非介入式手术导航中医学图像配准算法

提出一种用于非介入手术导航中基于自由变形模型的多模态医学图像非刚性配准方法,对术前MRI/CT和术中超声图像中都可见的血管结构进行配准.当图像对准时,一种图像中的血管中心点对应着另一种图像下灰度脊点;对于全局变换采用刚性变换、局部形变采用基于函数控制B样条的自由变形模型来描述;采用遗传算法和共轭梯度法相结合达到最小化目标函数.将文中算法应用于体模和临床数据,在配准精度和收敛速度上都取得了良好的效果.     

基于P样条和局部互信息的非刚性医学图像配准*

为了克服互信息仅考虑两幅图像相应像素的灰度信息,忽略了图像本身的内在空间信息,以及B样条变换模型存在形变场奇异点的缺陷,提出一种基于P样条和局部互信息的非刚性医学图像配准方法。该方法以局部互信息为相似性测度,采用P样条变换模型模拟待配准图像的几何形变,然后使用三次插值算法对图像像素进行赋值,结合对大规模参数优化效率高的LBFGS算法对配准参数进行优化。实验结果表明,该方法较传统的互信息和B样条变换模型都有效地提高了配准的精度。     

基于多通道稀疏编码的非刚性多模态医学图像配准

针对稀疏编码相似性测度在非刚性医学图像配准中对灰度偏移场具有较好的鲁棒性,但只适用于单模态医学图像配准的问题,提出基于多通道稀疏编码的非刚性多模态医学图像配准方法。该方法将多模态配准问题视为一个多通道配准问题来解决,每个模态在一个单独的通道下运行;首先对待配准的两幅图像分别进行合成和正则化,然后划分通道和图像块,使用K奇异值分解（K-SVD）算法训练每个通道中的图像块得到分析字典和稀疏系数,并对每个通道进行加权求和,采用多层P样条自由变换模型来模拟非刚性几何形变,结合梯度下降法优化目标函数。实验结果表明,与局部互信息、多通道局部方差和残差复杂性（MCLVRC）、多通道稀疏诱导的相似性测度（MCSISM）、多通道Rank Induced相似性测度（MCRISM）多模态相似性测度相比,均方根误差分别下降了30.86%、22.24%、26.84%和16.49%。所提方法能够有效克服多模态医学图像配准中灰度偏移场对配准的影响,提高配准的精度和鲁棒性。     

一种面向医学图像非刚性配准的多维特征度量方法

医学图像的非刚性配准对于临床的精确诊疗具有重要意义.待配准图像对中目标的大形变和灰度分布呈各向异性给非刚性配准带来困难.本文针对这个问题,提出基于多维特征的联合Renyi α-entropy度量结合全局和局部特征的非刚性配准算法.首先,采用最小距离树构造联合Renyi α-entropy,建立多维特征度量新方法.然后,演绎出新度量准则相对于形变模型参数的梯度解析表达式,采用随机梯度下降法进行参数寻优.最终,将图像的Canny特征和梯度方向特征融入新度量中,实现全局和局部特征相结合的非刚性配准.通过在36对宫颈磁共振（Magnetic resonance,MR）图像上的实验,该方法的配准精度相比较于传统互信息法和互相关系数法有明显提高.这也表明,这种度量新方法能克服因图像局部灰度分布不一致造成的影响,一定程度地减少误匹配,为临床的精确诊疗提供科学依据.     

基于小波变换的脑部医学Demons图像配准

非刚性配准是医学图像处理的一个重要研究方向;针对Demons衍生出的一系列经典的配准算法在医学图像应用上计算复杂、方向信息不足问题进行了研究;基于光流场模型的Demons算法依赖图像灰度梯度使图像发生变形,当缺乏梯度信息时,力不能确定,因而容易造成误差,并且该算法仅适合于单模态图像配准;为此文章提出了一种基于小波变换理论的频域Demons配准处理方法(B-Demons);该方法利用小波变换能够对各个尺度、方向和位置实现较好定位的优势,通过高频、低频的图像变换反映出图像的特征信息;实验结果证明了算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于自适应分数阶的医学图像非刚性配准

