超标量处理器乱序提交机制的研究与设计

针对超标量处理器中长周期执行指令延迟退休及持续译码导致的重排序缓存（ROB）阻塞问题,提出一种指令乱序提交机制。通过设计容量可配置的多缓存指令提交结构,实现存储器操作指令和ALU类型指令的分类退休,根据超标量处理器架构及性能需求对目标缓存和存储缓存容量进行参数化配置降低流水线阻塞风险,同时利用指令目的寄存器编码提交模式加快指令提交速率。实验结果表明,该机制提高了单次指令提交数量,基于该机制的超标量处理器相比传统基于ROB顺序提交机制的超标量处理器在减少硬件开销的情况下平均IPC指数提升46%,相比基于值预测、乱序退休和组提交的超标量处理器平均IPC指数增益为19%,综合性能更优。     

浅谈微处理器架构

微处理器架构广泛应用于微处理器设计。该文主要论述了流水线对处理器性能的影响,微处理器架构的关键技术包括缓存存储器、缓存一致性、分支预测、寄存器重命名、微指令、重新排序等技术。     

基于RISC-V参数化超标量处理器的优化设计

为解决嵌入式领域对处理器不同性能面积的需求,以及对重排序缓冲区阻塞,保留站派遣长短周期指令时导致的吞吐率不平衡及堵塞问题,设计并优化了一种简便配置的参数化流水线超标量处理器。通过定制化流水线中的分支预测,缓存与运算单元,将RISC-V指令划分5大类处理,对不同周期的执行单元采用级联与并行的混合分布方式,将充当排序缓存中的指令再派遣,达到指令暂存和分类执行的目的,使一条不定周期指令可以携带多条单周期指令提交。缓存之间以直连方式进行通信,以避免复杂的公共数据总线以降低时序损耗。实验结果表明,该处理器可以通过配置达到IPC为0.746~1.476之间的性能,平均比同类型处理器IPC提升132.4%。     

超标量处理器中寄存器别名表恢复方法的改进研究

寄存器重命名是超标量处理器用于提升指令集并行度的重要方法,其基本实现方式是通过寄存器别名表来记录逻辑寄存器和物理寄存器的映射关系,当发生分支预测错误时需要对寄存器别名表中的内容进行恢复。针对于现有的恢复方法没有利用重命名的局部性特征,在处理器的指令窗口增加时暴露出实现代价过大的问题,提出了一种基于区间进行寄存器别名表恢复的改进型恢复方法,通过对walk方法的改造,使用区间计分板来确定需要扫描的地址范围,并精确地控制每个区间的扫描,可以大大减小资源浪费。通过对逻辑综合结果和性能进行分析,相比于检查点恢复的传统设计,这种方法使用更少的面积和功耗,达到与检查点方式恢复接近的性能,也具有更好的扩展潜力。     

基于预取和缓存原理的片上Flash加速控制器设计

为了提高片上Flash在嵌入式应用中的读取速度,提出了一种基于预取和缓存原理的片上Flash加速控制器。该控制器包括预取缓存和高速缓存两种加速方案。其中预取缓存方案采用位宽扩展和预取技术加速顺序指令的读取,并采用分支缓存存储非顺序指令,降低由非顺序指令造成的预取缺失代价;而高速缓存方案采用组相联和路预测技术,提高指令重用率,减少Flash访问次数,降低系统功耗。针对不同的应用场景,两种加速方案既可通过寄存器来静态切换,也可通过软件流程来自适应动态切换,从而获得最佳的读取速度提升。多项基准程序的测试结果表明了所提出的片上Flash加速控制器在性能和功耗优化上的可行性和高效性。     

分片式处理器上的谓词执行技术优化

谓词执行能使分片式处理器充分利用众多的执行单元,开发指令级并行性.但因此形成的超块也使得分支误预测代价增大,所以提高分支预测器的性能至关重要.本文提出一种基于剖析信息决策的谓词执行技术,该技术利用剖析信息对谓词执行前后的执行周期进行估算,从而对分支的谓词执行进行决策.该技术使分支预测器的命中率提高了0.68%～3.50%,使系统性能提高了1.67%～8.33%.同时,利用select指令表示谓词化指令也消除了重命名阶段寄存器多定义问题.     

适用于多核处理器的扩展寄存器文件设计

针对处理器中可用寄存器数量有限的问题,提出一种适用于多核处理器的扩展寄存器文件设计方案。采用多组结构进行硬件设计,将通信端口映射在扩展寄存器地址空间上,以实现寄存器寻址核间通信机制,引入兼具底层指令与高层封装的混合软件配置方案,改进软件编译流程。评估结果表明,该方案将可用寄存器文件的数量增加一倍,核间通信指令数目减少50%,系统吞吐率得到优化。     

一种面向嵌入式处理器的昏睡子块唤醒方法

针对嵌入式处理器中日益明显的指令Cache漏功耗,提出了一种基于当前指令状态标志位的分支预测和返回目标寄存器映射的昏睡子块唤醒方法;该方法根据处理器执行过程中指令状态位提前判断分支指令的目标子块,同时设计了一种返回地址目标寄存器映射的结构,提前判断函数返回指令的目标子块。在消除唤醒延迟带来的性能损失基础上,提高了处理器的性能;通过实验对比,该方法可以减小36%的指令Cache静态功耗,同时处理器性能平均有13%的提高。     

HR-2 DSP核的周期精度模拟器设计

HR-2(华睿2号)是核高基重大专项中面向雷达应用的一款高性能数字信号处理器。为了给HR-2 DSP核开发提供一款模拟器以进行性能评测和优化指导,并提前进行多核架构的探索,提出一种高效的周期精度软件模拟器建模方法。首先分析该处理器的流水线结构,指令动态执行和分支预测机制,然后使用LISA语言在PD(Processor Designer)工具中对该处理器的流水线、指令集和寄存器重命名等内容进行设计实现,从而开发出HR-2 DSP核的周期精度模拟器模型。实验结果表明,基于该建模方法开发的模拟器周期精度误差在10%以内,可以进行高精度的处理器性能评测和各种模式下的架构探索。     

指令调度中的寄存器重命名技术

指令间的依赖关系是阻碍指令调度发挥作用，进而影响指令级并行的主要障碍。寄存器重命名是解决控制依赖和数据依赖的一种重要技术。研究并实现了一种指令调度中的寄存器重命名技术。它在164．gzip和186．crafty上分别取得了约5％和3％的加速比。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate