New XML-Based Files Implications for Forensics

Two new office document file formats (Office Open XML and OpenDocument Format) make it easier to glean time stamps and unique document identifiers while also improving opportunities for file carving and data recovery.     

通过开放Open Xml快速生成Excel报表

Office 2007采用了基于XML的文件格式,新的文件格式,称为Office Open XML格式。这使得Office(主要是Excel2007、Word2007、PowerPoint2007)文档由封闭转为开放,不再是只有微软内部才了解Office文挡的文件格式。按照格式规范,你可以在不同的操作系统,不同的开发环境,没有安装Office的情况下,采用多种方式来读写Office文档中的内容。本文介绍如何利用Office Open XML快速生成Excel2007报表。     

Standards-Based Computing Capabilities for Distributed Geospatial Applications

Researchers face increasingly large repositories of geospatial data stored in different locations and in various formats. To address this problem, the Open Geospatial Consortium and the Open Grid Forum are collaborating to develop standards for distributed geospatial computing.     

An approach to accessing product data across system and software revisions

Long-term users of engineering product data are hampered by the ephemeral nature of CAD file formats and the applications that work with them. STEP, the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (ISO 10303), promises to help with meeting this challenge, but is not without problems of its own. We present a complementary solution based on the use of lightweight file formats to preserve specific aspects of the product data, in conjunction with a registry of relevant representation information as defined by the Open Archival Information System Reference Model (ISO 14721). This registry is used to identify suitable destination file formats for different purposes, and provides a resource to aid in the recovery of information from these formats in the future.     

一种基于VBA的通用Office文档转换方法

对于微软的办公软件Office平台的各种文件系统的相互转换不仅有理论价值，而且有其现实意义，如Word和普通文本文件，Word和Excel，Word和PowerPoint文件之间的格式和内容的转换，Office文档和HTML格式的转换都很重要，这里给出一种通用的转换软件开发方法，可以使一般的用户开发出自己需要的文件转换工具。     

基于Shark引擎的工作流系统的研究

在工作流技术广泛应用于办公自动化系统的今天,通过分析工作流系统和开源工作流引擎Shark的特点,并给出了利用开Shark来开发工作流系统的技术方案和实现的关键技术。     

An objective definition of open standards

There is much debate among IT executives and policy-makers as to whether Open Standards, Open Source, and/or something else, are necessary and sufficient to ensure that their software procurements add long-term value to their IT systems. However, a lack of definition of Open Standards makes debate on their meaning, let alone their merits, challenging. This lack of objective definition provides a convenient loophole for vendors to make claims which sound good in theory while protecting bad practices. Given the size of the world-wide software market, and the significant investment that it therefore represents, it is time to define what the software industry (vendors, customers, and users) all claim to want: Open Standards.This paper defines the lower limit of what can be called an Open Standard and then defines a framework for grading Open Standards that exceed that minimum. This framework is then extended to the subject of file formats.This paper does not take the position that Open Source is intrinsically good, nor that Open Source in and of itself is a de facto Open Standard. But it does evaluate the role that Open Source can play to make a good Open Standard better, and argues forcefully that Open Standards without Open Source implementations offer little protection from vendor lock-in.     

Application Portability Profile (APP)—The US government's Open System Environment profile OSE/1 version 2.0

Federal information systems initially developed from isolated islands of computing. Through progressive changes, these individual systems became connected by common users and common information needs. These systems are now well on the way to migrating toward computing environments that consist of distributed, heterogeneous, networked applications, databases, and hardware. The concept of a Federal computing environment that is built on an infrastructure defined by open, consensus-based standards is well on its way to becoming a de facto means of organizing these systems. Such an infrastructure is called an Open System Environment (OSE).

An Open System Environment encompasses the functionality needed to provide interoperability, portability, and scalability of computerized applications across networks of heterogeneous, multi-vendor hardware/software/communications platforms. The OSE forms an extensible framework that allows services, interfaces, protocols, and supporting data formats to be defined in terms of nonproprietary specifications that evolve through open (public), consensus-based forums.

