基于PVDF传感器和工作曲率变形实现裂纹梁裂纹检测

提出通过压电高分子薄膜PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)作为传感器直接测量结构的工作曲率变形(Curvature Operating Shape)实现结构裂纹检测.以悬臂裂纹梁为例,首先探讨基于PVDF传感器测量工作曲率变形,并用于结构损伤检测的可行性,然后介绍工作曲率变形用于损伤检测的理论基础,并以PVDF压电薄膜作为传感器,提出只通过损伤后结构的频率响应函数,直接得到工作曲率变形和损伤指标.最后通过对一条裂纹和两条裂纹悬臂梁的损伤检测实验,证明该方法在梁结构损伤识别和健康监测中的有效性,并且识别过程不需要健康结构的振动信息.     

Damage localization in irregular shape structures using intelligent FE model updating approach with a new hybrid objective function and social swarm algorithm

Health monitoring of structures and damage diagnosis are important research disciplines under investigation worldwide. Soft computing techniques are usually used to solve the uncertain complex inverse problem of revealing structural damage. In the current research, FE model updating (FEMU) paradigm is embraced for solving the damage tracking problem in three dimensional irregular shape structures. By taking into account the complexity of problem, the pivotal point is to efficiently educe damage through well-evolved objective function. Therefore, a novel objective function merging the modal characteristics of modal strain energy (MSTEN) and mode shape curvature (MSC) is established. Posteriorly, to solve the FEMU problem, a hybrid algorithm combining the particle swarm optimization with a new social version of the sine–cosine optimization algorithm (SPSOSCA) is proposed. The SPSOSCA is considered to take advantage of two enhanced search mechanisms to overcome the overall problem complexity. The proposed paradigm is evaluated using many damage scenarios even under noise conditions and the total outcome reveals outstanding performance with fair computational time.     

Inverse problem for dynamic structural health monitoring based on slime mould algorithm

In this paper, damage detection, localization and quantification are performed using modal strain energy change ratio (MSEcr) as damage indicator combined with a new optimization technique, namely slime mould algorithm (SMA) developed in 2020. The SMA algorithm is employed to assess structural damage and monitor structural health. Two structures, including a laboratory beam and a bar planar truss are considered to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Another recent algorithm called marine predators algorithm (MPA) is also used for comparison purposes with SMA. The MSEcr is utilized in the first stage to predict the location of the damaged elements. Single and multiple damages cases are analysed based on different number of modes to study the sensitivity of the proposed indicator to the total number of modes considered in the analysis. Next, this indicator is used as an objective function in a second stage to solve the inverse problem using SMA and MPA for damage quantification of the elements identified in the first stage. Experimental validation is conducted using a 3D frame structure with four stories that have damaged components. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach, using MSEcr and SMA, provides superior results for the considered structures. The effectiveness of this technique is tested by introducing a white Gaussian noise with different levels, namely 2% and 4%. The results show that the provided approach can predict the location and level of damage with high accuracy after introducing the noise.

     

改进的形态学肺部图像边缘检测

针对肺部图像边缘检测中存在的噪声问题,在数学形态学边缘检测的基础上做了3点改进:(1)结合结构元素3个基本选取原则,即形状的相似性、尺寸的覆盖性和不同结构元素的组合性,选取适合肺部图像的全方位结构元和多尺度结构元;(2)改进了普通的形态学边缘检测算子,将全方位结构元和多尺度结构元相结合,得到适用于肺部图像的新型复合形态学边缘检测算子;(3)将峰值信噪比(Peak signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR)加入权值计算方法中,改进了权值的计算方法。最后通过仿真实验,对PSNR为50684 9 dB的肺部噪声图像进行边缘检测,并与一般算法进行比较,结果表明改进算法在PSNR和均方误差(Mean square error, MSE)上均有明显改善,能够检测出更清晰、去噪效果更好的肺部图像边缘。应用于其他图像或加入不同噪声时,本文算法也能检测出更清晰的图像边缘,表明该算法具有很好的鲁棒性。     

三种高效快速的量子态滤波和估计优化算法

针对不同干扰和噪声情况下的量子状态估计和滤波问题,分别提出相应的高效量子状态密度矩阵重构凸优化算法.对于稀疏状态干扰和测量噪声同时存在的情况,提出量子状态滤波算法.对分别存在稀疏状态干扰和测量噪声的情况,提出相应两种不同的量子状态估计算法.在5量子位的状态密度矩阵估计仿真实验中分析不同采样率下的3种算法性能.实验表明,3种算法均具有较低的计算复杂度、较快的收敛速度和较低的估计误差.     

强噪声背景下钢丝绳损伤信号降噪方法

钢丝绳损伤信号是一种非平稳无周期性的冲击信号,其特征信号的降噪处理和特征提取成为亟待解决的难题。小波变换方法若小波基或者分解层数不适合,会在信号降噪的同时引入其他噪声干扰,影响信号处理与特征提取的效果。相较于小波变换方法,移位平均法只需要选择一定的移位窗宽即可实现对信号的有效降噪,但移位窗宽需要人为选择,盲目性大。针对上述问题,提出一种强噪声背景下钢丝绳损伤信号降噪方法。利用钢丝绳漏磁检测传感器采集不同类型的断丝数据,向信号中加入强高斯白噪声,以模拟强噪声背景;采用自适应移位平均法对钢丝绳损伤信号进行降噪,利用量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法优化移位平均法的窗宽;将损伤信号的信噪比(SNR)作为适应度函数,通过QPSO算法使得损伤特征信号SNR最大化,从而实现最优信号降噪效果。实验结果表明,对于强噪声背景下的钢丝绳平稳和波动信号,相较于小波变换,自适应移位平均法的降噪效果更明显,信噪比更高,信号更为平滑。实测结果表明,对于现场采集的噪声相对弱一些的钢丝绳损伤信号,自适应移位平均法的降噪效果也比小波变换好,验证了自适应移位平均法具有较好的通用性。     

自适应残差图像的分数阶全变分去噪算法

目的 全变分（TV）去噪模型具有较好的去噪效果,但对于图像的弱边缘和纹理细节的保持不够理想。自适应分数阶全变分（AFTV）模型根据图像局部信息,区分图像的纹理区域和非纹理区域,自适应计算投影算法中的软阈值,可较好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理细节,但该方法当噪声增大时“阶梯”效应比较明显,弱边缘和纹理细节保持效果不够理想。针对该问题,提出一种改进的分数阶全变分去噪算法。方法 该算法在计算残差图像时,用分数阶全变分模型替代整数一阶全变分模型,并根据较精确的残差图像的局部方差区分图像纹理区域和平坦区域,使保真项参数的自适应选取更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能。结果 针对3种不同类型的噪声图像,将本文模型与TV模型和AFTV模型进行对比实验,并采用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）评定去噪效果和纹理保持能力。对于高斯噪声图像,本文算法在PSNR方面比TV模型和AFTV模型分别可平均提高2.72 dB和1.38 dB,SSIM分别可平均提高0.047和0.020。对于椒盐噪声图像,本文算法结合中值滤波算法在PSNR和SSIM方面比传统中值滤波算法分别可平均提高1.308 dB和0.011。对于泊松噪声图像,本文算法在PSNR、SSIM方面与AFTV较接近,比TV分别可提高1.59 dB和0.005。结论 通过对添加不同类型的噪声图像进行实验,结果表明提出的算法在去噪性能上与TV和AFTV相比均有较大提高,尤其对于噪声较大的图像效果更为显著,在去噪效率上与AFTV的时间复杂度相当,时耗接近略有降低。且本文算法普适性较好,能有效去除多种典型类型的噪声。     

非高斯噪声下的回声消除算法研究

回声消除一直是信号处理领域的热门研究方向,其中自适应滤波器是在回声消除问题中最为广泛应用的技术,但自适应滤波算法主要是在基于高斯噪声条件下的应用,而现实环境广泛存在着非高斯的噪声,这严重影响了基于L2范数的自适应噪声滤波算法的噪声消除性能。为解决回声消除方法对非高斯噪声的适用性问题,根据回声路径具有明显的稀疏系统特性,结合比例矩阵的设计思想以及符号算法(SA),提出一种改进的MIPNSA算法。该滤波算法既能很好地适应于不同的背景噪声,同时也在较大程度上增强了对稀疏系统的适应能力。仿真测试结果表明,在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声条件下,本算法比现有的一些算法的回声消除效果更佳。     

A Robust Viterbi Algorithm Against Impulsive Noise With Application to Speech Recognition

The Viterbi algorithm has been successfully applied to different pattern recognition and communication tasks. However, if some observations are corrupted by unknown impulsives noise which are not accounted for by the distortion measures, recognition performance can degrade significantly. In this paper, we propose a robust Viterbi algorithm to handle short impulsive noises with unknown characteristics by means of joint decoding and detection during the Viterbi search. To make the algorithm applicable to different noisy conditions with varying amounts of impulsive noise, we further proposed an approach to efficiently estimate the number of corruptions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust algorithms using spoken digit recognition experiments under two different impulsive noise environments. Under random Gaussian replacement noise, the proposed algorithm reduced digit error by more than 65%. Under the GSM network environment in which lost frames are replaced by interpolated neighboring frames, the robust algorithm reduced digit error by 20%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm does not degrade performance when impulsive noise is not present.     

结合区域分割和双边滤波的图像去噪新算法

提出一种结合区域分割和双边滤波的图像高斯噪声抑制新算法。基于像素的双边滤波器在滤波时,由于平滑系数的选择受到噪声的干扰,在图像边缘区域的滤波存在一定的盲目性,导致滤波结果中结构信息不能有效保持。本文在图像分割的基础上利用区域图来指导双边滤波过程,根据区域内的噪声属性和区域间的相似程度来分别计算相应像素间的滤波平滑系数。通过对区域内与区域间进行不同模式的滤波,增强了滤波算法对图像结构的自适应性。实验结果表明,该算法在获得良好去噪效果的同时,能有效保持图像的结构信息。