二甲醚精馏装置的模拟与分析

二甲醚精馏是甲醇制二甲醚工艺中的重要工段。本文应用PRO/II流程模拟软件,采用PR方程计算气相组分的逸度系数,利用NRTL法计算液相活度系数,实现了对二甲醚精馏过程的流程模拟。在操作压力为0.83 MPa下,考察了年产20万吨甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚工艺中二甲醚精馏塔进料温度、原料进料位置和回流比对二甲醚分离效果的影响。模拟结果和实际操作数据吻合良好,可用于指导生产装置的改造和设计。     

萃取精馏法分离正丁醇-异丁醇的模拟和实验研究（英文）

采用连续侧线出料精馏法对原料进行预处理,切取正丁醇-异丁醇富集液。采用色谱法在汽液平衡釜上探索正丁醇-异丁醇在溶剂中的分配效果,选择甘油为最适合的萃取溶剂。运用Aspen Plus模拟软件对正丁醇-异丁醇萃取精馏塔进行过程模拟,考察了蒸馏流率、理论塔板数、原料和溶剂的进料位置、回流比、溶剂比对正丁醇异-丁醇混合物分离效果的影响。通过正交化设计优化和验证实验,得到最佳萃取精馏塔的操作条件,即蒸馏流率D9=17 kg/br,理论塔板数N=49,原料进料位置NF--29,溶剂进料位置NS=8,回流比R=6,溶剂比S:F=11:1。研究结果表明在最佳操作条件下,塔顶异丁醇纯度可以提高到99.80%,得率为89.38%,塔底正丁醇纯度可达到97.53%,得率为99.96%,验证实验结果与模拟结果相对误差小于1%。研究结果为进一步实验研究提供基础参数。     

乙烯基降冰片烯减压精馏系统的模拟与优化

汽相采用Virial方程,液相采用Wilson方程汽液平衡模型,对乙烯基降冰片烯（VNB）合成液减压精馏系统建立了复杂精馏塔的数学模型,采用严格的三对角矩阵法编制了适用于非理想完全互溶体系精馏塔模拟计算程序,经过模拟与优化计算,得到了达到分离要求（塔顶VNB含量≥99％）精馏塔最佳回流比、最适宜进料板序数、最佳全塔理论塔板数等的操作参数,模拟计算结果与实验结果相吻合,证明该模拟系统准确可靠,从而为乙烯基降冰片烯（VNB）合成液减压精馏系统工程设计提供了依据。     

酯交换合成碳酸二乙酯反应精馏工艺的模拟

碳酸二乙酯是一种性能优良的绿色溶剂,在锂离子电池行业中应用广泛。以碳酸二甲酯和乙醇为原料,采用反应精馏工艺生产碳酸二乙酯是目前的主流工艺。由于该反应分为两步进行,因此如何调节工艺参数来提高反应物转化率和产品收率是工业生产中的重要问题。本文以实验得出的动力学方程、UNIQUAC热力学模型,应用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件实现了工业实际反应精馏工艺流程的模拟,详细讨论了进料位置、回流比、进料配比等因素对反应精馏塔性能的影响。结果表明,模拟值与实验值吻合良好,在回流比为4.5～5,混合进料第20块板,进料醇酯比2.5:1,反应段（2～31）块板,空速小于0.18 hr^-1时,反应精馏塔性能最佳。模拟结果对反应精馏合成碳酸二乙酯的工艺设计和过程优化具有重要指导意义。     

萃取精馏分离乙醇-甲苯共沸体系的模拟与优化

利用化工流程模拟软件,选用Wilson模型作为气液平衡的计算模型,对萃取精馏分离乙醇-甲苯共沸物的过程进行模拟研究。考察不同溶剂对乙醇一甲苯相对挥发度的影响,筛选出适宜的溶剂为正丙苯。对溶剂和原料的进料位置、溶剂比、回流比和溶剂进料温度对萃取精馏效果的影响进行了模拟分析。在保证产品乙醇、甲苯质量分数均在0.998以上的条件下,萃取精馏塔模拟优化结果为:全塔总理论板数35块,溶剂进料位置第16块塔板、原料进料位置第32块塔板、溶剂比1.2、回流比1.6、溶剂进料温度为常温。模拟结果可用于指导实际过程分析和设计。     

芳烃联合装置邻二甲苯精馏塔流程模拟与优化

化工流程模拟软件不断发展,越来越多的化工装置开始采用流程模拟来优化装置的操作。基于精馏过程的实际运行数据,建立了能够良好描述装置实际运行工况的模型,实现了对芳烃联合装置邻二甲苯精馏过程的流程模拟。利用Aspen Plus建立装置模型,按照工艺条件及产品分离要求,使用设计规定工具,对采用精馏方式从混合C8～C10物料中分离邻二甲苯(OX)工艺进行研究。模拟结果与实际工业过程数据相符,能够满足工业建模的要求。基于模型,研究了进料塔板位置、回流比和塔顶采出量等变量对装置稳定运行的影响,从进料塔板,塔顶采出量和进料组分等方面提出了优化建议。研究结果表明:精馏塔塔顶采出量为OX产品主要杂质异丙苯(IPB)含量的显著影响因素。据此提出了包括回流比和塔顶采出量参数的优化方案,可以使主要杂质异丙苯的含量下降40%的同时,每年可节省燃料成本。     

亚硝酸甲酯合成过程中反应精馏塔的模拟与优化

煤制乙二醇工艺过程是重要的煤化工过程,目前对其的研究都未涉及到工艺参数的优化。本文采用Aspen Plus软件,结合煤制乙二醇工艺过程中亚硝酸甲酯合成反应精馏的特点,选用合适的反应动力学模型,对亚硝酸甲酯的反应精馏塔进行模拟。利用灵敏度分析模块,考察了全塔理论板数,进料位置和回流比等对塔顶亚硝酸甲酯质量流率的影响。研究发现全塔理论板数为41块、气相进料和液相甲醇最佳进料塔板位置分别为第35块和第1块、质量回流比为0.156时,得到的塔顶亚硝酸甲酯的质量流率比较高,该值与设计值误差为1.9%。本文的研究结果将为工业生产提供重要的参考。     

反应精馏制备碳酸二乙酯的过程模拟与优化

碳酸二乙酯(Diethyl carbonate,DEC)是一种绿色环保的化工产品,用途广泛,具有良好的工业应用价值。为避免传统工艺副产物多、产物难分离等问题,采用碳酸丙烯酯一步法合成碳酸二乙酯,并将反应精馏技术应用于碳酸丙烯酯与乙醇酯交换反应生产碳酸二乙酯工艺中。以乙醇钠为催化剂条件下碳酸丙烯酯酯交换反应动力学为基础,应用Aspen Plus软件对反应精馏过程进行模拟,分别探讨了反应精馏塔精馏段、反应段和提馏段理论板数、醇酯进料比、操作回流比和塔顶采出进料摩尔比对碳酸丙烯酯转化率的影响,从而确定适宜的工艺条件:反应精馏塔的精馏段、反应段、提馏段理论板数分别为2、8、8:醇酯比为8;操作回流比R为6.7;塔顶采出进料摩尔比为0.71。在此工艺条件下碳酸丙烯酯的转化率为79.54%。模拟结果对反应精馏合成碳酸二乙酯的工艺设计和过程优化具有重要指导意义。     

甲醇精馏系统的模拟与优化研究

应用Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件,对甲醇双塔和三塔双效精馏工艺流程进行模拟与分析。以RadFrac为精馏塔的单元操作模型,且通过对比分析选择了较为合理的热力学物性方法。使用Aspen Plus灵敏度分析工具分别研究了回流比、进料位置、操作压力等工艺参数对甲醇精馏过程的影响,确定了适宜的操作条件以及优化方案。同时利用Aspen Plus自带的经济分析器对两种工艺系统进行经济性评估,为各企业提供最为经济合理性的工艺路线。模拟结果表明:在满足生产标准的条件下,甲醇三塔双效精馏系统相比于双塔精馏系统,具有产能高、产品质量好、能耗低的优点;三塔精馏系统总资本成本比双塔系统高11.32%,总工程消耗成本比双塔系统低48.94%。     

脱氢法生产乙酸乙酯的流程模拟与优化

运用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus,对乙醇脱氢生产乙酸乙酯的工艺流程进行模拟计算分析,建立了10 wt/a乙酸乙酯生产工业过程的详细流程,最终乙酸乙酯产品纯度达99.98%,收率可达98.26%。对精馏工段关键的乙醇塔和粗塔组成的差压精馏体系进行了灵敏度分析,重点考察了进料板位置、回流比、塔顶采出量等工艺参数对精馏塔分离效果和操作能耗的影响,得到优化的参数,即乙醇塔新鲜进料板位置为第12块,循环物料进料位置为第9块,回流比2.10,塔顶采出量为33500 kg/hr:粗塔进料板位置为第9块,回流比为1.43,塔顶采出量为21000 kg/h。本文研究结果为工业上选择合适的设备参数和操作参数提供有力的数据支持。随后对原换热网络进行了进一步优化设计,节省能耗24.56%。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate