有良好的掌纹识别性能,可以得到较高的掌纹识别率.     

基于L21范数的非负低秩图嵌入算法

现有的非负矩阵分解方法直接在原始高维图像数据集上计算低维表示,同时存在对噪声数据、噪声标签、不可靠图敏感及鲁棒性较差的缺点.为了解决上述问题,文中提出基于L21范数的非负低秩图嵌入算法(NLGEL21),同时考虑原始数据集的有效低秩结构和几何信息.在图嵌入和数据重构函数中引入L21范数,进一步提高鲁棒性,并给出求解NLGEL21的乘性迭代公式和收敛性证明.在ORL、CMU PIE、YaleB人脸数据库上的实验验证NLGEL21的优越性.     

一种基于L2,1范数的PCA维数约简算法

传统PCA存在对异常值和特征噪声敏感等问题,基于L2,1范数的PCA算法改进了这些缺点。现有的基于L2,1范数的PCA算法是通过降低矩阵的秩来实现维数约简,而秩的计算复杂。针对这一问题,提出一种新的维数约简算法。该算法提出利用迹范数代替矩阵的秩来简化L2,1-PCA的计算,提高算法效率;对于算法的求解提出了基于拉格朗日乘子的方法并将算法应用扩展Yale B人脸数据集进行图像去噪。可视化的实验结果表明所提出的算法有效。     

二阶收敛的光滑正则化压缩感知信号重构方法

目的压缩感知信号重构过程是求解不定线性系统稀疏解的过程。针对不定线性系统稀疏解3种求解方法不够鲁棒的问题:最小化l₀-范数属于NP问题,最小化l₁-范数的无解情况以及最小化l_p-范数的非凸问题,提出一种基于光滑正则凸优化的方法进行求解。方法为了获得全局最优解并保证算法的鲁棒性,首先,设计了全空间信号l₀-范数凸拟合函数作为优化的目标函数;其次,将n元函数优化问题转变为n个一元函数优化问题;最后,求解过程中利用快速收缩算法进行求解,使收敛速度达到二阶收敛。结果该算法无论在仿真数据集还是在真实数据集上,都取得了优于其他3种类型算法的效果。在仿真实验中,当信号维数大于150维时,该方法重构时间为其他算法的50%左右,具有快速性;在真实数据实验中,该方法重构出的信号与原始信号差的F-范数为其他算法的70%,具有良好的鲁棒性。结论本文算法为二阶收敛的凸优化算法,可确保快速收敛到全局最优解,适合处理大型数据,在信息检索、字典学习和图像压缩等领域具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

改进稀疏表示算法在人脸识别中的应用

人脸识别的主要难度在于，受到光照变化、表情变化以及遮挡的影响，会使得采集的不同人的人脸图像具有相似性。为有效解决基于稀疏表示的分类算法（Sparse Representation-based Classification，SRC）在人脸训练样本不足时会导致识别率降低和稀疏表示求解效率较低的问题，提出了基于判别性低秩分解与快速稀疏表示分类（Low Rank Recovery Fast Sparse Representation-based Classification，LRR_FSRC）的人脸识别算法。利用低秩分解理论得到低秩恢复字典以及稀疏误差字典，结合低秩分解和结构不相干理论，训练出判别性低秩类字典和稀疏误差字典，并把它们结合作为测试时所用的字典；用坐标下降法来求解稀疏系数以提高了计算效率；根据重构误差实现测试样本的分类。在YALE和ORL数据库上的实验结果表明，提出的基于LRR_FSRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和计算效率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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