基于双层调度框架的开放式实时系统非实时应用调度

在开放式实时系统中,多类型实时和非实时应用同时并存,这给系统调度机制带来了新的需求和挑战。对一种开放式实时系统调度机制进行了简单的介绍,指出了非实时应用调度时不可抢占区可能影响系统可调度性,并提出了一种解决方案,弥补了原有调度机制的缺点,完善了开放式实时系统的双层调度框架,保证了开放式实时系统并存多类型实时及非实时应用的可调度性。     

开放式实时系统的调度理论与方法分析

随着实时系统应用的日益广泛,多类型实时和非实时任务并存的情况给系统调度机制带来了新的需求和挑战.开放式实时系统的相关研究因为解决这一问题而受到关注,也为调度理论与方法带来了新的思路.在阐述了开放式实时系统的基本概念和理论的基础上,提出了一种调度对象的层次性模型,适用于开放式实时调度环境.对几种有代表性的相关方法进行了详细的比较研究,指出它们各自的功能特征和适用范围及其共同特征.把不同方法进行有机集成是可行的,也是一个发展方向,可以使各方法在集成的调度机制内各施所长,更适合于开放式实时系统的应用环境.     

一种开放混合实时系统的开放自适应调度算法

开放计算环境下的实时与非实时任务不确定并发,以及多种实时约束混合的复杂约束系统,即开放混合实时系统的需求越来越广泛.通过引入接收控制、调度服务器、自适应调节机制,提出一种开放环境下的自适应实时系统调度架构--OARtS(open adaptive real-time scheduling).它能适应开放计算环境的不确定性,有控制地接受实时任务运行;可根据系统空闲计算带宽变化,自适应地调节任务的实时等级,使得系统运行在最优的实时性能上;对于软实时任务,可根据其计算带宽需求变化,自适应地调节其计算带宽分配,以适应任务执行时间时变引起的实时不确定性.     

嵌入式自适应实时资源管理

现存的资源管理方法是针对传统的封闭嵌入实时系统设计的,在动态环境时难以保证系统的服务质量。为此,依据新一代典型动态实时系统的需求,运用基于控制论的自适应实时资源管理方法,改进Red Hat公司的eCos操作系统,在原eCos操作系统中加入基于控制论的实时调度架构、RM调度器、实时任务API和系统监视器,实现一个嵌入式自适应实时资源管理架构。实验结果证明,该架构具有更精确和高效的服务质量,保证系统实时动态的资源需求和实时任务的正确性。     

开放式实时系统双层调度框架的一种改进方案

分析了开放式实时系统双层调度框架的调度特点,指出了其仅适用于硬实时环境的缺陷。在保证硬实时应用可调度性的基础上,针对硬实时和软实时应用的不同特点提出了一种改进方案,增加了软实时应用的处理,拓展了原方案的适用范围,完善了开放式实时系统的双层调度框架,最后用理论证明与仿真实验验证了改进方案的有效性。     

开放式实时嵌入式系统自适应调度模型研究

开放式实时嵌入式系统中多类型实时任务并存和资源受限的情况给实时调度机制带来了新的需求和挑战。通过引入准入控制、资源管理、调度服务器、自适应调节机制等,提出了一个形式化的自适应调度模型。它能适应开放计算环境的不确定性,有控制地接受不同类型任务的运行;可根据系统资源和任务需求的最新变换情况计算带宽变化,自适应地调节任务的优先等级,使得系统运行在最优的实时性能上;该模型在某航空机载系统设计中得到了实际应用,同其它类似系统相比,该模型的应用提高了系统的调度性和系统稳定性。     

自适应实时资源管理技术研究*

分析了自适应实时资源管理面临的问题,研究了自适应实时资源管理的构造和常用模式,并指出其不足,最后提出一种基于控制论的实时资源管理模式,对动态实时系统进行自适应实时资源管理.通过建立抽象的实时资源装置,给出反馈控制、自适应控制和智能控制这三种基本模型,将控制论映射到实时资源管理,更好地满足实时系统的需求.     

基于反馈控制的开放式实时系统自适应调度算法设计与实现

对于负载不可预测且资源受限的开放式实时系统,传统"开环"调度算法不能根据系统负载情况调整调度策略,影响系统实时性能或造成资源浪费.采用双闭环反馈控制方法,改进目前开放式实时系统常用的时限驱动总带宽利用率服务器.本方法根据负载情况,动态地为不同实时性能需求的任务分配资源,保证硬实时任务满足时限要求并且提高资源利用率.实验表明,系统负载存在突发的情况下,算法既很好地控制了任务的时限错过率,又得到了较高的资源利用率.     

基于EDF算法的可行性判定及实现

实时调度算法是实时系统中的关键技术。验证实时调度算法的可行性是在实时系统中实施某种调度算法的必经环节。在介绍实时系统中常用的各种实时调度算法,包括固定优先级调度算法和动态优先级调度算法基础上,详细分析了动态优先级调度算法EDF算法的运算过程和使用条件。提出了该算法在实际应用中存在的问题。针对该硬实时调度算法,提出了分别在简单模型上和复杂模型上如何判定实时任务的可行性。为实际应用中实现该实时调度算法确定了依据。     

基于EDF算法的可行性判定及实现

实时调度算法是实时系统中的关键技术。验证实时调度算法的可行性是在实时系统中实施某种调度算法的必经环节。在介绍实时系统中常用的各种实时调度算法．包括固定优先级调度算法和动态优先级调度算法基础上．详细分析了动态优先级调度算法EDF算法的运算过程和使用条件。提出了该算法在实际应用中存在的问题。针对该硬实时调度算法．提出了分别在简单模型上和复杂模型上如何判定实时任务的可行性。为实际应用中实现该实时调度算法确定了依据．     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate