基于扫描匹配预处理的即时定位与地图创建

研究了室内自主移动机器人的即时定位与地图创建问题。分析了目前解决SLAM问题的方法,提出了基于扫描匹配预处理的即时定位与地图创建,用扫描匹配为SLAM提供机器人先验位姿信息。对实验结果和数据的分析,得出了所提出方法可进一步提高SLAM的精度和鲁棒性。     

未知环境中移动机器人SLAM问题的研究进展

移动机器人的定位与地图创建是机器人研究中一个基础且重要的问题。本文对该领域的最新进展进行了综述．特别侧重于未知环境中机器人并发定位与地图创建(SLAM)问题；比较详细地分析了地图表示方法、定位和环境特征的提取、不确定信息的表示和处理等关键技术：同时对几种典型的SLAM方法进行了介绍：阐述了移动机器人SLAM问题研究中所面临的主要问题．并探计了将来的发展方向。     

基于激光雷达的移动机器人定位和地图创建

针对未知环境下移动机器人定位和地图创建问题,提出了创建局部地图-机器人定位-更新全局地图的方法和步骤.利用激光雷达数据,采用"聚合-分割-聚合"的方法并运用动态阈值获得精确的局部地图.通过匹配局部地图和全局地图的线段关系,实现了机器人的定位,更新了机器人的位姿,减少了机器人的系统误差和环境误差,进而完成了全局地图的创建与更新.实验证明,此算法可以在实现机器人定位的同时获得精确的环境地图,并且有效的缩短了地图生成时间,可靠性高、实时性好.     

机器人同时定位与地图构建技术研究*

移动机器人同时定位与地图创建是实现未知环境下机器人自主导航的关键性技术,具有广泛的应用前景,也是目前机器人研究的热门课题之一。针对国内外近年来关于移动机器人同时定位与地图创建的研究工作进行了总结和分析,重点介绍了机器人的地图创建方法类别、基于概率理论的自主定位方法、同时定位与地图创建的问题描述及研究方法等方面的发展现状及存在的不足。     

自主移动机器人的室内结构化环境地图创建

定位与地图创建是自主移动机器人领域研究的重要课题.本文阐述了一种以扩展卡尔曼滤波算法为主要框架,运用直接位姿控制模型描述机器人运动的算法,实现了机器人在室内结构化环境中的同时定位和地图创建.仿真与实验结果表明,里程计信息无法满足定位和创建环境地图的要求,本文算法则能够实现机器人的精确定位.并生成满足一致性要求的地图.     

基于环境特征的机器人同时定位与地图创建

移动机器人同时定位和地图创建是实现移动机器人完全自主导航的关键.本文提出了一个通用的移动机器人同时定位与地图创建基本框架,接着对扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法进行了详细的分析,最后通过基于点特征和扩展卡尔曼滤波器的同时定位与地图创建仿真实验,验证了框架的可行性.目的是为开展同时定位与地图创建的研究提供一种可行的研究方案,以推动我国移动机器人技术的发展.     

无嗅卡尔曼滤波在移动机器人定位中的应用

为了更有效、可靠地从传感器原始数据中获取信息,介绍了一种移动机器人同步定位与地图创建的方法。该方法使用二维激光测距传感器实现室内环境中的移动机器人自主定位,依靠无嗅卡尔曼滤波器减少定位过程中所产生的误差;通过激光测距仪采集机器人所在环境数据的曲率函数,将环境特征分解为直线、拐角和曲线三类基本定位特征,并结合环境地图得到机器人位置和姿态的最优解。试验结果表明,该定位方法对于室内环境是有效的。     

移动机器人的同步自定位与地图创建研究进展

自主移动机器人在未知环境下作业时,首先要解决的基本问题就是其自身的定位问题,而定位问题与环境地图的创建又是相辅相成的.本文从相关理论和关键技术等方面,系统地总结了同步自定位和地图创建的研究现状,着重介绍了基于概率论的方法,分析了目前存在的难题,并指出了未来研究的发展方向.     

