信息物理融合系统控制软件的统计模型检验

信息物理融合系统常采用嵌入式实时多任务系统作为其控制软件,这类软件的并发和非确定性给验证带来了困难.提出了一种利用统计模型检验技术分析多任务系统的功能正确性的方法.该方法构造的时间自动机模型以模块化的方式描述了实时多任务系统中的主要成分,包括实时操作系统、周期性任务、偶发任务、共享资源以及物理环境,能够展现多任务系统的细粒度的运行过程及其对物理环境的实时响应.应用该方法分析了玉兔号月球车控制软件的一个早期版本,发现了系统运行中出现的一个特殊错误,识别了实际系统出现错误的条件,再现了出现错误的场景.     

实时系统的多任务调度

讨论了实时系统多任务的调度，对速率单调调度算法进行了改进，以便其能应用于具有非周期任务的实时系统，同时对系统的瞬时过载有一定的适应性。最后，给出了系统中任务可调度的条件。     

基于VxWorks实时多任务的信号处理软件设计

随着嵌入式技术的不断发展,嵌入式软件开发也越来越重要。现代实时系统是在多任务和任务间通信的基础上建立起来的。该文介绍了在VxWorks嵌入式实时操作系统下的多任务软件开发,阐述了多任务的特点及任务调度算法、任务间通信机制。并给出了实时多任务在信号处理软件的设计思路。     

任务图模型中实时任务设计

仿真技术的进步推动了实时系统（如核反应堆，军事战场和fly-wire系统）的深入研究，用仿真方法解决实时问题，必须首先给出实时系统描述模型，TCM（task graph model)模型是实时系统描述模型之一，其模型最重要的成员是实时任务，使用量化仿真方法定义了实时任务的4种参数，并细分任务为子任务，此方法更易描述实时应用系统，更易构造TGM的执行模型，其层次化的结构更容易进行研究和软件实现，TGM模型及其任务设计已成功地应用于分布式三星实时侦察仿真系统。     

利用实时内核开发嵌入式多任务程序

嵌入式系统应用日益复杂化,传统的前台/后台程序开发机制已经不能满足需求,目前更多地采用抢占式实时内核开发嵌入式多任务系统.实时内核为多任务应用程序提供最基本和最重要的服务.本文介绍实时内核和多任务,并提出利用实时内核进行系统开发时,根据系统功能合理构造任务的方法.     

实时多处理器系统的双优先级调度算法

针对同构多处理器系统提出一种基于双优先级的实时任务调度算法.对偶发任务进行接受测试,进一步提高了系统对偶发任务调度的成功率.模拟结果表明,当多核处理器系统利用率达到极限时,该算法依然能够在完成强实时周期任务的成功调度前提下,保证软实时周期任务和偶发任务具有较高的调度成功率.     

基于Linux的多核实时任务调度算法改进

嵌入式实时系统通常被实现为多任务系统,以满足多个外部输入的响应时间的最后期限约束。Linux内核中已经实现了基于EDF(Earliest Deadline First)调度算法的DL调度器,使得实时任务能在截止期限内运行完成。但对于多核处理器,由于实时任务在EDF算法下会出现Dhall效应,论文对 Linux内核中实时任务调度算法进行了改进。在EDF算法的基础上,实现LLF(Least Laxity First)调度算法并对其加以改进,通过降低任务上下文切换频率以及减少松弛度的计算来减小调度过程中的颠簸现象。实验证明该方法既避免了Dhall效应,又减少了任务上下文切换带来的系统开销,并使得任务能在截止期限内完成调度,取得了较好的调度性能。     

分布式实时系统中的预测调度算法

对于分布式实时系统中的周期性任务,人们提出了一系列静态分配调度算法,有效地解决了各种特定条件下的任务分配和调度问题.这些算法的主要特点是,它们均要求被调度任务的特征参数为已知条件.然而在很多实时系统中,周期性任务的运行时间或任务数量常常是一些具有一定规律的随机过程,因而上述静态算法的效能将受到限制.在分析了特定应用背景中的处理流程之后,抽象得到两类随机任务模型,针对这两类模型介绍了在分布式实时系统中已经得到应用的静态分配调度算法SAA(static allocation algorithms),进而提出了多任务分配调度的预测算法PAA(predicting allocation algorithm).它根据周期性任务执行时间或子任务数量的统计特性,实现任务参量的合理预测和多任务的动态调度,以提高系统的实时性能.仿真结果表明,对于两类任务模型,PAA算法与SAA算法相比,在任务完成时间、负载均衡度、系统响应时间及任务夭折率等多方面均有显著改善.     

实时多处理器动态调度算法的研究与应用

实时多处理器系统的动态调度算法一直是实时系统研究中的重要课题。该文首先介绍了实时多处理器动态调度的几种方法,并对这些方法进行了分析、对比和研究。然后针对水下航行器制导系统多任务特点,讨论了水下航行器制导系统的动力学、运动学模型及控制、导引方程,并对其任务进行详细划分。最后结合任务的偏序关系、运行时间及截止期,对水下航行器多任务模型进行了实时多处理器动态调度,给出最佳调度方案。     

考虑中断和上下文切换开销的响应时间分析

实时嵌入式系统多采用中断和上下文切换实现多任务间调度,在对此类系统进行可调度性分析时,在任务的最差响应时间计算中必须包含中断和上下文切换开销.现有包含这些开销的方法是将中断作为高优先级任务同时将上下文切换开销加入到任务最差执行时间中进行分析,然而这些方法过于粗略,缺乏对实际系统细节的考虑,计算得到的最差响应时间并不精确.本文首先对中断和上下文切换的机制和时间流程进行详细的阐述,进而分析中断和上下文切换对任务关键性时刻的影响,接着给出包含上述开销的更加精确的响应时间计算方法,最后进行仿真验证.本文扩展了包含系统调度开销的响应时间计算方法,可用于资源受限的硬实时系统中需要精确计算响应时间的场合.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate