物联网发展前景研究

在这个以信息技术为中心的21世纪,随着信息技术的不断发展,物联网技术正逐步应用到各个领域当中,物联网正在被越来越多的人所关注,因为它代表了一场新的产业革命和社会发展的新方向。近年来我国嵌入式智能化设备、传感器技术、计算机等相关技术的高速发展,奠定了未来物联网在国内发展的根基。作为一场新的产业革命和社会的发展方向,物联网其预计产业规模将达互联网的30倍。本文主要阐述了物联网的概念与定义,通过对国内物联网的发展现状进行研究,对我国物联网的发展前景进行探讨。     

西门子的智慧工业之路

从1945年美国研制出第一台计算机开始,由机器代替人脑进行计算成为发展方向,并因此产生了第四次产业革命。之前的三次产业革命,分别是由蒸汽机所代表的机械动力、电力和原子能的发明所带动的。而这一次产业革命,使人类所制造的机械,不仅仅能够产生强大的动力,更重要的是,     

从嵌入式系统看现代计算机产业革命

人类近代史上有两次重大的产业革命：一次是18世纪的由蒸汽机推动的第1次产业革命，另一次是当前人们正面临着始于20世纪中期，由集成电路开启的现代计算机产业革命。现代计算机产业革命是一场智力革命，以普遍的智能化工具代替人的脑力劳动。嵌入式系统成为智能化工具的归一化智力内核。现代计算机产业革命构建的知识平台，将资本经济推向知识经济时代。知识平台的广泛使用必将对人类社会经济、生活方式产生极其重大的影响。     

云环境下的企业信息化运维思考

在新一轮产业革命背景下,以云网融合、万物互联、数据驱动及软件定义为代表的新一代信息技术与企业业务紧密结合,新的产业革命正在并且已经重构了整个IT的基础架构,云网融合的新型基础设施承载了国家经济与社会活动的方方面面.     

宽带网络——战略性新兴产业重要的先导与支柱

在今年的政府工作报告中,关于战略性新兴产业有一段话:"国际金融危机正在催生新的科技革命和产业革命,发展战略性新兴产业,抢占经济科技制高点决定了国家的未来,必须抓住机     

传感网与物联网的进展与趋势

文章概括地论述了当前IT前沿技术中的热点：传感网、物联网的由来、进展与趋势,阐述了从因特网到物联网,从数字化、网络化到智能化的进展与融合,以及它们的汇聚所引发的IT第三次浪潮对产业革命和社会发展的影响与作用;文中提出传感器核心芯片和传感网接入因特网技术,是当前IT前沿技术攻关的瓶颈,并由此引出了物联网与智慧地球的新理念和战略性新兴产业;文中分析了物联网向融合化、嵌入化、可信化、智能化发展的技术趋势和向标准化、服务化、开放化、工程化发展的管理应用趋势。     

传感器网络中的传感器管理研究

传感器网络和传感器管理是国际社会的研究热点,但目前针对传感器网络中的传感器管理问题的研究成果很少,文中对这一问题进行了初步分析与探讨,在深入分析传感器网络的基本特性的基础上,给出了传感器网络中传感器管理的一些基本原则,采用分层式传感器网络系统结构,提出了基于任务驱动的传感器管理方案,并详细阐述了方案中各个部分的工作原理,提出了一种基于多智能体技术的传感器管理模型,实现了传感器感知信息的交互和传感器感知动作的协同功能.     

基于整合概率数据关联的最优传感器序列研究

研究多传感器跟踪系统中传感器处理序列优化问题．首先根据多传感器跟踪系统中多传感器信息的处理特点,提出了基于有限随机集的序列整合概率数据关联（IPDA）滤波算法;然后,通过分析序列IPDA算法中目标生存概率的均值函数,证明了在不同传感器检测概率的多传感器系统中,目标生存概率仅依赖于传感器序列中第1个传感器,并随其检测概率的增大而增大．仿真实验验证了所得结论．     

电容层析成像系统传感器参数优化——基于正交试验设计法

介绍了电容层析成像系统的工作原理及数学模型,采用有限元分析对传感器灵敏度分布进行仿真,分析了系统中各个传感器参数对传感器性能的影响,提出传感器性能评价函数,并基于正交试验设计确定了一组优化参数,为电容层析成像系统中传感器的设计提供了参考依据。     

PVDF土压力传感器

为适应土中动态压力测试的需要,研制了PVDF土压力传感器;介绍了传感器的测压工作原理及传感器的结构,并给出了传感器在某爆炸冲击试验中的应用情况;试验表明,PVDF压力传感器适合于爆炸荷载作用下土中压力测量。     

Detection principles and development of microfluidic sensors in the last decade

Microfluidic sensor converts a physical quantity to useful signal with the help of microfluidic platform. Microfluidic sensors have got a wide attention in the last decade because of the increased demands from the automation and control in microsystems. This review on microfluidic sensors focuses on various types of sensors which have been developed for the microfluidic systems or applications based on the research contributions in the last decade. We start with a detailed comparison on the research developments in the last decade on microfluidic sensors with the help of year and country wise statistical charts on published works in the area. The review continues with the basics of microfluidic sensors and the working principles of microfluidic sensors by classifying various microfluidic sensors based on the parameter to be sensed. This review concludes with the attempt to provide an idea on research gap in the area of microfluidic sensors.     

