Voices that cannot be heard: Can shyness explain how we communicate on Facebook versus face-to-face?

Social networking sites have gained popularity among all populations, especially young adults. Personality traits were found to be predictive of how individuals use social media. Therefore, this study sought to examine the association between shyness and self-disclosure to a Facebook friend as well as self-disclosure to a face-to-face friend. Two studies were conducted. The first study tested how shyness and social loneliness are related to self-disclosure to a Facebook friend to whom an individual talks most often. The second, follow-up study tested how shyness is related to self-disclosure to a Facebook friend to whom a person speaks to only though Facebook, and also to a face-to-face friend to whom the participants talk only face-to-face and never through Facebook. Participants were college students from a large research university in the United States. Study 1 found a negative association between shyness and self-disclosure to a Facebook friend. Study 2 found a negative association between shyness and self-disclosure to a face-to-face friend. The theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.     

Naturalistic decision-making in expert badminton players

This paper reports on a study of naturalistic decision-making in expert badminton players. These decisions are frequently taken under time-pressured conditions, yet normally lead to successful performance. Two male badminton teams participated in this study. Self-confrontation interviews were used to collect data. Inductive data analysis revealed three types of intentions during a rally: to maintain the rally; to take the advantage; and to finish the point. It also revealed eight types of decision taken in this situation: to ensure an action; to observe the opponent's response to an action; to realize a limited choice; to influence the opponent's decision; to put pressure on an opponent; to surprise the opponent; to reproduce an efficient action; and to play wide. A frequent decision was to put pressure on the opponent. Different information and knowledge was linked to specific decisions. The results are discussed in relation to research that has considered naturalistic decision-making.     

Naturalistic decision-making in expert badminton players

This paper reports on a study of naturalistic decision-making in expert badminton players. These decisions are frequently taken under time-pressured conditions, yet normally lead to successful performance. Two male badminton teams participated in this study. Self-confrontation interviews were used to collect data. Inductive data analysis revealed three types of intentions during a rally: to maintain the rally; to take the advantage; and to finish the point. It also revealed eight types of decision taken in this situation: to ensure an action; to observe the opponent's response to an action; to realize a limited choice; to influence the opponent's decision; to put pressure on an opponent; to surprise the opponent; to reproduce an efficient action; and to play wide. A frequent decision was to put pressure on the opponent. Different information and knowledge was linked to specific decisions. The results are discussed in relation to research that has considered naturalistic decision-making.     

Would I lie to you? Self-serving lies and other-oriented lies told across different media

This study set out to investigate the type of media individuals are more likely to tell self-serving and other-oriented lies, and whether this varied according to the target of the lie. One hundred and fifty participants rated on a likert-point scale how likely they would tell a lie. Participants were more likely to tell self-serving lies to people not well-known to them. They were more likely to tell self-serving lies in email, followed by phone, and finally face-to-face. Participants were more likely to tell other-oriented lies to individuals they felt close to and this did not vary according to the type media. Participants were more likely to tell harsh truths to people not well-known to them via email.     

The reality of medical work: The case for a new perspective on telemedicine

This paper considers the nature of medical work and how new telemedicine technologies can be developed to support that work. Telemedicine developers attempt to increase communication and collaboration between medical practitioners and between patients and medics, with the goal being to make medical care and information more easily accessible. However, the focus of telemedicine systems appears to have so far been technology centred, and the work they are trying to support is often ignored. We argue that to develop appropriate telemedicine technologies, it is important to understand the nature of medical work, and to examine the manner in which medical practiceactually occurs. Only then will we be in a position to design appropriate telemedicine technologies to support these activities. Unless designers have an insight into the work itself, new technologies will continue to fail to support what telemedicine effectively aims to promote — collaboration and access to distributed knowledge.     

Toward few-shot domain adaptation with perturbation-invariant representation and transferable prototypes

Domain adaptation (DA) for semantic segmentation aims to reduce the annotation burden for the dense pixel-level prediction task. It focuses on tackling the domain gap problem and manages to transfer knowledge learned from abundant source data to new target scenes. Although recent works have achieved rapid progress in this field, they still underperform fully supervised models with a large margin due to the absence of any available hints in the target domain. Considering that few-shot labels are cheap to obtain in practical applications, we attempt to leverage them to mitigate the performance gap between DA and fully supervised methods. The key to this problem is to leverage the few-shot labels to learn robust domain-invariant predictions effectively. To this end, we first design a data perturbation strategy to enhance the robustness of the representations. Furthermore, a transferable prototype module is proposed to bridge the domain gap based on the source data and few-shot targets. By means of these proposed methods, our approach can perform on par with the fully supervised models to some extent. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and report the state-of-the-art performance on two popular DA tasks, i.e., from GTA5 to Cityscapes and SYNTHIA to Cityscapes.     

Deep Learning for Robust Normal Estimation in Unstructured Point Clouds

Normal estimation in point clouds is a crucial first step for numerous algorithms, from surface reconstruction and scene understanding to rendering. A recurrent issue when estimating normals is to make appropriate decisions close to sharp features, not to smooth edges, or when the sampling density is not uniform, to prevent bias. Rather than resorting to manually‐designed geometric priors, we propose to learn how to make these decisions, using ground‐truth data made from synthetic scenes. For this, we project a discretized Hough space representing normal directions onto a structure amenable to deep learning. The resulting normal estimation method outperforms most of the time the state of the art regarding robustness to outliers, to noise and to point density variation, in the presence of sharp edges, while remaining fast, scaling up to millions of points.     

英语DVD图形字幕的提取与转换

将英语DVD的图形字幕提取出来并将其转换成可编辑打印的Word文档,是个比较复杂的过程。首先要用VobSubRipperWizardV1．0．0．6英文绿色版或VobSubConfigure将英语DVD的sub图形字幕提取出来,接着用Subresync或subRip1．50Beta4将其转换成srt英文字幕,或者用IdxSubOcr1．08或SubOCR0．98汉化版将其转换成srt中文字幕,再用LRC歌词文件转换器3．0将含时河轴的srt字幕文件转换成无时间轴的txt文本文件,最后用Word进行编辑和打印。     

Information Infrastructure Centrality in the Agile Organization

Modern organizations face increasing pressure to find new ways to compete effectively in a dynamic global market. Many firms are turning to E-commerce and virtual structures, such as virtual organizations and virtual teams, to improve organizational agility and to expand globally. These solutions elevate the importance of information flow within the firm and among firm partners. New technologies are emerging at a rapid pace to support this increased flow of information. As organizations grow to depend upon these new technologies, their opportunities to expand into new geographic regions might be limited by the ability of the remote information infrastructure to support the organization's modernized requirements. Thus, firms seeking to improve their ability to compete globally might actually impede future expansion.     

Artificial Neural Network Approach to Data Matrix Laser Direct Part Marking

Certain applications have recently appeared in industry where a traditional bar code printed on a label will not survive because the item to be tracked has to be exposed to harsh environments. Laser direct-part marking is a manufacturing process used to create permanent marks on a substrate that could help to alleviate this problem. In this research, artificial neural networks were employed to model the laser direct-part marking process of Data Matrix symbols on carbon steel substrates. Several experiments were conducted to study the laser direct-part marking process and to generate data to serve as training, validation and testing data sets in the artificial neural networks modeling process. Two performance measures, mean squared error and correlation coefficient, were utilized to assess the performance of the artificial neural network models. Single-output artificial neural network models corresponding to four performance measures specific to the Data Matrix bar code symbology were found to have good learning and predicting capabilities. The single-output artificial neural network models were compared to equivalent multiple linear regression models for validation purposes. The prediction capability of the single-output artificial neural network models with respect to laser direct-part marking of Data Matrix symbols on carbon steel substrates was superior to that of the multiple linear regression models.     

A luddite in cyberland,or how to avoid being snared by the web

Advocates of the World Wide Web speak in glowing terms of its ability to provide greater access to information resources and to promote active reading and learning. Furthermore, students are now encouraged to construct Web pages, using hypertext as an alternative to traditional linear written documents. Although the ability to navigate the Web and to construct Web pages is not without merit, instructors who emphasize these skills are likely to sacrifice the stated objectives of most composition programs: to help students learn to write clear, coherent prose, to read critically and analytically, and to conduct meaningful research.     

Mindfulness in learning safe sex via social media: Perspectives of personality and experiential value

Sexual topics are attractive to young adults and this may invoke substantial attention that diverts their thinking regarding sexual intervention to engage learning contents. The aim of this study was to explore students’ mindfulness when learning how to use condoms from watching videos on a social media (i.e., YouTube), and to self-assess their mindfulness, which reflected to their continuance intention to learn about safe sex via social media, mediated by their perception of hedonic and utilitarian values. Data from 132 senior high students were collected and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the neuroticism personality trait was positively correlated to mindfulness, but openness was negatively correlated to mindfulness. Mindfulness was positively correlated to both hedonic and utilitarian experiential values, and both experiential values were positively correlated to continuance intention to learn about safe sex via social media. The implications of this study suggest that social media may be a useful channel for senior high school students to learn sexual health concepts.     

Worm propagation and generic attacks

The defining task of propagating malicious code is to locate new targets to attack. Viruses search for files in a computer system to which to attach, whereas worms search for new targets to which to transmit themselves. Depending on their method of transmission, malicious code writers have developed different strategies for finding new victims. Worms transmitted via email have had great success propagating themselves because they find their next targets either by raiding a user's email address book or by searching through the user's mailbox. Such addresses are almost certain to be valid, permitting the worm to hijack the user's social web and exploit trust relationships. In most cases, the worm will craft its own message to send to the target, but some will wait for the user to send a message and attach themselves to it. Network worms, those that attack network services, must determine their next victim's IP address.     