一种基于特征地图的移动机器人SLAM方案

设计了一种结构化环境中基于特征地图的地图创建方案;采用激光测距仪进行特征地图创建,利用"聚合-分害虫-聚合"的方法来提取线段表示环境信息实现局部地图创建;为了实现移动机器人的同时定位与地图创建,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对机器人的位姿与地图信息进行预测及更新,结合状态估计和数据关联理论,实验显示x的校正量保持在±0.9cm之内;y的校正量保持在±2.5cm之内;θ的校正量在±1.2之内,实现了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的SLAM.     

室内自主移动机器人定位方法研究综述

定位是确定机器人在其作业环境中所处位置的过程．应用传感器感知信息实现可靠的定位是自主移动机器人最基本、也是最重要的一项功能之一．本文对室内自主移动机器人的定位技术进行了综述，提出了一种通用的控制结构，对其中与定位相关的地图结构、位姿估计方法进行了详细介绍，指出了地图构造、全局定位、数据关联、同步定位与地图构造、信息融合及协同定位所应用的方法及存在的问题．     

基于概率的移动机器人SLAM算法框架

在移动机器人同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)过程中,机器人本身位置不确定,其所处环境也不可预知,针对这些不确定性因素,应用贝叶斯规则作为理论基础,建立移动机器人SLAM算法的概率表示模型,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器实现SLAM算法,并介绍一种激光雷达数据与特征地图的数据关联方法。实验结果表明,该方法为实现SLAM算法提供了一种有效可靠的途径。     

Novel Sonar Salient Feature Structure for Extended Kalman Filter-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping of Mobile Robots

Abstract

Not all line or point features capable of being extracted by sonar sensors from a cluttered home environment are useful for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of a mobile robot. This is due to unfavorable conditions such as environmental ambiguity and sonar measurement uncertainty. We present a novel sonar feature structure suitable for a cluttered environment and the extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based SLAM scheme. The key concept is to extract circle feature clouds on salient convex objects by sonar data association called convex saliency circling. The centroid of each circle cloud, called a sonar salient feature, is used as a natural landmark for EKF-based SLAM. By investigating the environmental inherent feature locality, cylindrical objects are augmented conveniently at the weak SLAM-able area as a natural supplementary saliency to achieve consistent SLAM performance. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and robustness of the proposed sonar salient feature structure for EKF-based SLAM.     

SLAM in Indoor Environments using Omni-directional Vertical and Horizontal Line Features

An autonomous mobile robot must have the ability to navigate in an unknown environment. The simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) problem have relation to this autonomous ability. Vision sensors are attractive equipment for an autonomous mobile robot because they are information-rich and rarely have restrictions on various applications. However, many vision based SLAM methods using a general pin-hole camera suffer from variation in illumination and occlusion, because they mostly extract corner points for the feature map. Moreover, due to the narrow field of view of the pin-hole camera, they are not adequate for a high speed camera motion. To solve these problems, this paper presents a new SLAM method which uses vertical lines extracted from an omni-directional camera image and horizontal lines from the range sensor data. Due to the large field of view of the omni-directional camera, features remain in the image for enough time to estimate the pose of the robot and the features more accurately. Furthermore, since the proposed SLAM does not use corner points but the lines as the features, it reduces the effect of illumination and partial occlusion. Moreover, we use not only the lines at corners of wall but also many other vertical lines at doors, columns and the information panels on the wall which cannot be extracted by a range sensor. Finally, since we use the horizontal lines to estimate the positions of the vertical line features, we do not require any camera calibration. Experimental work based on MORIS, our mobile robot test bed, moving at a human’s pace in the real indoor environment verifies the efficacy of this approach.     