An adaptive meta-heuristic search for the internet of things

The number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace when we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT). The widespread deployment of these sensors represents significant financial investment and technical achievement. These sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data which is capable of supporting an almost unlimited set of high value proposition applications for users. Given that, effectively and efficiently searching and selecting the most related sensors of a user’s interest has recently become a crucial challenge. In this paper, inspired by ant clustering algorithm, we propose an effective context-aware method to cluster sensors in the form of Sensor Semantic Overlay Networks (SSONs) in which sensors with similar context information are gathered into one cluster. Firstly, sensors are grouped based on their types to create SSONs. Then, our meta-heuristic algorithm called AntClust has been performed to cluster sensors using their context information. Furthermore, useful adjustments have been applied to reduce the cost of sensor search process and an adaptive strategy is proposed to maintain the performance against dynamicity in the IoT environment. Experiments show the scalability and adaptability of AntClust in clustering sensors. It is significantly faster on sensor search when compared with other approaches.     

New results on the performance of distributed Bayesian detectionsystems

The purpose of decision fusion in a distributed detection system is to achieve a performance that is better than that of local detectors (or sensors). We consider a distributed Bayesian detection system consisting of n sensors and a fusion center, in which the decision rules of the sensors have been given and the decisions of different sensors are conditionally independent. We assume that the decision rules of the sensors can be optimum or suboptimum, and that the probabilities of detection and false alarm of the sensors can be different. Theoretical analysis on the performance of this fusion system is carried out. Conditions for the fusion system to achieve a global risk that is smaller than local risks are obtained     

BaTiO_3对SnO_2基CO气敏元件性能影响

通过掺入BaTiO3来调整SnO2基CO气敏元件的温度系数,进而改善气敏元件的长期稳定性。元件的各种性能与BaTiO3的性质和含量密切相关。当掺入质量分数为2%的含YCl3摩尔分数为0.4%的BaTiO3时,元件的烧结温度升高,抗酒精的干扰能力增强,元件的长期稳定性得到了改善。     

传感器的现状和未来

当今传感器的明显发展趋势是从传统的传感器设计和应用转向以微机械加工技术为基础的微传感器和智能化传感器的设计和应用,使智能结构的实现成为可能。本文就传感器技术的现状和未来的发展予以综述,发展微传感器对我国仪器仪表工业的重要性略加讨论。     

On the powerful use of simulations in the Quake-Catcher Network to efficiently position low-cost earthquake sensors

The Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) represents a paradigm shift in seismic networks by involving the general public in the collection, detection, and recognition of seismic events. The QCN uses low-cost sensors connected to volunteer computers across the world to monitor seismic events. The location and density of these sensors can impact the accuracy of event detection. Testing different arrangements of new sensors could disrupt the currently active project; thus such an experiment is best accomplished in a simulated environment.This paper presents an accurate and efficient framework for simulating low-cost QCN sensors and identifying their most effective locations and densities. To build the framework, we extend EmBOINC, an emulator of Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) projects, to handle the trickle messages generated by sensors connected to volunteer hosts and sent to the QCN server when strong ground motion is detected. EmBOINC allows us to rigorously study QCN simulations at 100,000 or even 1,000,000 sensors, highlight strengths and weaknesses of different sensor density and placement, and test the network with various parameters, conditions, and earthquake scenarios. Results obtained with EmBOINC and presented in this paper show how our simulations can reliably study diverse sensor densities and seismic scenarios under different geographical and infrastructural constraints.     

Performance analysis of an INS/SLAM integrated system with respect to the geometrical arrangement of multiple vision sensors

A single vision system is the simplest vision-based method of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) but it cannot reduce navigation errors that occur in the direction of the optical axis of vision sensors. Moreover, the limited observation area of vision sensors sometimes leads to failure in tracking a feature point. A vision sensor-based inertial navigation system INS/SLAM integrated system performs better with multiple vision sensors than with a single vision sensor because the observation area is wider and the impact of the sensitivity of the vision sensors is considerably smaller. However, the geometrical arrangement of multiple vision sensors induces navigation errors. This paper analyzes how the performance of the vision sensor-based INS/SLAM integrated system varies in relation to the geometrical arrangement of multiple vision sensors and the observation area of the vision sensors. The analysis shows that vertical navigation errors decline when the vision sensors are aimed horizontally, and that horizontal navigation errors decline in a similar manner when the vision sensor is aimed vertically; moreover, this behavior is especially evident when the level of sensitivity peaks in the horizontal direction.     

基于能陷理论的石英谐振式力传感器的研究

采用能陷理论对石英谐振式力传感器的谐振器进行了分析和设计，通过基于基频的传感器和基于三次谐波传感器的性能分析，提出了采用三次谐波切角的ＡＴ切谐振器，并合理设计晶片及电极参数，可达到对非谐波及低次谐波的抑制作用；证明了基频传感器，尤其是三次谐波传感器工作于三次谐波比工作于基频时有更优性能。     

硝基芳烃类炸药检测用荧光传感器研究进展

微痕量炸药的准确、快速检测对反恐、非金属地雷探测、环境质量监测等都具有十分重要的意义。在概括现有炸药检测技术的基础上,着重介绍用于微痕量硝基芳烃类炸药检测的均相荧光传感器、薄膜荧光传感器和光纤荧光传感器,其中,薄膜荧光传感器因其灵敏度高、选择性好、可重复使用和易于器件化等优点将在微痕量硝基芳烃类炸药的检测中获得实际应用。     

MEMS壁剪应力传感器热效应的数值模拟

借助计算流体动力学(CFD)商业软件FLUENT,采用数值模拟的方法,对基于MEMS的壁剪应力传感器热交换效应进行了分析。计算结果表明:在壁剪应力传感器的热膜下方加入真空腔或者空气腔是十分必要的。针对水流中测量的计算结果显示,真空腔和空气腔在整个计算区域的温度场分布以及对流体的传热效率的差别不大,而空腔可以明显地减小底层的热损失,这对提高剪应力传感器的灵敏度是十分有利的。此外,MEMS壁剪应力传感器的尺寸效应对传热效率也存在影响。