现有的医学图像配准算法对于灰度均匀、弱边缘以及弱纹理图像易陷入局部最优从而导致配准精度低下、收敛速度缓慢. 分数阶主动Demons (Fractional active Demons, FAD)算法是解决该问题的有效方法, 并且适用于图像的非刚性配准. 但FAD中的最佳分数阶阶次是人工交互选取, 并且对整幅图像都是固定不变的. 为了解决该问题, 提出一种阶次自适应的主动Demons算法并将其应用到医学图像的非刚性配准中. 算法首先根据图像的局部特征建立分数阶阶次自适应的数学模型, 并逐像素计算最优阶次, 基于该阶次构造Riemann-Liouvill (R-L)分数阶微分动态模板; 然后将自适应R-L分数阶微分引入到Active Demons算法, 在一定程度上缓解了图像配准在弱边缘和弱纹理区域易陷入局部最优问题, 从而提高了配准精度. 通过在两个医学图像库上进行实验验证, 实验结果表明该方法可以处理灰度均匀、弱纹理和弱边缘的医学图像非刚性配准, 配准精度得到较大提升.     

融合SIFT特征的熵图估计医学图像非刚性配准

配准准确性是医学图像配准算法的一项重要指标,像素灰度是目前图像配准中广泛使用的特征,但是灰度特征来源单一,而且忽略空间信息,在一些情况下容易产生误配。针对这个问题,本文提出一种融合SIFT特征的熵图估计医学图像非刚性配准算法。该算法首先使用基于互信息的刚性配准算法对两幅待配准图像进行粗配;然后,在采样点上提取像素灰度和SIFT高维特征,并在此基础上构造k-最邻近图(kNNG);最后,使用k-最邻近图来估计α互信息(αMI)。实验结果表明:和传统的基于互信息和像素灰度的刚性配准算法,基于熵图估计和单一像素灰度特征的非刚性配准算法相比,本文提出的算法具有更高的配准准确性。     

黎曼流形上的多模态医学图像配准

针对传统多模态配准方法忽视图像的结构信息和像素间的空间关系,并假定灰度全局一致的前提。本文提出了一种在黎曼流形上的多模态医学图像配准算法。首先采用线性动态模型捕捉图像的高维空间的非线性结构和局部信息,然后通过参数化动态模型构造出一种李群群元,形成黎曼流形,继而将流形嵌入到高维的再生核希尔伯特空间,再在核空间上学习出相似性测度。仿真和临床数据实验结果表明本文算法在刚体配准和仿射配准精度上均优于传统互信息方法和基于邻域的相似性测度学习方法。     

基于 Nyström 低阶近似和谱特征的图像非刚性配准

图像非刚性配准在计算机视觉和医学图像有着重要的作用.然而存在的非刚性配准算法对严重扭曲变形的图像配准精度和效率都比较低.针对该问题,提出基于Nystrm低阶近似和谱特征的图像非刚性配准算法.算法首先提取像素的谱特征,并将谱特征与空间特征、灰度特征融合形成具有扭曲不变性的全局谱特征; 然后在微分同胚配准的框架内使用全局谱匹配,确保算法产生的变形场具有光滑性、可逆性、可微性,以提高配准的精度;其次采用Nystrm抽样方法,随机抽取拉普拉斯矩阵的行与列,低阶逼近该矩阵,降低高维矩阵谱分解的时间,从而提高配准的效率;最后提出基于小波分解的多分辨率图像配准方法,进一步提高配准的精度和效率.理论分析和实验结果均表明,该算法的配准精度和配准效率都有明显的提高.     

基于活动轮廓模型的脑部医学图像弹性配准

针对传统互信息弹性配准方法在医学图像应用上计算量大、处理速度慢的问题提出了一种基于活动轮廓模型(CVL-BFGS)医学图像配准方法。该算法结合了图像局部轮廓信息和全局变化信息,通过提取图像的边缘轮廓,可以有效地挖掘轮廓信息,并克服了弹性配准算法容易陷入局部极值问题,使图像配准的结果更加稳定。同时该算法为全局互信息配准提供一个通过局部配准得到的更优初始值,从而降低了整体配准的迭代次数,提高图像配准效率,并证明了该算法的鲁棒性和有效性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate