基于SWMM模型的城市暴雨洪水模拟与分析

为了进行城市暴雨洪水模拟分析,以湖北省恩施市中心城区为研究区域,在河流水系分布和洪水来源分析的基础上,提出洪水分析计算方案,构建一、二维耦合SWMM模型计算典型频率(10,20,50,100年一遇)河道洪水演进和漫堤淹没过程,获得较为准确的洪水淹没范围、水深、淹没历时和洪峰到达时间等信息,并结合GIS进行洪水影响评价。结果表明,清江干流主要河段基本满足20年一遇的防洪标准,清江干流和龙洞河部分河段现状防洪能力较低。SWMM模型是一种成熟的城市雨洪径流模型,适宜于城市暴雨洪水模拟与分析应用。     

基于数字地球的洪水淹没分析及仿真研究

针对洪涝灾害中洪水淹没问题,采用现代信息技术对洪水进行淹没分析和三维仿真。基于瓦片金字塔模型生成研究区域的三维地形,在此基础上按照精度要求构建指定步长的矩形格网模型,对给定洪水水位值和洪水量已知的两种情况分别进行洪水淹没分析,提出洪水淹没仿真系统体系,采用三维仿真技术对洪水淹没进行三维仿真进行淹没过程的三维仿真。实例表明,方法具有较好的实用性,对防洪决策及洪灾后评估等具有重要意义。     

作战仿真中区域到达问题研究

区域到达是军事行动中路径规划的重要环节.研究区域到达问题对执行区域巡逻任务和预警侦察任务的飞行实体路径优化具有重要意义.为寻求最短路径,首先针对区域到达与传统路径规划的不同提出了区域到达问题,并将其分类为平面区域到达问题和椭球面区域到达问题,提出最短距离点为目标区域边界点;然后以平面几何学、白塞尔投影几何学为基础针对两种不同的区域到达问题设计了相应的最短距离点解算方法.采用两组多边目标区域分别对两种区域到达问题的解算方法进行仿真,结果表明了算法的正确性,为优化区域到达提供了依据.     

面向最大使用效益的充电站网络优化方法

我国政府目前已建成一定规模的充电站网络。针对充电站网络利用率低,存在大量冗余站点和电动汽车充电难等问题,提出了一种数据驱动的充电站网络优化方法。首先,该方法模拟电动汽车充电行为,对不同时间戳内的充电站分别建立队列系统,进而估计充电站间的到达率情况。在此基础上,分析城市电动汽车的充电行为空间特征,用于挖掘城市电动汽车的充电热点。然后,对充电站间的竞争依赖关系、地理位置特征及用户充电偏好间的相互作用进行建模,进而提出了充电站在网络中的使用效益评分函数。最后,建立了以最大化充电站网络使用效益为目标的充电站网络优化模型,并提出了基于充电热点的启发式网络扩展算法进行模型求解,从而获取最佳充电站网络布局。以一个典型的城区为例进行的实验测试结果表明,该方法不仅能在消除冗余站点的同时提高充电站利用率,而且能够识别充电站网络拥堵区域,为政府规划部门解决充电难问题提供了决策支持。     

V2X环境下主干路相邻交叉口多目标协同优化模型研究

针对城市主干路相邻交叉口之间因缺乏信息交互而不能有效协同,导致主干路运行效率较低的问题,提出一种V2X（vehicle to everything）环境下的城市主干路相邻交叉口多目标协同优化模型。以V2X技术实时获取交通量、速度特性为切入点,以交通负荷为关键参数,根据不同车道功能进行权重衡量,同时,引入舒适性和行程时间作为协同区域优化参数,以其加权量作为模型综合评价指标,进而构建城市主干路相邻交叉口多目标协同优化模型。最后,为了验证模型的有效性,通过NSGA-Ⅱ（non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ）算法对实例进行仿真,得到优化目标的Pareto前沿,分析结果表明：关键区域的综合交通负荷降低约19.9%,协同区域主干路通行的速度变化率减少约28.37%和行程时间减少约3.46%,可以有效提高城市主干路通行效率。     

基于水动力数学模型的建设项目洪水风险分析

为评价建设项目面临的洪水风险,为工程优化设计提供依据,以邹平货运铁路物流站为例,采用 MIKE21 与 MIKE11 耦合方式,建立项目区周边河网模型,分析孝妇河在 100 年一遇设计洪水情况下右堤不同位置发生漫溢或溃堤时,项目区洪水演进过程,得到新建邹平货运铁路物流站各区域淹没水深、流速、淹没历时等特征数据。根据模拟结果,孝妇河在不同位置溃堤时洪水对物流站的影响差别较大,其中,位于物流站西南侧的毛张村南侧溃口溃决时,对项目区影响最大,该工况下物流站最大淹没水深可达 0.83 m,最大流速为 0.65 m/s,淹没历时约为 1.26 d。除毛张村南侧外,其他溃口溃决或漫溢对项目区淹没风险较小。根据模拟结果,本研究有针对性的提出减轻或消除洪水影响的措施,可为类似项目洪水风险分析提供一定的参考。     

改进AHP-GA算法的多目标配送路径优化

为准确优化快递配送路径,建立了基于时间窗的快递配送路径优化的数学模型.提出改进AHP-GA算法对多目标配送车辆路径进行优化,利用中位数层次分析算法对多个子目标进行权重系数配比,避免了极端值的影响,从而将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题.通过简单的自然数对车辆路径进行编码,避免了路径重复.考虑了客户对车辆到达时间窗要求,包括车辆在约定时间之前到达获得的机会成本、在约定时间之后到达的罚金成本.最后,本文以1个配送中心,20个服务客户为例,对构建的数学模型通过分别使用传统的GA算法和使用改进AHP-GA算法进行优化,仿真结果表明,利用改进AHP-GA算法进行多目标配送路径优化,可以更加高效地求得问题的最优解.     

