基于C/S关系的实时系统构件交互规约

给出了基于构件的实时多任务应用系统图形化设计软件的构件接口定义。为解决基于构件的分布式C/S关系的实时软件构件的重用及装配问题,提出了构件相互交互的文本描述语言语法语义规约,其主要刻画了分布式实时构件之间的交互协议及其实时特性。     

实时系统构件非功能性接口语义规约

该文给出了基于构件的实时多任务应用系统图形化设计软件的具有分布式C/S关系实时构件的接口定义,主要论述实时构件非功能性接口模型,针对实时特性,提出构件的非功能性接口在时间性、调度性、合成性、同步、互斥以及资源设备控制方面的语义规约。     

基于XML的实时系统构件规约

给出了基于XML描述的实时多任务应用系统图形化设计软件的构件接口语义规约。在基于刻面描述的实时软构件的基础上引入XML Schema技术,全面描述了实时构件的静态属性和接口行为,以方便构件在Web中进行信息交换与处理,方便系统之间的互操作。     

基于即时验证的软件验证工具改进设计与实现

基于设计模型的分析技术是现代复杂嵌入式软件系统高可靠性的重要保障手段.基于即时验证(On-the-flyverification)方法对一个构件化嵌入式软件设计模型原型验证工具T-CBESD进行了改进设计与实现.集成Topcased和JFLAP扩展了T-CBESD图形化建模接口;设计并实现了相关输入处理与转换;重新设计并实现了状态空间数据结构,包括功能、非功能行为(实时、资源、能耗等)验证问题在内的多个基于路径的一致性即时验证算法.给出了改进工具在火灾预警系统中的应用实例与分析.     

基于即时验证的软件验证工具改进设计与实现

基于设计模型的分析技术是现代复杂嵌入式软件系统高可靠性的重要保障手段。基于即时验证(On thcfly verification)方法对一个构件化嵌入式软件设计模型原型验证工具T-CI3ES1)进行了改进设计与实现。集成Topcased 和JE工AP扩展了手C13ESD图形化建模接口;设计并实现了相关输入处理与转换;重新设计并实现了状态空间数据结 构,包括功能、非功能行为(实时、资源、能耗等)验证问题在内的多个基于路径的一致性即时验证算法。给出了改进工 具在火灾预警系统中的应用实例与分析。     

TCBV:一种构件时序行为建模与相容性验证工具

利用形式化方法对复杂实时构件系统的时序行为进行建模与验证对于提高安全攸关实时构件系统的正确性、可靠性与安全性具有重要意义。介绍了基于时间行为协议的构件时序行为的形式化建模和相容性验证方法,给出了时间行为协议建模与相容性验证工具TCBV的系统架构与功能模块。TCBV应用方便,能够实现实时构件时序行为模型的图形化表示,并可对复杂交互行为的相容性进行自动验证。结合应用实例,介绍了如何利用TCBV对复杂实时构件系统的时序行为进行建模和验证。最后,将TCBV与其它相关工具进行了比较。     

传统汉字图形化设计探析

汉字设计是平面设计的重要组成部分,汉字图形化是汉字设计的一种形式。我国传统的汉字图形化设计几乎与汉字有着同样悠久的发展历史。传统汉字图形化的题材和手法多种多样,应用形式也丰富多彩,为现代汉字设计承载中国文化精神提供了传统依据。本文重点对我国传统的文字图形化形式进行分析和总结,希望为当今设计者带来新的启示。     

构件组装实时系统行为相容性测试用例产生

虽然构件技术在软件开发过程中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但是实时系统是一类设计、实现和验证工作都相当复杂的系统,其构件化远比普通软件复杂,组装仍有许多困难。分析了常见的组装相容性错误,提出了一种实时系统的构件组装行为相容性测试用例产生方法。首先对时间自动机进行扩展,给出了描述实时构件的模型;然后定义了相容性覆盖标准,并把构件行为相容性测试用例生成转化为可被模型检验支持的可达性分析,同时给出了算法;最后用一个实例展示了该方法的具体使用。     

基于场景构件式实时软件设计的一致性检验

在复杂的实时软件系统中使用构件式设计方法,已成为目前软件工程中的研究热点.如何有效地验证实时软件的设计是否满足给定的时间规约,是实时计算领域中的主要挑战之一.通过在接口自动机模型中添加时间区间标记,来扩展其对实时系统接口行为的表达能力;使用实时接口自动机网络来描述实时软件系统的构件式设计模型;使用带布尔不等式时间约束的UML顺序图表示基于场景的需求规约,对系统设计阶段实时软件构件的动态行为进行形式化分析与检验.通过对实时接口自动机网络状态空间的分析,构造了其可兼容的整型状态等价类空间的可达图,并在此基础上给出了验证算法,以检验构件式实时软件系统的设计与带时间约束的场景式规约之间的一致性.     

新的构件复用方法

构件对象模型(COM)所支持的构件包容和聚合两种复用模式都是基于构件消费者的立场,不利于构件自身的演化和关注点分离.提出了一种新的构件复用方法:为了便于构件自身的演化,派生类直接复用基类中的接口和事件,重载基类虚接口中的方法,在此基础上定义新的接口和事件;将终端用户可见的领域特征分离出来封装为良定义的构件,以便编译或运行时被绑定到其他的构件对象中.给出了在中间件平台上的设计和实现方法.手机软件项目实践表明新方法提高了软件产品质量和开发效率.     

Visual sensitivities of dynamic graphical displays

Advanced display design, such as Ecological Interface Design (EID), makes extensive use of complex graphical objects. Research has shown that by following EID methodologies, supervisory operators have better performance with the EID displays than with non-EID displays. However, the effect of particular dynamic graphical objects seen in EID displays has never been studied. In this study, we examined how different visual features of graphical objects affect the performance of the objects. We used a modified dynamic just noticeable difference task to investigate the graphical objects that show changes most sensitively. We also investigated the sensitivities of graphical objects in determining target levels, directional changes, and proportions. A commercial EID design company generated the graphical objects examined. We had subjects perform four tasks with graphical objects that varied in their visual features but were still representative of objects currently being used in ecological design. It was found that for simple dynamic objects such as bars and polygon objects, a line changing in angle was the most noticeable emergent feature to show a departure from “normal” state. For complex graphical objects, those target-indicator displays that mimic a “bull's eye” when at the target value should be used for displays that show observers when a target value has been reached. Abrupt changes in shape should be used in trend meters to show when variables or processes have changed direction. Finally, “solid objects” that make use of vertical lines and shading should be used for comparison meters that compare two values and keep them in a particular ratio. The findings provide guidance for designers of dynamic advanced graphical displays by encouraging the consideration of visual aspects of graphical objects, as well as prescribing graphical objects that should be used in the types of tasks investigated.     

New Object-Oriented PROGRES for Specifying the Conceptual Design Tool GraCAD

This paper deals with the application of graph transformations for the specification of conceptual design tools. We show how the graph rewriting system PROGRES is used for specifying the graph part of the conceptual method for architects in which functional requirements of the building to be designed are elicited by means of graph structures. The consistency of the specified requirements and whether a design matches those requirements is verified with graph constraint checkers. We consider how the new object-oriented extensions of the PROGRES language, i.e. packages and node objects with redefinable methods can be used to achieve the required constraint monitoring and preserving functions in the form of graph checker objects. The prototype for our method, called GraCAD, is created with UPGRADE - the recently developed Java framework for developing visual applications based on a PROGRES specification, and the commercial system for architects ArchiCAD.     

A Semantics-based Approach for the Design and Implementation of Interaction Objects

Although tools for developing graphical user interfaces are becoming increasingly popular, they do not usually highlight precisely which key elements developers should take into account. This still entails considerable expertise in developing user interfaces. In this paper we present an approach to overcome these problems. Our approach is based on a model for interaction objects and a corresponding design space. This is supported by a toolkit where the available interaction objects are initially classified by their semantics whereas in most current toolkits they are investigated by their appearance. This facilitates designers and developers in identifying the interactors needed in order to obtain an Interactive System supporting user tasks.     

