基于低秩稀疏分解优化的图像标签完备

大量上传的网络图像因用户语义标注的随意性,造成了图像标签的不完备,大大降低了图像检索的效率.低秩稀疏是一种有效降低数据噪声的方法.为提高图像语义标签完备的准确度,提出一种基于低秩稀疏分解优化(LRSDO)的图像标签完备方法.首先结合待完备图像的视觉特征和语义搜索其近邻图像集;然后通过低秩稀疏分解模型获得其视觉特征与语义之间的映射关系,并以此预测该图像的候选标签;最后使用面向个体的标签共现频率方法对候选标签进行去噪优化,进而实现对其更加准确的自动图像标签完备.在基准数据集Corel5K和真实数据集Flickr30Concepts上进行了实验,结果表明,该方法在图像标签完备的平均准确率,平均召回率和覆盖率上均表现出更优的性能.     

基于背景先验与低秩恢复的显著性目标检测方法

显著性检测是指计算机通过算法自动识别出图像中的显著性目标，广泛应用于目标识别、图像检索与图像分类等领域。针对现有基于稀疏与低秩矩阵恢复的显著性检测模型中低秩转换矩阵的获取、前景稀疏矩阵的处理以及超像素块之间的关系，需对现有的稀疏与低秩矩阵恢复模型进行优化，使之更好地适用于图像的显著性检测。首先，根据背景的对比度和连通度原则获取图像低秩的背景字典，采用3种尺度分割图像的多个特征矩阵获得图像的前景稀疏矩阵；其次，通过计算邻居像素点之间的影响因子矩阵与置信度矩阵对显著图的结果进行结构约束，并且采用稀疏与低秩矩阵恢复模型对图像进行显著性检测；最后，利用K-means聚类算法的传播机制优化得到的显著图。在公开数据集上进行实验验证,结果证明本文方法能够准确有效地检测出显著性目标。     

融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构

对于图像超分辨率重建而言,通常会将图像的整体信息作为研究对象。然而图像本身含有的大量结构信息并没有得到充分利用。为了提高超分辨率重建的效果,实现对不同特征信息的利用,提出了一种融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构算法。依据图像所具有的低秩性对高分辨率图像进行分解,获得高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分;将对应的低分辨率图像与高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分进行训练,学习得到对应的特征字典;基于高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分分别基于稀疏表示和邻域嵌入进行高分辨率重构;基于低秩矩阵恢复理论,融合邻域回归和稀疏表示重构的高分辨率图像,得到最终的高分辨率图像。在测试集Set5和Set14上将提出的算法与几种经典算法进行对比实验,可视化和量化结果均表明,相比传统超分辨率算法,提出的算法在PSNR和SSIM都有很好的提升。     

基于稀疏结构的图像特征匹配算法

对图像进行全局的特征点检测耗时较长,而且全局特征稳定性不好,这就造成算法的运行速度慢和匹配准确率低,达不到令人满意的匹配效果.在尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）的基础上,通过引入稀疏结构的概念,提出了一种基于稀疏结构的图像特征匹配算法（SSM）.通过稀疏度函数获得像素点的稀疏度值,筛选出稀疏度高的像素点所在的区域,并对该区域进行SIFT特征点检测,通过最佳描述子实现特征匹配.将SSM算法与几种经典算法相比,实验结果表明,本文算法在特征匹配速度和匹配准确率上相比于原算法都有较明显的提高,能够用于目标实时跟踪、图像检索和全景图像拼接等领域.     

基于文本和内容的图像检索算法

为了提高图像检索的效率,提出一种基于文本和内容的图像检索算法。该算法采用稠密的尺度不变特征转换（ DSIFT）构造视觉单词的方式来描述图像内容,依据基于概率潜在语义分析（ PLSA）模型的图像自动标注方法获取的视觉语义对查询图像进行初步检索,在此结果集上对筛选出的语义相关图像按内容相似度排序输出。在数据集Corel1000上的实验结果表明,该算法能够实现有效的图像检索,检索效率优于单一的基于内容的图像检索算法。     

基于低秩稀疏分解与协作表示的图像分类算法

目前,大部分图像分类算法为了获取较高的性能均需要充分的训练学习过程,然而在实际应用中,往往存在训练样本不足及过拟合等问题。为了避免上述问题出现,在朴素贝叶斯最近邻分类算法的原理框架下,基于非负稀疏编码、低秩稀疏分解以及协作表示提出一种非参数学习的图像分类算法。首先,基于非负稀疏编码和最大值汇聚操作表示图像信息,并构建具有低秩性质的同类训练图像集的局部特征矩阵;其次,采用低秩稀疏分解结合别类标签信息构建两类视觉词典以充分利用同类图像的相关性和差异性;最后基于协作表示表征测试图像并进行分类决策,实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于多样性的多视图低秩稀疏子空间聚类算法

本文主要研究如何通过挖掘多视图特征的多样性信息来促进多视图聚类,提出了基于多样性的多视图低秩稀疏子空间聚类算法。该方法直接将视图多样性概念应用于多视图低秩稀疏子空间聚类算法框架中,确保不同视图的子空间表示矩阵的多样性;为了实现多个视图聚类一致性同时达到提高聚类性能的目标,在该框架中引入谱聚类算法共同优化求解。通过对3个图像数据集的实验验证了该算法的有效性,同时其聚类的性能优于已有的单视图及多视图算法。     

基于截断核范数低秩分解的自适应字典学习算法

针对过完备字典直接对图像进行稀疏表示不能很好地剔除高频噪声的影响,压缩感知后图像重构质量不高的问题,提出了基于截断核范数低秩分解的自适应字典学习算法。该算法首先利用截断核范数正则化低秩分解模型对图像矩阵低秩分解得到低秩部分和稀疏部分,其中低秩部分保留了图像的主要信息,稀疏部分主要包含高频噪声及部分物体轮廓信息;然后对图像低秩部分进行分块,依据图像块纹理复杂度对图像块进行分类;最后使用K奇异值分解（K-single value decomposition, K-SVD）字典学习算法,针对不同类别训练出多个不同大小的过完备字典。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能够对图像进行较好的稀疏表示,并在很好地保持图像块特征一致性的同时显著提升图像重构质量。     

基于仿生形象思维方法的图像检索算法的改进

基于仿生形象思维方法的图像检索算法主要是模仿人脑的形象思维对图像认知,从全新角度提取图像特征而设计的一种新算法。此算法把每幅图像都映射成高维空间一个点,通过计算点和点之间的判别函数得到图像之间的关系。该文利用最直接地描述图像内容的视觉特征,即颜色复杂度来提取图像特征,对基于仿生形象思维方法的图像检索算法做进一步研究与改进。实验结果表明该方法比文献[1]基于仿生形象思维方法的图像检索算法的特征提取方法效果有一定的提高。     

基于改进的RPCA人脸识别算法

针对人脸识别中存在遮挡、光照、表情变化等问题,提出了一种基于改进的鲁棒主成分分析的人脸识别算法,它利用人脸的稀疏误差成分准确判断出人脸图像之间的差异。该算法首先对人脸进行低秩恢复,得到表示人脸普通特征的低秩分量和描述人脸差分信息的稀疏误差分量,然后定义稀疏度和平滑度两种描述符来表示稀疏误差分量的特征,最后联合上述两种描述符对人脸图像进行分类判别。实验结果表明,在光照条件和遮挡区域随机的情况下,提出的采用误差图像进行分类判别的算法在处理遮挡、光照、表情变化等人脸识别问题上均具有优越的识别性能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate