自适应神经模糊推理结合PID控制的并联机器人控制方法

针对6自由度液压驱动并联机器人的精确控制问题,提出一种结合自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)和比例积分微分(PID)控制的机器人控制方法。首先,利用浮动坐标系描述法(FFRF)来模拟机器人柔性组件,并构建并联机器人的拉格朗日动力学模型。然后,根据模糊推理中的模糊规则来自适应调整PID控制器参数。最后,利用神经自适应学习算法使模糊逻辑能计算隶属度函数参数,从而使模糊推理系统能追踪给定的输入和输出数据。将该控制器与传统PID控制器、模糊PID控制器进行比较,结果表明,ANFIS自整定PID控制器大大减小了末端器位移误差,能很好的控制并联机器人末端机械手的运动。     

微光机电陀螺微致动器设计与有限元分析

提出了一种锆钛酸铅(PZT)薄膜微致动器的结构模型。该致动器采用高d33特性的压电陶瓷材料,用于对空间谐振式微光机电(MOEMS)陀螺微镜进行位移和角度的精确定位。建立了该致动器的简化模型并利用有限元方法分析其驱动能力。结果显示,当采用双层结构的PZT薄膜微致动器时,在外加电压50V作用下,环形PZT位移控制器中心位移可达到0.345μm;十字形角度控制器偏转角度可达3.29″,增加PZT薄膜的层数可以进一步增加致动器对微镜位移和角度的控制能力。通过对仿真结果进行分析可以得出结论,选用多层PZT薄膜材料制成的微致动器能够满足调整微镜位移和角度所需的范围和精度要求。     

Cymbal型复合压电作动器微进给技术研究

针对普通压电作动器行程较短的缺点,提出一种具有Cymbal结构的复合压电陶瓷作动器的结构设计。通过将压电陶瓷微小的径向位移放大,转换成轴向位移,扩大了作动器的行程。在作动器控制系统设计中,一方面在硬件结构设计中引入了高精度的位移传感器闭环反馈系统,另一方面通过对作动器的输出进行软件补偿的方法,消除了Cymbal型复合压电作动器自身存在的输出磁滞性和非线性的缺点,大幅度提高了系统的开环控制特性,实现了对作动器的高精度控制。实验结果证明系统设计有效。     

车身顶棚振动独立模态控制研究

针对乘用车结构振动和噪声问题,对嵌入压电传感器和致动器的汽车顶棚进行了振动主动控制研究;对压电平板进行数学建模,通过有限元分析某国产乘用车车身顶棚模态振型,合理选择传感器和致动器增益,作为最小化振动响应这一目标函数的参数;控制器的设计应用了独立模态空间控制法,将压电传感器和致动器及独立模态空间控制法(IMSC)组成的控制系统应用于汽车顶棚振动主动控制,实验结果表明,即使当控制回路被电磁噪声干扰时,控制前后系统的振级相差可达到30%左右,取得了有效的振动抑制效果。     

压电驱动器的免疫PID控制技术研究

针对压电驱动器的伺服控制问题,提出了一种基于生物免疫反馈调节规律的PID控制算法;对于具有非线性滞环特性的压电驱动器,采用线性PID控制器难以达到理想的控制效果;如果借助于生物免疫反馈调节规律来自动整定PID控制器的参数,就有可能使压电驱动器的阶跃响应无振荡现象发生并具有较好的鲁棒性;试验结果表明,与传统的压电驱动器PID控制系统比较,应用免疫PID控制算法可以使伺服系统获得更好的动态特性。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的压电陶瓷作动器内模控制

针对率相关迟滞特性对压电陶瓷作动器的影响,研究了基于最小二乘支持向量机的内模控制策略。首先采用最小二乘支持向量机对压电陶瓷作动器进行动态建模,然后得到了基于最小二乘支持向量机的系统逆模型,在此基础上设计了内模控制器以实现对压电陶瓷作动器的精密控制。最后,通过构建的压电陶瓷作动器实验平台进行了实验,完成了对模型和控制方法的验证。实验结果表明,采用所设计的内模控制策略跟踪100Hz以内的单一频率或复合频率信号时,各个频率的相对误差均在10%以下,验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

汽车燃油喷射系统用磁致伸缩驱动构件的 建模与特性研究

针对传统发动机喷射系统存在的非无级控制及喷射量难于精确最小化的问题,论文提出一种利用磁致伸缩致动器直接驱动喷嘴针控制燃油喷射过程的磁致伸缩喷射系统.通过调整磁致伸缩材料变形量以快速无级控制喷射器开合尺寸及喷射量.以基于多值函数算子现象学方法的磁滞理论为基础,结合对致动器系统的动力学特性分析,建立了包含磁滞损耗特性的位移模型.结果表明,模型可较准确描述磁致伸缩驱动构件的位移幅值及频率特性,位移预测平均相对误差约为5.6%;系统一阶谐振频率和位移峰值分别为380 Hz和50μm.研究结果为改善喷射系统性能提供一种新方法.     

挠性智能梁的振动控制

研究采用共位配置的压电敏感器和致动器的挠性是臂梁的振动控制问题,建立了智能梁的模型,设计了一种线性反馈控制律,并应用无空维空间的ＬａＳａｌｌｅ不变原理和线性半群理论证明了当敏感器和控制器的分布使得系统能镇条件成立时,所设计的控制抑制了梁的振动。     

一种新的磁滞非线性前馈补偿算法

针对超磁致伸缩致动器磁滞非线性特征, 建立了描述其非线性行为的Preisach数学模型, 以F函数法求解了该模型的数值模型. 针对当前致动器非线性前馈补偿控制中迭代和执行效率低的缺点, 将磁滞非线性理解为系统干扰, 提出了一种新的非线性前馈补偿算法, 在求解Preisach逆模型过程中,引入稳态误差信号作为参考变量, 以Sigmoid函数变步长算法进行迭代步长自适应动态调整. 计算机仿真和实验研究均表明,与当前的磁滞模型求逆算法相比, 所提出的算法在保证控制精度的同时可以显著提高系统收敛速度, 大大提高了程序的执行效率.     

超磁致伸缩执行器的P-模糊PID控制

在微加工领域应用超致伸缩材料的研究中,为提高超磁致伸缩执行器控制系统的定位精度,根据压磁方程和超磁滞伸缩执行器的动力学特性建立了执行器的数学模型,为加快系统响应速度,提出了将模糊理论及PID理论相结合的控制方案,利用MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱设计了P-模糊PID控制器.在simulink图形仿真环境下,利用P-模糊PID控制方法和常规PID控制方法进行控制实验.经仿真比较和分析,采用P-模糊PID控制方法优于常规PID控制方法,并且P-模糊PID控制下的系统响应迅速,无超调,调节精度高,可为设计提供参考.     

压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞非线性误差的建模与分析

压电陶瓷驱动器的最大迟滞非线性误差可以超过输出行程的15%,而快刀伺服系统(FTS,Fast Tool Servo)要求重复定位精度优于10nm,相对线性度误差优于0.5%,压电陶瓷驱动器的误差无法满足该精度要求。首先对压电陶瓷迟滞非线性误差进行实验分析,将迟滞非线性误差分为频率无关迟滞现象和频率相关迟滞现象。接着对Bouc-Wen（BW）和Prandtl-Ishlinskii（PI）的频率无关迟滞模型进行修正和对比,确定了采用PI模型描述本文的频率无关迟滞现象,PI模型对频率无关迟滞曲线的辨识精度为0.392%。然后设计基于Hammerstein模型的频率相关迟滞模型,Hammerstein模型对频率相关迟滞曲线的辨识误差相比PI模型时,其均方根值降低了88.068%。提出了压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞非线性误差的建模方法,并分析了其有效性和准确性,给FTS伺服控制提供了一种实用的前馈控制器。     

基于未知Prandtl-Ishlinskii回滞的一类不确定非线性系统自适应逆控制

针对带有回滞驱动的一类不确定非线性系统,通过把Prandtl-Ishhnskii模型分解为一个离散的Prandtl-Ishlinskii算子和一个小的有界误差项,采用反步递推的设计方法,实现自适应逆控制器的设计.所设计的自适应逆控制器能保证闭环系统全局稳定.仿真结果进一步证明该控制方法的有效性.     

High precision tracking of a piezoelectric positioner using a discrete-time sliding mode control

This paper proposes a new comprehensive control strategy to precisely control a piezoelectric positioner by combining discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) with the Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model. In order to obtain precision tracking control, a direct inverse hysteresis compensation method is firstly adopted to compensate for the asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearity. Due to the existence of hysteresis modeling error, the dynamics behavior of the piezoelectric positioner with hysteresis compensation can be treated as a linear second order plant plus an unknown lumped disturbance term. Then a discrete-time sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer is designed to stabilize the position error and improve the position accuracy. The stability of DSMC and the convergence of the disturbance observer are both carried out. It is shown that the tracking performances are robust to the parametric uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Eventually, different trajectory-tracking experiments are performed, and the comparative experimental results are presented to confirm the significantly better performance of the proposed control strategy.

     

Modeling and Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuator Based on a New Asymmetric Hysteresis Model

This paper presents a new asymmetric hysteresis model and its application in the tracking control of piezoelectric actuators. The proposed model is based on a coupled-play operator which can avoid the conventional Prandtl-Ishlinskii (CPI) model's defects, i.e., the symmetric property. The high accuracy for modeling asymmetric hysteresis is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental measurements. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed model in closed-loop tracking application, two different hybrid control methods which experimentally demonstrate their performance under the same operating conditions, are compared to validate that the hybrid control strategy with proposed hysteresis model can mitigate the hysteresis more effectively and achieve better tracking precision. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modeling and tracking control strategy can realize efficient control of piezoelectric actuator.      

基于形状记忆合金驱动器的微纳定位系统鲁棒自适应控制

针对基于智能材料驱动器串联驱动的微纳定位系统,本文主要探讨了此类高精定位系统的控制设计策略.其控制设计的主要任务是消除驱动器中未知回滞特性对系统性能所造成的负面影响.本文重点以形状记忆合金驱动器为例,采用基于广义play算子的广义Prandtl-Ishlinskii回滞模型来表征形状记忆合金驱动器中的未知饱和回滞非线性,并在此基础上提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制设计方法来消除前置回滞存在的影响.设计的控制器在保证全局稳定性的基础上能实现理想的跟踪精度,仿真结果验证了控制策略的有效性和正确性.     

超磁致伸缩作动器的率相关Hammerstein模型与H∞鲁棒跟踪控制

利用Hammerstein模型对超磁致伸缩作动器（Giant magnetostrictive actuators,GMA）的率相关迟滞非线性进行建模,分别以改进的 Prandtl-Ishlinskii（Modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii）模型和外因输入自回归模型（Autoregressive model with exogenous input,ARX）代表Hammerstein模型中的静态非线性部分和线性动态部分,并给出了模型的辨识方法. 此模型能在1～100Hz频率范围内较好地描述GMA的率相关迟滞非线性. 提出了带有逆补偿器和H∞鲁棒控制器的二自由度跟踪控制策略,实时跟踪控制实验结果证明了所提策略的有效性.     

Adaptive Control for the Systems Preceded by Hysteresis

Hysteresis hinders the effectiveness of smart materials in sensors and actuators. It is a challenging task to control the systems with hysteresis. This note discusses the adaptive control for discrete time linear dynamical systems preceded with hysteresis described by the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model. The time delay and the order of the linear dynamical system are assumed to be known. The contribution of the note is the fusion of the hysteresis model with adaptive control techniques without constructing the inverse hysteresis nonlinearity. Only the parameters (which are generated from the parameters of the linear system and the density function of the hysteresis) directly needed in the formulation of the controller are adaptively estimated online. The proposed control law ensures the global stability of the closed-loop system, and the output tracking error can be controlled to be as small as required by choosing the design parameters. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

A hysteresis compensation method of piezoelectric actuator: Model,identification and control

A major deficiency of piezoelectric actuators is that their open-loop control accuracy is seriously limited by hysteresis. In this paper, a novel mathematical model is proposed to describe hysteresis precisely. Based on the hysteresis model, an adaptive inverse control approach is presented for reducing hysteresis. The weights of the main hysteresis loop are identified by using least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The realization of an inverse feedforward controller for the linearization of a piezoelectric actuator is formulated. Experiments were performed on a micro-positioning system driven by piezoelectric actuators. The experimental results demonstrate that the positioning precision is noticeably improved in open-loop operation compared to the conventional open-loop control without any compensation.     

Robust control design for precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric system with consideration of microscopic hysteresis effects

This study performs precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric structure against hysteresis effects by finite elements, microscopic hysteresis cancellation and robust H _?? compensation. The designed control algorithm is expected to be effective in enhancing servo performance of hard disk drives. The precision positioning is accomplished by adding a polarization term into the linear constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials. This polarization term is then described by the well-known Preisach model. Applying basic principles of finite elements and Hamilton??s thoery, the macroscopic governing equations of an arbitrary piezoelectric system in finite elements are obtained. Based on the macro-model, a controller consisting of two parts is designed to perform the precision positioning of a generic piezo-structure. The first part is responsible for direct hysteresis cancellation at the microscopic level, while the second one is a robust H _?? controller to overcome inevitable cancellation errors. In this way, the control effort is then more effective than the conventional PI and double-lead controller without microscopic hysteresis cancellation. A simple piezoelectric structure of a bender-bimorph cantilever beam is considered for designs and experimental validation. Based on experimental results, the proposed control design is found effective to suppress hysteresis effects as opposed to conventional controllers.     

基于Bouc-Wen类迟滞模型的压电微动台建模

针对压电微动台驱动时,由压电陶瓷产生的迟滞现象,提出了一种迟滞模型.基于Bouc-Wen迟滞模型的基本思想,并针对Bouc-Wen迟滞模型进行了优化改进,大大降低了模型参数的辨识难度,缩短了运算时间,保证了模型的较高精度要求.为了验证模型的正确性,运用相关的实验设备对模型进行了实验验证.结果表明:改进后的模型定位误差为0.1866μm,最大相对误差为0.467%,验证了模型具有较高的精度以及该迟滞模型的可行性,为后续压电微动台控制器的设计提供了一种可行方案.