一种命令式风格的面向对象语言语义框架

面向对象语言在软件工程实践中有着广泛的应用。为面向对象语言定义严格的语义有助于理解面向对象语言的本质特征,对验证软件、提高软件系统可靠性等也具有重要意义。给出了一种新的面向对象语言的语义框架,该框架基于命令式的风格,具有操作语义和类型规则;证明了该语义框架的类型安全定理。     

μC/OS-Ⅲ任务调度器在Coq中的验证

以μC/OS-Ⅲ内核中的任务调度器为研究对象,选取调度相关的核心代码,验证调度器代码满足优先调度最高优先级任务的性质。基于分离逻辑与SCAP验证理论,利用Coq辅助证明工具,通过定义机器模型、操作语义、逻辑断言以及推导规则构建验证框架。在验证框架中,定义内核数据结构和内核相关性质的逻辑描述,模块化地对内核代码进行推理。验证结果表明,μC/OS-Ⅲ任务调度器满足可靠性要求,并且可以通过机器的自动检查。     

面向篇章的框架关系预测的表示学习

框架关系可以描述框架与框架之间的语义关系，通过对篇章构建框架关系图发现图中存在孤立框架，一个篇章表达的是一个语义整体，框架间关系缺失阻碍了篇章句子之间建立联系。针对该问题，进行面向篇章的框架关系预测方法研究，分别使用WSABIE算法、Word2vec方法和TransE方法训练得到框架表示作为关系预测的输入；使用余弦相似度方法和以Hing-loss函数为优化目标的神经网络方法进行实验，并在神经网络中融入框架本身的属性信息——框架定义。实验结果验证了基于知识图谱表示学习方法(TransE方法)的优越性以及框架定义信息的有效性，提升了框架关系预测的性能。     

基于插桩和布尔逻辑的运行时程序验证框架

针对软件测试和静态程序验证中存在的连续性程序执行验证和推理问题,提出一个基于程序插桩和布尔逻辑的运行时程序验证框架——RPA。定义一种用于描述运行时程序性质和规范的动态逻辑语言RPAL,实现自动化插桩以收集运行时程序状态信息,设计一个支持高效验证的句子调度算法。实验结果表明,结合合适的谓词扩展,RPA可以有效地验证和分析软件逻辑,发现潜在的软件错误。     

一种基于活性顺序图的运行时验证研究

运行时验证是一种轻量级的形式化验证方法,使用可视化的需求规约描述语言建模需求规约场景是运行时验证领域的研究热点。针对目前基于活性顺序图的运行时验证方法中容易产生冗余性质、二值语义的验证结果不准确、基于Maude工具引擎的重写逻辑验证算法效率较低等问题,提出一种基于活性顺序图的运行时验证的改进方法,以支持现有的运行时验证技术。实验表明,改进方法验证结果准确,且验证过程开销较小。     

命题时态逻辑定理证明新方法

本文通过对近１０年命题时态逻辑定理证明方法的研究，提出了一种新的证明方法，前人的工作基于对公式的现时部分和后时部分的分解，本文的工作是基于语义反驳树构造。这种新方法为计算机自动证明命题时态逻辑定理，提供了比较好的理论框架．最后还证明了该方法的可靠性和完全性．     

基于语义网规则语言的推理机制框架设计

分析了本体描述语言OWL DL在表达能力上局限于描述逻辑的缺陷以及语义网规则语言(semantic web rule language,SWRL)的特点,在已有时本体和规则结合推理的研究基础上,提出了一个基于SWRL的推理机制框架.该框架在OWL本体中引入了规则的表示,弥补了OWLDL在推理机制上的不足,经该框架推导出的新本体在原本体的基础上增加了概念间的语义关联,将隐性知识显示化,完善了本体知识库的内容.在语义Web领域,该框架的应用能够提高本体知识的利用率.     

