基于可测试性设计的测试综合技术初探

本文从测试性设计的角度出发，讨论了测试综合技术的必要性，以及测试综合的方法与步骤。     

RTL验证中的混合可满足性求解

RTL混合可满足性求解方法分为基于可满足性模理论(SMT)和基于电路结构搜索两大类.前者主要使用逻辑推理的方法,目前已在处理器验证中得到了广泛的应用,主要得益于SMT支持用于描述验证条件的基础理论;后者能够充分地利用电路中的约束信息,因而求解效率较高.介绍了每一大类中的典型研究及其所采用的重要策略,以及RTL可满足性求解方面的研究进展.     

一种约简动作变元的命题规划编码方式

基于动作的编码方式是2006年国际规划竞赛中著名的最优规划系统SATPLAN2006采用的一种基于约简状态变元的命题规划编码方式.依据基于动作的编码方式,提出一种基于约简动作变元的自动命题规划编码方式:基于命题的编码方式.首先分析构造新编码方式的理论依据,提出基于命题的编码方式的编码组成,证明其有效性,并描述某些公理的具体实现细节,最后分析其与已有几种编码方式的不同之处.在SATPLAN2006中实现了基于命题的编码方式,利用国际规划竞赛选用的标准测试问题予以测试,并分析其与基于动作的编码方式等两种极端编码方式的求解特性.实验结果表明:对于顺序规划问题域,基于命题的编码方式更有效,而对于并发规划问题域,基于动作的编码方式更有效.     

一种改进的警示传播算法求解Max-SAT问题

Max-SAT问题是SAT问题的优化版本,目标是在给定的子句集中找到一组变元赋值,使得满足子句数最多,该问题是典型的NP-hard问题。随着大数据和人工智能的深度发展,过去原有的算法已不再适用,设计新的求解算法或对已有的求解算法进行优化是目前研究的热点。针对警示传播算法求解随机Max-3-SAT问题的局限性,提出了一种基于变元权值计算的警示传播算法,结合随机游走算法,给出一种新型算法WWP+WalkSAT,通过改进求解的局限性,更好地得到一组有效的初始解,从而提高算法的局部搜索能力。利用2016年Max-SAT国际竞赛部分基准实例,将WWP+WalkSAT算法与八种局部搜索算法进行精度方面的对比实验。实验结果表明,WWP+WalkSAT算法有较好的性能。     

求解难可满足性问题的混合算法

提出了一个求解难可满足性问题的简单混合算法．拟人和禁忌表两个策略被给出．数值实验表明，对于一类公认比较难的可满足性问题，该算法胜过目前据认为是最好方法之一的NOVELTY算法．     

An Algorithm Based on Tabu Search for Satisfiability Problem

In this paper,a computationally effective algorithm based on tabu search for solving the satisfiability problem(TSSAT)is proposed.Some novel and efficient heuristic strategies for generating candidate neighborhood of the curred assignment and selecting varibables to be flipped are presented. Especially,the aspiration criterion and tabu list tructure of TSSAT are different from those of traditional tabu search.Computational experiments on a class of problem insteances show that,TSSAT,in a reasonable amount of computer time ,yields better results than Novelty which is currently among the fastest known.Therefore TSSAT is feasible and effective.     

一个求解结构SAT问题的高效局部搜索算法

逻辑表达式可满足性(SAT)问题是第一个被证明的NP完全问题.它也是解决人工智能和计算理论中许多实际问题的基础.人们发现,对于某些类型的SAT问题,局部搜索算法要比一些传统的算法(例如Davis-Putnam过程)更为有效.在本文中,我们主要讨论如何用局部搜索算法求解结构SAT问题.我们对一个典型的局部搜索算法GSAT+walk做了改进与扩展.首先,我们除去了GSAT+walk中GSAT部分的"平移";其次,我们给每一个子句赋权,并在GSAT+walk的搜索过程中动态地调整子句的权.文中给出的实验结果表明改进后的新算法对于求解结构SAT问题非常有效.     

求解可满足性问题的改进的模拟退火算法

该文为可满足性问题的高效近似求解提出了改进的模拟退火算法。数值实验表明,对于该文随机产生的测试问题例,改进的模拟退火算法完全胜过局部搜索算法、模拟退火算法以及目前国际上流行的WSAT算法。     

Onk-positive satisfiability problem

An algorithm for solving the satisfiability problem is presented. It is proved that this algorithm solves 2-SAT and Horn-SAT in linear time andk-positive SAT (in which every clause contains at mostk positive literals) in timeO(|F|·ξ _n ^k ), where |F| is the length of inputF, n is the number of atoms occurring inF, and ξ _k is the greatest real number satisfying the equation . Compared with previous results, this nontrivial upper bound on time complexity could only be obtained fork-SAT, which is a subproblem ofk-positive SAT. Research partially supported by NSFC grant 221-4-1439. HUANG Xiong received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science from Peking University in 1992 and 1995 respectively. Now he is a Ph.D. candidate in Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His major research interests are design and analysis of algorithms, computational complexity, and satisfiability problem. LI Wei received his B.S. degree in mathematics from Peking University in 1966 and his Ph.D. degree in computer science from The University of Edinburgh in 1983. Since 1986, he has been a Professor in computer science at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has published over 100 papers in the areas of concurrent programming languages, operational semantics, type theory, and logical foundation of artificial intelligence.     

On optimizing the satisfiability (SAT) problem

1IntroductionThesatisfiability(SAT)problemistodeterminewhetherthereexistsanassignmentofvaluesin{0,1}toasetofBooleanvariables{x1,xm}thatmakesaconjunctivenormalform(CNF)formulatrue.ThesatisfiabilityproblemofaCNFformulawithatmostlliteralsineachclauseiscalledthel-SATproblem.Theoretically,for>3,theSATproblemisawell-knownNP-completeproblem.Andthus,thereexistsnopolynomialtimealgorithmfortheSATproblemontheassumptionthatPNP.Ontheotherhand,theSATproblemisfundamentalinsolvingmanypracticalprob…     

在形式验证和ATPG中的布尔可满足性问题

介绍布尔可满足性(SAT)求解程序在测试向量自动生成、符号模型检查、组合等价性检查和RTL电路设计验证等电子设计自动化领域中的应用．着重阐述如何在算法中有机地结合电路拓扑结构及其与特定应用相关的信息，以便提高问题求解效率．最后给出下一步可能的研究方向。     

基于布尔可满足性的组合电路ATPG算法

布尔可满足性被深入研究并广泛应用于电子设计自动化等领域。该文提出了一种基于布尔可满足性的组合电路ATPG改进算法。在采用当前最新布尔可满足性求解程序加速策略的基础上,比如冲突驱动训练、冲突导向回跳和重启动技术等,引入电路结构信息来实现基于结构的分支决策。通过新增的电路结构信息层,布尔可满足性求解程序只需稍加修改,就能利用和及时更新此信息。最后给出的实验结果表明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability

Satisfiability problems and probabilistic models are core topics of artificial intelligence and computer science. This paper looks at the rich intersection between these two areas, opening the door for the use of satisfiability approaches in probabilistic domains. The paper examines a generic stochastic satisfiability problem, SSAT, which can function for probabilistic domains as SAT does for deterministic domains. It shows the connection between SSAT and well-studied problems in belief network inference and planning under uncertainty, and defines algorithms, both systematic and stochastic, for solving SSAT instances. These algorithms are validated on random SSAT formulae generated under the fixed-clause model. In spite of the large complexity gap between SSAT (PSPACE) and SAT (NP), the paper suggests that much of what we have learned about SAT transfers to the probabilistic domain.     

Complete Boolean Satisfiability Solving Algorithms Based on Local Search

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a well-known problem in computer science, artificial intelligence, and operations research. This paper focuses on the satisfiability problem of Model RB structure that is similar to graph coloring problems and others. We propose a translation method and three effective complete SAT solving algorithms based on the characterization of Model RB structure. We translate clauses into a graph with exclusive sets and relative sets. In order to reduce search depth, we determine search order using vertex weights and clique in the graph. The results show that our algorithms are much more effective than the best SAT solvers in numerous Model RB benchmarks, especially in those large benchmark instances.     

Satisfiability Testing of Boolean Combinations of Pseudo-Boolean Constraints using Local-search Techniques

Some search problems are most directly specified by conjunctions of (sets of) disjunctions of pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints. We study a logic PL ^PB whose formulas are of such form, and design local-search methods to compute models of PL ^PB theories. In our approach we view a PL ^PB theory T as a data structure, a concise representation of a certain propositional conjunctive normal form (CNF) theory cl(T) logically equivalent to T. The key idea is an observation that parameters needed by local-search algorithms for CNF theories, such as walksat, can be estimated on the basis of T without the need to compute cl(T) explicitly. We compare our methods to a local-search algorithm wsat(oip). The experiments demonstrate that our approach performs better. In order for wsat(oip) to handle arbitrary PL ^PB theories, it is necessary to represent disjunctions of PB constraints by sets of PB constraints, which often increases the size of the theory dramatically. A better performance of our method underscores the importance of developing solvers that work directly on PL ^PB theories. This paper combines and extends results included in conference papers [14, 15].     

安全协议中的形式化验证技术

伴随着网络和通信的迅速发展,安全已经成为一个备受关注的问题,为确保不同系统的安全,出现了许多的安全协议.文中描述了安全协议验证的形式化需求,并且详细阐述了目前流行的几种形式化的验证技术及各自的优缺点,探讨了形式化验证技术所面临的挑战,指出目前在这方面所做的工作以及有待发展的方向.     

安全协议中的形式化验证技术

伴随着网络和通信的迅速发展，安全已经成为一个备受关注的问题，为确保不同系统的安全，出现了许多的安全协议。文中描述了安全协议验证的形式化需求，并且详细阐述了目前流行的几种形式化的验证技术及各自的优缺点，探讨了形式化验证技术所面临的挑战，指出目前在这方面所做的工作以及有待发展的方向。     

基于改进的遗传算法求解可满足性问题

遗传算法(GA)是由Holland提出的一种基于进化论的仿生算法,非常适于求解最优化问题.为了更好地利用SGA求解SAT问题,在将SAT问题等价转换为{0,1}n上的多项式是否存在零点的判断问题基础上,将局部搜索算法(LSA)与SGA相结合,给出一种求解3-SAT问题的改进混合遗传算法(MHGA),并通过对随机大规模3-SAT问题实例的实际求解验证了MHGA的可行性与有效性.     

Formal Techniques for Protocol Specification and Verification

Certain formal approaches, such as transition techniques and reachability analysis, show promising results when applied to protocol specification and verification.     

工作流过程建模中的形式化验证技术

工作流过程建模是一个复杂且易错的过程.若过程定义在投入运行之后被发现有错,则修复错误的代价相当高,这个问题引起了研究界和工业界的高度重视.因此,在建模阶段进行有效的过程验证是十分必要的.综述了工作流过程验证技术的发展现状,包括强调验证的重要性,叙述了需要验证的问题和复杂度;介绍了对验证方法的要求;讨论了过程合理性验证和化简验证技术等;并通过对研究现状的分析和对比,提出了仍然没有解决的问题和将来的工作.