High capacity data hiding based on interpolated image

We investigate the use of parabolic interpolation in data hiding and propose a novel data hiding algorithm with high capacity based on interpolated image. Specifically, the proposed algorithm creates an interpolated image from input image by parabolic interpolation, and embeds secret bits into interpolated pixels in terms of the relation between the interpolated value and the mean value. Ten standard benchmark images are taken as test images for validating efficiency of our algorithm. The results illustrate that our algorithm has better performances than some popular data hiding methods in embedding capacity and visual quality with respect to PSNR and SSIM.     

改进的双线性插值算法在信息隐藏中的应用*

针对传统信息隐藏算法隐藏容量小和对图像质量影响较大的缺点,提出了一种新的信息隐藏算法。利用灰度级插值的方法来修改秘密信息嵌入点的像素灰度值,为隐藏秘密信息创造出更大的冗余空间;同时采用新的相邻像素差值计算方法以实现秘密信息的嵌入,使得嵌入大量秘密信息后,载密图像的质量得到很好的保证。实验结果表明,当PSNR＞40 dB时,最低也可以隐藏145 800 bit。与传统的算法相比,隐藏容量有了更大提升的同时,PSNR值也保持在很高的水平。     

An image interpolation based reversible data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting feature

In this paper, we propose an image interpolation based reversible data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting feature. This scheme consists of two phases, namely: image interpolation and data hiding. In order to interpolate the original image, we propose a new image interpolation method which is based on the existing neighbor mean interpolation method. Our interpolation method takes into account all the neighboring pixels like the NMI method. However, it uses different weight-age as per their proximity. Thus, it provides the better quality interpolated image. In case of data hiding phase, secret data is embedded in the interpolated pixels in two passes. In the first pass, it embeds the secret data into the odd valued pixels and then in the second pass, the even valued pixels are used to embed the secret data. To ensure the reversibility of the proposed scheme, the location map is constructed for every pass. Basically, the proposed scheme only increases/decreases the pixel values during data hiding phase, which improves the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of computation complexity. Experimentally, our scheme is superior to the existing scheme in terms of data hiding capacity, image quality and computation complexity.     

Data hiding using edge detector for scalable images

In this paper we propose a data hiding method that utilizes image interpolation and an edge detection algorithm. Image interpolation algorithm enlarges a cover image before hiding secret data in order to embed a large amount of secret data. Edge detection algorithm is applied to improve a quality of stego-image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can embed a large amount of secret data while keeping visual quality better than previous works. We demonstrate that the average capacity is 391,115bits, and the PSNR and quality index are 44.71dB, 0.9568 for gray images when threshold value is 4 and the embedding bits are given to 2 respectively.     

Data hiding method using image interpolation

Data hiding is to conceal the existence of secret data. A reversible data hiding method can extract the cover image without any distortion from the stego-image after the hidden data have been extracted. This paper proposes a new interpolation and a data hiding method. The proposed scaling-up neighbor mean interpolation method has a low-time complexity and high-calculation speed. The proposed data hiding method is based on interpolation. Comparison on data hiding methods is divided into reversible or not. Our experimental results show the proposed method can embed a large amount of secret data while keeping a very high visual quality, the PSNR is guaranteed to be higher than 35 dB compared with other reversible data hiding methods. And also capacity is larger than any other reversible data hiding methods and comparable to other data hiding methods.     

A survey of interpolation-based reversible data hiding methods

It is called as a reversible data hiding method when the cover object can be restored together with extracting the secret data at a receiver. In reversible data hiding, interpolation-based data hiding methods are recently proposed, where image interpolation techniques are used before embedding the secret data. In this paper, reversible data hiding methods using interpolation techniques are described and analyzed on the embedding capacity and the visual image quality that many researchers have tried to improve these different measurements. It is concluded with the directions of research with some recommendations.     

Reversible data hiding for high quality images exploiting interpolation and direction order mechanism

Reversible data hiding can restore the original image from the stego image without any distortion after the embedded secret message is exactly extracted. In this paper, a novel, reversible, data hiding scheme for high quality images is proposed in spatial domain. To increase embedding capacity and enhance image quality, the proposed scheme classifies all pixels as wall pixels and non-wall pixels. For wall pixel, the interpolation error is used to embed secret data over the interpolation prediction method. In contrast, the difference value between the non-wall pixel and its parent pixel, which is defined by the direction order, is computed to hide secret data based on the histogram shifting. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme provides a larger payload and a better image quality than some existing schemes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is more stable for different images.     

High-capacity reversible data hiding method using block expansion in digital images

A reversible data hiding method allows recovery of the cover image after the secret data have been extracted. In this paper, a novel reversible data hiding method is proposed using neighboring interpolation and pixel-value differencing on block expansion. A consecutive embedding technique for a sub-block is proposed to maintain a higher embedding capacity, and a neighboring pixel-value referencing is also proposed to maintain a good visual quality in stego-images. The results of experiment demonstrate that the proposed method has higher capacity and maintains a better image quality than previous reversible data hiding methods.     

Image interpolating based data hiding in conjunction with pixel-shifting of histogram

Information hiding is an important research issue in digital life. In this paper, we propose a two-stage data hiding method with high capacity and good visual quality based on image interpolation and histogram modification techniques. At the first stage, we first generate a high-quality cover image using the developed enhanced neighbor mean interpolation and then take the difference values from input and cover pixels as a carrier to embed secret data. In this stage, our proposed scheme raises the image quality a lot due to the ENMI method. At the second stage, a histogram modification method is applied on the difference image to further increase the embedding capacity and preserve the image quality without distortion. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method have better PSNR value of stego-image with improving 43 % on the average when compared the past key-studies.     

Data hiding based on compressed VQ indices of images

The VQ-based data hiding technique has not received much attention compared to various spatial domain-based data hiding techniques in digital images. Consequently, a new data hiding scheme, applied in the VQ-compressed domain of cover images, is introduced in this article. To provide more hiding capacity for secret data and to keep an acceptable bit rate for the compressed cover images, the search-order-coding (SOC) algorithm was implemented to compress the VQ indices of the cover images in the process of data hiding. During the process of data hiding, the proposed scheme embeds secret data into the compressed VQ indices of the cover image adaptively, adjusting the bit rate according to the size of the secret data and the compressed cover image. In addition, the hiding process induces no extra coding distortion. Experiments show that the receiver can efficiently receive both the secret data and the compressed cover image simultaneously with an acceptable bit rate. Simulation results also demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms earlier proposed methods.