基于BPEL和ws-Tx的Web服务组合事务协调框架研究

针对当前Web服务事务协调框架中缺乏对服务组合流程定义的支持而需要在协调过程中手动定义业务流程的问题,提出了一种支持流程和事务语义自动抽取的服务组合事务协调框架。该框架从扩展了事务语义的业务流程执行语言(Business Process Execution Language,BPEL)中抽取协调信息,并结合Web服务事务规范(Web Services Transaction,WS-TX)所定义的协调器实现了服务组合的全局事务协调。通过将WS-TX在事务协调和BPEL在业务流程设计方面的优势相结合,该框架将业务逻辑与事务处理逻辑有效地分离。最后通过实例分析说明了该框架的可行性。     

线性逻辑式程序设计：理论与应用

线性和为一种动作逻辑，有很强的表达能力和很中构造性，线性逻辑式程序设计语言为表达操作语义，并发现规范等提供了新的工具和框架，Ｇｉｒａｒｄ对线性逻辑所作的“定义”概念的扩充对状态变迁系统中模拟和双模拟提供了证明论框架，本文论述了这方面的成果。     

基于行为逻辑的时序使用控制模型

着眼于单主体访问操作中的原子行为和时序性质,采用时序模态逻辑,提出一种基于行为的时序使用控制模型.该逻辑框架包含了与授权相关的按时间节点预定义的行为、由主客体属性和系统所表达的状态序列及状态谓词.在给出了一种策略语言后,对其语法和语义进行了形式定义,并根据使用控制(UCON)模型族的行为特性给出了控制策略.该逻辑模型不仅可以形式化描述使用控制基本原理,而且有助于准确并自动化地判定策略的可满足性,具有良好的灵活性和表达能力.     

基于三值语义的软件运行时验证方法

运行时验证技术是对传统的程序正确性保证技术如模型检验和测试的有效补充。模型检验和测试都试图验证系统的所有可能执行路径的正确性,而运行时验证关注的是系统的当前执行路径。本文提出一种基于三值语义的软件运行时验证方法,一方面该方法提供了从代码插装、系统底层信息提取到监控器生成、验证系统运行轨迹是否满足性质规约的完整的解决方案;另一方面基于三值语义的监控器有发现一条无穷运行轨迹的最小好(坏)前缀的能力,从而使得监控器能尽可能早的发现性质违背。同时,我们开发了基于三值语义的软件运行时验证原型工具并针对案例进行了分析。     

A lightweight framework for dynamic GUI data verification based on scripts

Runtime verification (RV) provides essential mechanisms to enhance software robustness and prevent malfunction. However, RV often entails complex and formal processes that could be avoided in scenarios in which only invariants or simple safety properties are verified, for example, when verifying input data in Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). This paper describes S‐DAVER, a lightweight framework aimed at supporting separate data verification in GUIs. All the verification processes are encapsulated in an independent layer and then transparently integrated into an application. The verification rules are specified in separate files and written in interpreted languages to be changed/reloaded at runtime without recompilation. Superimposed visual feedback is used to assist developers during the testing stage and to improve the experience of users during execution. S‐DAVER provides a lightweight, easy‐to‐integrate and dynamic verification framework for GUI data. It is an integral part of the development, testing and execution stages. An implementation of S‐DAVER was successfully integrated into existing open‐source applications, with promising results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于定理证明的内存安全性动态检测算法的正确性研究

随着软件运行时验证技术的发展,出现了许多面向C语言的运行时内存安全验证工具。这些工具大多是基于源代码或者中间代码插桩技术来实现内存安全的运行时检测。但是,其中一些没有经过严格证明的验证工具往往存在两方面的问题,一是插桩程序的加入可能会改变源程序的行为及语义,二是插桩程序并不能有效保证内存安全。为了解决这些问题,文中提出了一种使用Coq定理证明器来判定内存安全验证工具算法是否正确的形式化方法,并使用该方法对C语言运行时验证工具Movec的动态检测算法的正确性进行了证明。对安全规范性质的证明结果表明了Movec的内存安全性动态检测算法是正确的。     

Bringing runtime verification home: a case study on the hierarchical monitoring of smart homes using decentralized specifications

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer - We use runtime verification (RV) to check various specifications in a smart apartment. The specifications can be broken down into...     