基于SOBEK的江阴市城区洪水风险图编制研究

江阴市经济高度发达,但处于太湖流域平原河网特殊的地理位置和城市格局使得江阴市区面临外洪与内涝的双重夹击,江阴市城区具备良好的试点条件。借助 SOBEK 模型,构建集成流域水网和城市管网及地面 2D 漫流模型,进行流域层面洪水分析及区域层面内涝分析,评估江阴市城区潜在的外洪内涝风险,绘制城市级别的精细化的洪水淹没风险图。洪水风险图的绘制为防洪工程规划设计、防汛抢险应急预案的编制等提供科学的决策依据。     

产品开发方案优化的模糊机会约束规划模型及求解

为解决项目网络计划中产品开发方案的时间、成本、质量的不确定优化问题,在模糊机会约束规划的框架下分别建立了基于关键路线的项目周期优化模型、基于资源使用的项目周期-成本优化模型和基于质量功能展开(QFD)的产品周期-质量优化模型,在此基础上构建了项目周期-成本-质量多目标优化模型;在使用模糊模拟技术处理3个目标函数约束的过程中,构建了一个基于遗憾度的适应度函数,然后利用离散微粒群算法对多目标优化模型进行求解.最后,以滚珠丝杆副产品开发项目的方案优化为例验证了文中模型的合理性和算法的有效性;实验结果表明,周期-成本-质量多目标优化模型的求解得到的方案能够取得时间、成本和质量的平衡优化,为产品开发项目的规划提供了定量、可靠的决策依据.     

基于区域协同的公交发车时刻表模型*

为提高城市公共交通系统的效率,对基于区域协同的公交发车时刻表问题进行了研究。综合考虑公交内部线路间的换乘衔接,以乘客在区域内的总换乘时间最小为优化目标,建立区域协同发车时刻表模型,针对模型特点,提出了求解该问题的改进遗传算法。在选择适当参数的基础上,通过算例验证了该模型及算法的合理性和有效性。     

Assessing Ideational and Evaluative Skills and Creative Styles and Attitudes

This article describes the rationale for the multiphase creative problem solving process, and reports the findings from an empirical investigation conducted to facilitate the problem solving of managers. The ideational skills of the managers were assessed before and after training in a complete process of creative problem solving, along with their ideational attitudes, creative problem solving style (i.e., generator, conceptualizer, optimizer, or implementor), and evaluative skill (i.e., ability to recognize original ideas). The most important findings indicated that the training had a significant impact on the evaluative accuracy of the managers. They were significantly more accurate in their judgments about original ideas after training, both in their identification of original ideas and their recognition of unoriginal ideas. After training, the managers also gave more solutions and more original solutions to problems. Finally, several variables (e.g., the “preference for active divergence” attitude, and the conceptualizer process style) seemed to moderate the impact of training. Training was therefore effective, with specific effects that can be predicted from pre-training individual differences in attitudes and process style.     

Semantics and verification of monitors and systems of monitors and processes

In this paper we present a sound and complete semantics for the monitor concept of C.A.R. Hoare. First a method for specification of monitors, introduced by O.-J. Dahl, is reviewed. This method is based on the relation between the historic sequence of monitor procedure calls and the historic sequence of monitor procedure exits. Based on such specifications and our new monitor semantics we present a method by which it is possible to prove that a concrete monitor is an implementation of an abstract one. In the last part of the paper an axiomatic semantics for systems of concurrent processes and monitors is introduced. The method supports verification by separation of concerns: Properties of the communication to and from each process are proven in isolation by a usual Hoare style axiomatic semantics, while abstract monitors are also specified in isolation by the method reviewed in the first part of the paper. These properties of the components of the system are then used in a new proof rule to conclude properties of the complete system. Stein Gjessing received a Ph.D. (actually a Dr. philos.) from the University of Oslo (Norway) in 1985. Presently he is an Associate Professor at the Institute of informatics, University of Oslo, Norway. Dr. Gjessings research interests are in the area of concurrent and distributed programming, operating systems, formal specification and verification and programming languages.     

高等院校行政分析与决策系统的设计与实现

为提高高等院校的管理水平和决策水平,充分利用校园网资 源,开发了高等院校行政财政分析与决策系统。解决了诸如数据的动态查询、自动生成报表 、网络环境下数据共享等技术问题,具有网上数据共享、图形界面友好和安全的保密措施等 特点。     

Integrating and automating analysis and optimization

The development of an interface coupling program on personal computers for an analysis software system such as ANSYS, SAP, etc. and an optimization software system, MOST, is presented. By controlling and directing the communications the interface coupler integrates the two programs while retaining their versatility and interactive features. The integrated system is used to solve a numerical example of active noise control for a three-dimensional enclosure, in which an energy density level of control points is minimized by adding the sound source to cancel the unwanted noise. The interface coupling program automates with relatively low cost the iterative process for designing an engineering system, remaining flexible in acoustical modelling and efficient in equation solving. Also, the coupling interface is developed in a general-purpose way so that it can be expanded easily to integrate more analysis software packages of different kinds.     

Stochastic balancing and approximation-stability and minimality

A new method of stochastic model reduction has recently been introduced by Desai et al. [1], [2]. The stability of the reduced order model has not previously, been considered. In this paper, we show that the stability of the reduced order model follows directly from the results of Pernebo and Silverman [3]. It is also shown that the reduced order model is minimal, in the controllability/observability sense. The relevance of this notion of minimality to stochastic minimality is made clear.