MHW蒙古文脱机手写数据库及其应用

建立公开、权威的蒙古文手写数据库是研究和开发蒙古文手写识别系统的基础。该文在蒙古文编码、构词和语法的研究基础上,公开了一个蒙古文大词汇量脱机手写数据库MHW,其中训练集由5 000个单词构成,每个词采集了20个样本,共包含10万样本,测试集Ⅰ包含5 000样本,测试集Ⅱ包含14 085样本。该文利用蒙古文文字长度可变特征研究了自动错误检测算法,提高了字库的可靠性。在三种常用手写识别模型上评估了字库的性能,其中基于循环神经网络的模型表现出最佳性能,在字典受限条件下测试集Ⅰ的词错误率达到2.20%,测试集Ⅱ达到了5.55%。     

Maximum mutual information training for an online neural predictive handwritten word recognition system

In this paper, we present a hybrid online handwriting recognition system based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). It is devoted to word recognition using large vocabularies. An adaptive segmentation of words into letters is integrated with recognition, and is at the heart of the training phase. A word-model is a left-right HMM in which each state is a predictive multilayer perceptron that performs local regression on the drawing (i.e., the written word) relying on a context of observations. A discriminative training paradigm related to maximum mutual information is used, and its potential is shown on a database of 9,781 words. Received June 19, 2000 / Revised October 16, 2000     

A Hidden Markov Models combination framework for handwriting recognition

We propose a general framework to combine multiple sequence classifiers working on different sequence representations of a given input. This framework, based on Multi-Stream Hidden Markov Models (MS-HMMs), allows the combination of multiple HMMs operating on partially asynchronous information streams. This combination may operate at different levels of modeling: from the feature level to the post-processing level. This framework is applied to on-line handwriting word recognition by combining temporal and spatial representation of the signal. Different combination schemes are compared experimentally on isolated character recognition and word recognition tasks, using the UNIPEN international database.Received: 16 August 2002, Accepted: 21 November 2002, Published online: 6 June 2003     

Ensembles of classifiers for handwritten word recognition

Handwritten text recognition is one of the most difficult problems in the field of pattern recognition. Recently, a number of classifier creation and combination methods, known as ensemble methods, have been proposed in the field of machine learning. They have shown improved recognition performance over single classifiers. In this paper the application of some of those ensemble methods in the domain of offline cursive handwritten word recognition is described. The basic word recognizers are given by hidden Markov models (HMMs). It is demonstrated through experiments that ensemble methods have the potential of improving recognition accuracy also in the domain of handwriting recognition.Received: 23 November 2001, Accepted: 19 September 2002, Published online: 6 June 2003     

Video-based signer-independent Arabic sign language recognition using hidden Markov models

Sign language in Arab World has been recently recognized and documented. There have been no serious attempts to develop a recognition system that can be used as a communication means between hearing-impaired and other people. This paper introduces the first automatic Arabic sign language (ArSL) recognition system based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). A large set of samples has been used to recognize 30 isolated words from the Standard Arabic sign language. The system operates in different modes including offline, online, signer-dependent, and signer-independent modes. Experimental results on using real ArSL data collected from deaf people demonstrate that the proposed system has high recognition rate for all modes. For signer-dependent case, the system obtains a word recognition rate of 98.13%, 96.74%, and 93.8%, on the training data in offline mode, on the test data in offline mode, and on the test data in online mode respectively. On the other hand, for signer-independent case the system obtains a word recognition rate of 94.2% and 90.6% for offline and online modes respectively. The system does not rely on the use of data gloves or other means as input devices, and it allows the deaf signers to perform gestures freely and naturally.     

Augmenting the Discrimination Power of HMM by NN for On-Line Cursive Script Recognition

For on-line handwriting recognition, a hybrid approach that combines the discrimination power of neural networks with the temporal structure of hidden Markov models is presented. Initially, all plausible letter components of an input pattern are detected by using a letter spotting technique based on hidden Markov models. A word hypothesis lattice is generated as a result of the letter spotting. All letter hypotheses in the lattice are evaluated by a neural network character recognizer in order to reinforce letter discrimination power. Then, as a new technique, an island-driven lattice search algorithm is performed to find the optimal path on the word hypothesis lattice which corresponds to the most probable word among the dictionary words. The results of this experiment suggest that the proposed framework works effectively in recognizing English cursive words. In a word recognition test, on average 88.5% word accuracy was obtained.     

An integration of online and pseudo-online information for cursive word recognition

In this paper, we present a novel method to extract stroke order independent information from online data. This information, which we term pseudo-online, conveys relevant information on the offline representation of the word. Based on this information, a combination of classification decisions from online and pseudo-online cursive word recognizers is performed to improve the recognition of online cursive words. One of the most valuable aspects of this approach with respect to similar methods that combine online and offline classifiers for word recognition is that the pseudo-online representation is similar to the online signal and, hence, word recognition is based on a single engine. Results demonstrate that the pseudo-online representation is useful as the combination of classifiers perform better than those based solely on pure online information.