An extension of first-order LTL with rules with application to runtime verification

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer - Linear temporal logic (LTL) is extensively used in formal methods, in particular in runtime verification (RV) and in model...     

Java-MaC: A Run-Time Assurance Approach for Java Programs

We describe Java-MaC, a prototype implementation of the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) architecture for Java programs. The MaC architecture provides assurance that the target program is running correctly with respect to a formal requirements specification by monitoring and checking the execution of the target program at run-time. MaC bridges the gap between formal verification, which ensures the correctness of a design rather than an implementation, and testing, which does not provide formal guarantees about the correctness of the system.Use of formal requirement specifications in run-time monitoring and checking is the salient aspect of the MaC architecture. MaC is a lightweight formal method solution which works as a viable complement to the current heavyweight formal methods. In addition, analysis processes of the architecture including instrumentation of the target program, monitoring, and checking are performed fully automatically without human direction, which increases the accuracy of the analysis. Another important feature of the architecture is the clear separation between monitoring implementation-dependent low-level behaviors and checking high-level behaviors, which allows the reuse of a high-level requirement specification even when the target program implementation changes. Furthermore, this separation makes the architecture modular and allows the flexibility of incorporating third party tools into the architecture. The paper presents an overview of the MaC architecture and a prototype implementation Java-MaC.     

Monitoring, Checking, and Steering of Real-Time Systems

The MaC system has been developed to provide assurance that a target program is running correctly with respect to formal requirements specification. This is achieved by monitoring and checking the execution of the target program at run-time. MaC bridges the gap between formal verification, which ensures the correctness of a design rather than an implementation, and testing, which only partially validates an implementation. One weakness of the MaC system is that it can detect property violations but cannot provide any feedback to the running system. To remedy this weakness, the MaC system has been extended with a feedback capability. The resulting system is called MaCS (Monitoring and Checking with Steering). The feedback component uses the information collected during monitoring and checking to steer the application back to a safe state after an error occurs. We present a case study where MaCS is used in a control system that keeps an inverted pendulum upright. MaCS detects faults in controllers and performs dynamic reconfiguration of the control system using steering.     

一种嵌入式操作系统运行时验证方法

作为测试、模型检验等开发阶段所用技术的有效补充,运行时验证技术越来越受到广泛的关注。然而,当前的运行时验证技术主要用于应用软件,很少专门针对操作系统进行研究。对面向嵌入式操作系统的运行时验证框架和关键技术进行了研究,并结合一个开源嵌入式操作系统FreeRTOS进行了设计与实现。首先提出了一种面向嵌入式操作系统的运行时验证和反馈调整框架,然后针对框架中的关键技术部分,完成了规约语言的设计、三值语义监控器的生成、FreeRTOS嵌入式操作系统相关接口的实现等主要工作。     

A taxonomy for classifying runtime verification tools

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer - Over the last 20 years, runtime verification (RV) has grown into a diverse and active field, which has stimulated the development...     

An event-based approach for formally verifying runtime adaptive real-time systems

Real-time and embedded systems are required to adapt their behavior and structure to runtime unpredicted changes in order to maintain their feasibility and usefulness. These systems are generally more difficult to specify and verify owning to their execution complexity. Hence, ensuring the high-level design and the early verification of system adaptation at runtime is very crucial. However, existing runtime model-based approaches for adaptive real-time and embedded systems suffer from shortcoming linked to efficiently and correctly managing the adaptive system behavior, especially that a formal verification is not allowed by modeling languages such as UML and MARTE profile. Moreover, reasoning about the correctness and the precision of high-level models is a complex task without the appropriate tool support. In this work, we propose an MDE-based framework for the specification and the verification of runtime adaptive real-time and embedded systems. Our approach stands for Event-B method to formally verify resources behavior and real-time constraints. In fact, thanks to MDE M2T transformations, our proposal translates runtime models into Event-B specifications to ensure the correctness of runtime adaptive system properties, temporal constrains and nonfunctional properties using Rodin platform. A flood prediction system case study is adopted for the validation of our proposal.