How novices design business processes

Process modeling is an important design practice in organizational improvement projects. In this paper, we examine the design of business process diagrams in contexts where novice analysts only have basic design tools such as paper and pencils available, and little to no understanding of formalized modeling approaches. Based on a quasi-experimental study with 89 BPM students, we identify five distinct process design archetypes ranging from textual to hybrid and graphical representation forms. We examine the quality of the designs and identify which representation formats enable an analyst to articulate business rules, states, events, activities, temporal and geospatial information in a process model. We found that the quality of the process designs decreases with the increased use of graphics and that hybrid designs featuring appropriate text labels and abstract graphical forms appear well-suited to describe business processes. We further examine how process design preferences predict formalized process modeling ability. Our research has implications for practical process design work in industry as well as for academic curricula on process design.     

Environment for rapidly creating interactive design tools

The Garnet toolkit was specifically designed to make highly interactive graphical programs easier to design and implement. Visual, interactive, user-interface design tools clearly fall into this category. At this point, we have used the Garnet toolkit to create three different interactive design tools: Gilt, a simple interface builder for laying out widgets; Lapidary, a sophisticated design tool for constructing application-specific graphics and custom widgets; and C32, a spreadsheet interface to constraints. The features of the Garnet toolkit that made these easier to create include use of a prototype-instance object system instead of the usual class-instance model, integration of constraints with the object system, graphics model that supports automatic graphical update and saving to disk of on-screen objects, separation of specifying the graphics of objects from their behavior, automatic layout of graphical objects in a variety of styles, and a widget set that supports such commonly used operations as selection, moving and growing objects, and displaying and setting their properties.     

A form verification system for the conceptual design of complex mechanical systems

This paper presents a summary of research into the development and implementation of a domain-independent, computer-based model for the conceptual design of complex mechanical systems [1]. The creation of such a design model includes the integration of four major concepts: (1) the use of a graphical display for visualizing the conceptual design attributes: (2) the proper representation of the complex data and diverse knowledge reguired to design the system; (3) the integration of quality design methods into the conceptual design: (4) the modeling of the conceptual design process as a mapping between functions and forms. Using the design of an automobile as a case study, a design environment was created which consisted of a distributed problem-solving paradigm and a parametric graphical display. The requirements of the design problem with respect to data representation and design processing were evaluated and a process model was specified. The resulting vehicle design system consists of a tight integration between a blackboard system and a parametric design system. The completed system allows a designer to view graphical representations of the candidate conceptual designs that the blackhoard system generates.     

旅游观光区双向交流图标设计研究——以大连星海湾景区为例

双向交流图标是视觉传达界面的一个重要组成部分,是介于用户与计算机图形图像交互界面之间的一个载体,它为界面设计者和使用者提供了一种可以相互理解与交流的语言。文章将以大连市星海湾景区为例,设计一套基于符号学和设计心理学研究的双向交流图标．目的是让外国游客或语言障碍游客可以通过本套双向交流国标轻松的接收旅游观光区的服务信息以及反馈,使用户与图形图像交互界面之间信息交流方式更加的科学、合理化。     

A Classification Framework to Support the Design of Visual Languages

An important step in the design of visual languages is the specification of the graphical objects and the composition rules for constructing feasible visual sentences. The presence of different typologies of visual languages, each with specific graphical and structural characteristics, yields the need to have models and tools that unify the design steps for different types of visual languages. To this aim, in this paper we present a formal framework of visual language classes. Each class characterizes a family of visual languages based upon the nature of their graphical objects and composition rules. The framework has been embedded in the Visual Language Compiler–Compiler (VLCC), a graphical system for the automatic generation of visual programming environments.     

Mathematical Graphical Object Representation1

This paper presents the design and implementation of a software package, which takes advantage of the capability to represent and animate 3D and multimedia objects of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language and the symbolic capability of a Computer Algebra System such as Maple, in order to represent mathematical graphical objects on the Web.