Routing Queries through a Peer-to-Peer InfoBeacons Network Using Information Retrieval Techniques

In the InfoBeacons system, a peer-to-peer network of beacons cooperates to route queries to the best information sources. Many internet sources are unwilling to provide more cooperation than simple searching to aid in the query routing.We adapt techniques from information retrieval to deal with this lack of cooperation. In particular, beacons determine how to route queries based on information cached from sources’ responses to queries. In this paper, we examine alternative architectures for routing queries between beacons and to data sources. We also examine how to improve the routing by probing sources in an informed way to learn about their content. Results of experiments using a beacon network to search 2,500 information sources demonstrates the effectiveness of our system; for example, our techniques require contacting up to 71 percent fewer sources than existing peer-to-peer random walk techniques.     

Spreadsheet application to labor determination

During the test phase of new products in the fast food industry many factors have to be analyzed in order to ensure a smooth, full introduction into all the restaurants in the system. The impact of the new product on sales, service, inventory, quality, profit, and labor must be evaluated prior to system wide introduction. Arriving at a full and detailed answer to labor questions, involves the use of product cannibalization or attrition information, product preparation standards development, computer simulation to develop labor guidelines, as well as data collection for validation of the simulation results. An alternative to using computer simulation to develop labor guidelines is to use a spreadsheet application that enables the determination of the distribution of kitchen labor. This spreadsheet will determine the labor requirements at different sales levels prior to the product introduction in the test restaurants, as well as to system wide introduction. The first inputs to the spreadsheet use financial projections to develop initial labor guidelines for test restaurants to use. The next stage uses actual sales and cannibalization figures to determine labor guidelines prior to the rollout of the new product into all the restaurants in the system.     

A standard on human response to vibration — one of a new breed?

Human response to vibration is used as an example for consideration of the requirements of standards in the human factors field. It is suggested that standards relating to people may be concerned primarily with the design of equipment for optimum satisfaction of users, and that this demands a different approach to standards if they are to be effective. It is argued that a clear distinction should be made between standards intended to protect people from harmful conditions, standards intended to minimise the risk of people being harmed, and standards intended to give advice and information. In the case of human response to vibration it is suggested that standards should relate to agreed methods of measurement and assessment, limitations to preserve health, limitations to be applied in specific situations in order to prevent the risk of accidents, together with a data base for designers to work from.     

微机监测与铁道信号设备安全

目前我们铁路运输事业快速发展,全国各地都新建了高铁铁路。速度是提升了,安全问题也不能忽视。列车在运行过程中要想保证安全,就需要铁道各处的信号信息正确。控制台通过相关的信号设备将运行的指令传递给列车,以保证铁路的整体运行情况。在新的时期,需要能够全天候检测铁路安全的方法,以便维修人员能够及时了解问题并处理。本文通过对TJWX-2006型信号设备监测系统进行研究,来分析在铁路上使用微机来检测铁路的运行情况。这对研究信号设备安全有着积极的意义。     

提高计算机信息系统维护效率的策略探讨

计算机信息系统提升了整个信息时代的高速运转,帮助人们完场信息的采集、处理、存储、传输、检索等工作。如何帮助计算机用户节约更多的时间,是计算机信息系统维护工作需要继续改善的问题,抓住时间的时效性,提高信息的使用价值,就体现在这里。本为,问们将就如何提高计算机信息系统维护效率问题进行一系列的探讨分析。     

E-tutorial support for collaborative online learning: An explorative study on experienced and inexperienced e-tutors

The e-tutor plays a major role in supporting virtual collaborative learning, as he/she supervises learners in collaboratively solving tasks, acquiring new skills, and applying new knowledge. This study is aimed at gaining further insights into the daily support practices of e-tutors. Seventy-six e-tutors from 17 different European countries were invited to fill in an online questionnaire to evaluate collaborative activities, and to answer yes/no-questions regarding their intervention to support these collaborative activities. A cluster analysis identified two profiles of e-tutors according to the importance ascribed to collaborative activities, and to the number of times they intervened to foster such activities. The cluster validation revealed a difference between experienced and inexperienced European e-tutors in their support of online collaboration: e-tutors with experience considered specific cognitive activities to be more important for effective online collaboration, and they seemed to be more familiar in detecting and adequately intervening to avoid dysfunctional social phenomena. Thus, experience in supporting online collaboration seems to be a useful precondition for successfully intervening to stimulate necessary learning activities and to avoid dysfunctional collaborative activities.     

The integration of theory and practice in teaching designing for the screen

Future typographic and graphic designers will need to be able to design for a range of media, both to secure their role and to provide the necessary design expertise in technological environments. This paper proposes an approach to teaching which introduces theoretical issues within a practical design project to encourage the development of general concepts that can be transferred to different technologies. A specific project on designing for the screen is described, which is taught as part of a BA degree in Typography & Graphic Communication. In the context of this project, reasons for introducing theory are proposed, examples of the nature of the theory are given, and the methods used to introduce material are illustrated. A detailed account of one student's implementation of this project is used to demonstrate how theoretical issues can provide direction in a design task. However, careful consideration needs to be given to how theory and practice are integrated to encourage students to look beyond the short-term benefits of specific training to the development of more general knowledge.