Probabilistic structure matching for visual SLAM with a multi-camera rig

We propose to use a multi-camera rig for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), providing flexibility in sensor placement on mobile robot platforms while exploiting the stronger localization constraints provided by omni-directional sensors. In this context, we present a novel probabilistic approach to data association, that takes into account that features can also move between cameras under robot motion. Our approach circumvents the combinatorial data association problem by using an incremental expectation maximization algorithm. In the expectation step we determine a distribution over correspondences by sampling. In the maximization step, we find optimal parameters of a density over the robot motion and environment structure. By summarizing the sampling results in so-called virtual measurements, the resulting optimization simplifies to the equivalent optimization problem for known correspondences. We present results for simulated data, as well as for data obtained by a mobile robot equipped with a multi-camera rig.     

基于粒子滤波的无线传感器网络辅助同步定位与地图创建方法研究

提出了一种新颖的无线传感器网络（WSN）辅助的移动机器人同步定位与地图创建（SLAM）方法, 解决了传统SLAM 方法难以解决的求解问题空间维数高和多数据关联困难两大问题．为该WSN 辅助的SLAM 方法建立了模型,并进行了噪声分析;在此基础上,提出一种适用本方法的分布式粒子滤波数据融合算法．着重 分析了粒子初始化、预测、序贯重要性采样和重采样等关键步骤,并通过仿真实验分析验证了该方法的正确性和 高效率．实验结果表明,采用粒子滤波算法,并综合无线传感器网络进行辅助导航,可以极大地降低求解问题空 间维数,解决多数据关联错误问题,可以完全不依赖锚节点完成盲节点高精度定位;同时,还能够有效地提高移 动机器人定位与地图创建精度,特别是在不要求机器人路径闭合的情况下可以有效抑制惯性导航的误差累计．     

General Feature Extraction for Mapping and Localization of a Mobile Robot Using Sparsely Sampled Sonar Data

This study introduces a method of general feature extraction for building a map and localization of a mobile robot using only sparsely sampled sonar data. Sonar data are acquired by using a general fixed-type sensor ring that frequently provides false returns on the locations of objects. We first suggest a data association filter that can classify sets of sonar data that are associated with the same hypothesized feature into one group. A feature extraction method is then introduced to decide the exact geometric parameters of the hypothesized feature in the group. We also show the possibility of extracting a circle feature consistently as well as a line or a point feature by using the proposed filter. These features are then assembled to build a global map and applied to extended Kalman filter-based localization of the robot. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed filter with the results of mapping and localization produced by real experiments.     

基于视觉的同时定位与地图构建方法综述

基于视觉的自主导航与路径规划是移动机器人研究的关键技术,对基于视觉的计算机导航与同时定位及地图构建（SLAM）方法近三十年的发展进行了总结和展望。将视觉导航分为室内导航和室外导航,并详细阐述了每一种子类型的特点和方法。对于室内视觉导航,列举了经典导航模型和技术方法,探讨了解决SLAM问题的最新进展：HTM-SLAM算法和基于特征的算法;对室外视觉导航,阐述了国际国内目前的研究动态。     

Multiple‐Robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: A Review

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in unknown GPS‐denied environments is a major challenge for researchers in the field of mobile robotics. Many solutions for single‐robot SLAM exist; however, moving to a platform of multiple robots adds many challenges to the existing problems. This paper reviews state‐of‐the‐art multiple‐robot systems, with a major focus on multiple‐robot SLAM. Various issues and problems in multiple‐robot SLAM are introduced, current solutions for these problems are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.     

两种基于激光雷达的SLAM算法最优参数分析

激光雷达是移动机器人同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)的重要模块.对目前主流的基于激光雷达的SLAM方法(Gmapping和Hector SLAM)进行研究,借助开源机器人操作系统(ROS),在自主研发的移动机器人平台上配备激光雷达,实现了不同参数配置下两种算法的地图构建.实验为参数最优配置指明了方向,且证明了Hector SLAM的整体构图精度高于Gmapping,但对参数配置要求较高.