A selected suite of specifications that defines the interfaces, services, protocols, and data formats for a particular class or domain of applications is called a profile. The Application Portability Profile (APP) integrates industry.     

Short Web-based versions of the perceived stress (PSS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD) Scales: a comparison to pencil and paper responses among Internet users

This study reports results from a format comparison between Web-based and pencil and paper questionnaires measuring two well-validated measures of psychological distress among 530 frequent Internet users studying at an on-line University (Open University of Catalonia, UOC). A four-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and a seven-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CESD) were randomly administered in Web-based and pencil and paper format. Internal consistency analyses showed that these two brief versions were reliable for on-line assessment. Also, no differences in Cronbach αs were found between formats. Exploratory as well as multigroup factor analysis techniques showed that factor structures were invariant across formats. Overall, results revealed that respondents did not bias their responses in the Web-based condition. As these findings suggest, when familiarity with technology is high among respondents and sample procedures are followed to maximize control for potential participants, Web-based and paper and pencil formats are virtually equivalent, as in the two brief measures of psychological distress used in this study.     

Digital Forensics

This issue is one of a pair of coordinated special issues on digital forensics by IEEE Security & Privacy and IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. S&P's special issue has articles debating the effectiveness of forensics, on capturing live forensics analysis of computers, on the new Microsoft Office file formats and their implications on forensics, on licensing issues for digital forensics investigators, and finally a review article on the use of hashing in forensics.     

独立式一拖四指纹门锁控制机的设计

本文设计了一种利用人的指纹来控制打开门锁的门禁机，只要手指一按，即可开门，免去了传统的机械钥匙的烦恼。利用单片机来统一控制一个指纹模块、四个电控锁，从而达到一拖四的目的，减少成本。该机主要应用于办公室、酒店、证券部等场所。     

基于GDAL开源库的流域地貌特征提取

GDAL是一个在X/MT许可协议下读写栅格、矢量空间数据的开源库,针对水文学上流域地貌特征提取研究中与栅格、矢量数据的频繁交互,引入GDAL地理空间开源库。分析GDAL模型库结构,空间数据打开、读写及转换等数据交互常用接口,在底层将上述接口与地貌参数提取算法无缝耦合。在.Net平台上,利用轻型SharpMap开源空间数据渲染控件作为显示窗体,开发独立地貌参数提取应用程序;在ArcGIS平台上通过ArcPy脚本语言包搭建地貌参数提取工具箱,通过图解建模工具可以将其中的工具与ArcGIS相关工具进行组合,构建一键地貌提取模型,为流域地貌特征的提取计算提供一条简便实用的技术路径。     

A generic approach of integrating 3D models into virtual manufacturing

Various 3D modeling software has been developed for design and manufacturing.Most of the commercially available software uses native file formats,which may not be able to be read or understood by other software.This paper deals with the development of a generic approach of a 3D model conversion program for virtual manufacturing(VM),using a lexical analyzer generator Lex and the Open Graphic Library(OpenGL).The program is able to convert 3D mesh data between four universal file formats,i.e.,Stereolithography(STL),Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML),eXtensible Markup Language(XML),and Object(OBJ).Simple assembly functions can be applied to the imported models.The quaternion angle is used for object rotation to overcome the problem of gimbal lock or a loss of one degree of rotational freedom.The program has been validated by importing the neutral format models into the program,applying the transformation,saving the new models with a new coordinate system,and lastly exporting into other commercial software.The results showed that the program is able to render and re-arrange accurately the geometry data from the different universal file formats and that it can be used in VM.Therefore,the output models from a VM system can be transferred or imported to another VM system in a universal file format.     

PowerForms: Declarative client-side form field validation

All uses of HTML forms may benefit from validation of the specified input field values. Simple validation matches individual values against specified formats, while more advanced validation may involve interdependencies of form fields. There is currently no standard for specifying or implementing such validation. Today, CGI programmers often use Perl libraries for simple server-side validation or program customized JavaScript solutions for client-side validation. We present PowerForms, which is an add-on to HTML forms that allows a purely declarative specification of input formats and sophisticated interdependencies of form fields. While our work may be seen as inspiration for a future extension of HTML, it is also available for CGI programmers today through a preprocessor that translates a PowerForms document into a combination of standard HTML and JavaScript that works on all combinations of platforms and browsers. The definitions of PowerForms formats are syntactically disjoint from the form itself, which allows a modular development where the form is perhaps automatically generated by other tools and the formats and interdependencies are added separately. PowerForms has a clean semantics defined through a fixed-point process that resolves the interdependencies between all field values. Text fields are equipped with status icons (by default traffic lights) that continuously reflect the validity of the text that has been entered so far, thus providing immediate feed-back for the user. For other GUI components the available options are dynamically filtered to present only the allowed values. PowerForms are integrated into the system for generating interactive Web services, but is also freely available in an Open Source distribution as a stand-alone package.     

“标文通”与OOXML电子表格文档格式的比较与转换

通过在标文通电子表格文档格式的基础上提炼出的电子表格文档结构模型,较系统地介绍了标文通和Office Open XML Format两种文档格式的描述结构及其存在的差异。综合功能和描述方式两方面,提出了包括预处理和主转换的两段式文档格式转换的基本方法。并通过构建转换器,实现了两种文档格式之间转换。该项研究对于文档信息共享和标文通国家标准的推广实施有重要意义。     

基于网格技术的WebGIS的研究

结合当前的网格技术,借鉴OGSA(Open Grid Services Architecture) 系结构,给出了一个基于网格技术的WebGIS体系结构模型,该模型包括资源层、网格中间件、服务层和应用层,详细论述了四层的结构和功能,并对GML共享技术、网格中间件和网格服务等关键技术进行了分析.实现了分布异构环境下不同格式空间信息的互操作,有利于WebGIS产品的多元化集成.     

The design of the VERS encapsulated object experience with an archival information package

In this paper, the information package (IP) used within the Victorian Electronic Records Strategy (VERS) is described. The VERS IP was designed in 1999 to support the long-term preservation of digital information and has been implemented in government agencies and it is the basis of the Public Record Office Victoria's digital archive. Its key feature is the use of a self-documenting encapsulation. The encapsulation binds the content information to be preserved and its metadata into a single object that can survive independently of an archival system. The self-documentation ensures that the content can be manually extracted from the encapsulation using only the simplest tools. The VERS IP is compared with the IP defined in the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) and the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS).     

A Web Map Service implementation for the visualization of multidimensional gridded environmental data

We describe ncWMS, an implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium's Web Map Service (WMS) specification for multidimensional gridded environmental data. ncWMS can read data in a large number of common scientific data formats – notably the NetCDF format with the Climate and Forecast conventions – then efficiently generate map imagery in thousands of different coordinate reference systems. It is designed to require minimal configuration from the system administrator and, when used in conjunction with a suitable client tool, provides end users with an interactive means for visualizing data without the need to download large files or interpret complex metadata. It is also used as a “bridging” tool providing interoperability between the environmental science community and users of geographic information systems. ncWMS implements a number of extensions to the WMS standard in order to fulfil some common scientific requirements, including the ability to generate plots representing timeseries and vertical sections. We discuss these extensions and their impact upon present and future interoperability. We discuss the conceptual mapping between the WMS data model and the data models used by gridded data formats, highlighting areas in which the mapping is incomplete or ambiguous. We discuss the architecture of the system and particular technical innovations of note, including the algorithms used for fast data reading and image generation. ncWMS has been widely adopted within the environmental data community and we discuss some of the ways in which the software is integrated within data infrastructures and portals.