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1.
为了研究变异行为对病毒传播的影响,提出了一个病毒发生变异的疾病传播模型,在模型中考虑了两种病毒相互转换的过程,计算机模拟结果表明,两种病毒的稳态感染比例与它们之间的相互转换概率γ1和γ2有关,当γ1>0且γ2=0时,I1型感染者将消失,当γ1与γ2都大于0时,I1/I2与γ1/γ2成反比,且与α1/β1和α2/β2的取值无关.研究还发现病毒变异时由于缺乏对应的治疗药物和措施而出现一段真空期,这导致变异病毒的感染比例快速增加,但真空期的出现只能增加感染者的瞬时感染比例,而对稳态感染比例没有影响.该研究对人们深入理解病毒传播机理具有启发作用.  相似文献   

2.
胡文生  杨剑锋  赵明 《计算机科学》2017,44(12):150-155
详细介绍了C&K度量方法,结合灰色关联分析的相关理论,提出了一种基于C&K度量方法和灰色关联分析的类设计质量评估方法。依据C&K度量阈值及可接受类的定义,可以推导出面向对象程序设计中的最佳类设计标准。将各个类与最佳类设计标准进行灰色关联分析,从而评估类设计质量的优劣。该方法为程序设计人员提供了类设计质量优劣的判定依据,并保证其在软件生命周期的早期阶段及时发现设计质量低劣的类并做相应的处理,避免后期开发的软件产品出现故障,能显著提高软件产品的可靠性和可维护性。  相似文献   

3.
航天测控地面站网作为一个实际网络,它具有网络的相关属性。首先通过复杂网络方法构建了航天测控天地一体化二分网络,然后在二分网络基础上,提出了各专用测控系统的专用性参数α和通用性参数β来描述和区分不同的专用测控系统,利用Kendall相关系数和定义的相关性阈值K构建了航天测控地面站相关性网络。以美国航天测控地面站网现状为例,对所提网络模型的有效性进行了仿真验证,应用相关性阈值(K)和网络模块度(Q)曲线(K-Q曲线)分析了网络模型参数。研究结果表明,所提的相关性网络模型能较好的模拟测控地面站网络现状;网络模块度的峰值与|α-β|呈正相关,当|α-β|较大时,K-Q曲线整体呈现出正态分布特性。  相似文献   

4.
三次Bézier曲线的新扩展及其应用   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
给出了两组分别含有2个和3个形状控制参数的三次和四次多项式基函数,它们都是三次Bernstein基函数的扩展;分析了这两组基函数的性质,基于此两组基定义了两种分别带形状参数α,γ和α,β,γ的多项式曲线,它们都以三次Bézier曲线为特殊情形。两种新曲线不仅具有三次Bézier曲线的特性,而且具有灵活的形状可调性和更好的逼近性。最后讨论了两种扩展曲线的拼接条件及它们在曲线曲面造型中的应用,并给出了两个扩展曲面的定义。实例表明,定义的两种新扩展曲线为曲线/曲面的设计提供了两种有效的新方法。  相似文献   

5.
体系结构设计是信息系统设计中的一个重要环节.体系结构的复杂性是影响系统质量的重要因素.针对信息系统体系结构设计的特点,定义了系统耦合度和内聚度计算模型;基于耦合度和内聚度评估结果,提出一种体系结构复杂度的分析方法.实例证明,该方法是一种有效的复杂性评估方法.  相似文献   

6.
粗糙集扩展模型的研究是粗糙集理论研究的一个重要问题,在引入了K粒度粗糙关系基础上定义了K粒度粗糙集模型并给出了K粒度分割概念,文章从信息熵的角度给出K粒度粗糙集模型的粗糙熵的不确定度量方法,讨论了该模型随知识分类粒度变化与粗糙熵之间的关系,证明了知识分类粒度呈细分时粗糙熵具有单调递增性,并且以实例验证了此模型理论的有效性与正确性,该模型使得粗糙集处理数据的范围扩展到了实域.在此基础上定义了K粒度模糊粗糙集模型,并研究了其结构及性质,最后给出了K粒度模糊粗糙集模型依参数0<β≤α≤1的扩展模型,并研究了模型的性质与粗糙度之间的关系.  相似文献   

7.
周晓聪  赖蔚  温剑丰 《软件学报》2018,29(10):3051-3067
度量数据的分布信息对于理解和使用面向对象软件度量有重要意义.人们对面向对象软件规模度量、耦合度度量乃至继承维度的度量数据的分布都有研究,但对除内聚度缺乏度LCOM之外的内聚度度量数据的分布却缺乏研究.已有的实证研究表明,LCOM并不是好的内聚度度量,因此探讨其他内聚度度量数据分布很有必要.对包括内聚度缺乏度、基于连通性的内聚度度量和基于相似性的内聚度度量总共17个度量指标在112个Java开源软件项目的分布情况进行实证研究,对每个度量指标的每个项目数据使用幂律分布和对数正态分布进行拟合,并使用荟萃分析方法对拟合结果进行了分析.实证研究结果表明,非规范化的内聚度量可使用对数正态分布和幂律分布拟合,但规范化的基于相似性的内聚度量(包括CC、LSCC、SCOM和SCC)需要排除方法数小于等于1或字段数为0的特殊类才能使用对数正态分布拟合,而基于连通性的内聚度度量(包括TCC、LCC、DCD和DCI)则只有对应的非规范化版本的数据才符合对数正态分布或幂律分布.实证研究可帮助人们更好地理解和使用内聚度度量,特别是可以帮助人们如何利用已有的方法确定内聚度度量的阈值.  相似文献   

8.
张春英  张雪 《计算机科学》2013,40(6):242-246
在分析了复杂网络(社会网络)结构的基础上,针对不确定属性图的特征,首先定义了不确定属性图的期望子图同构;由于其只用一个阈值作为限制条件,虽然方法简单,但计算量大,故接着给出了不确定属性图的α-β子图同构的定义,并对其语义进行了解释说明;第三,设计并实现了子图同构算法;最后,通过实验证明α-β子图同构优于期望子图同构,同时分析了不同阈值情况下α-β子图同构的变化规律.α-β子图同构算法的研究为不确定属性图的子图查询和社区挖掘工作奠定了基础.  相似文献   

9.
增量和减量式标准支持向量机的分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
顾彬  郑关胜  王建东 《软件学报》2013,24(7):1601-1613
当训练数据每次发生改变时,例如增加或者删除部分数据,标准支持向量机的批处理算法就需要重新进行训练,这将不适合在线环境的计算.为了克服这个问题,Cauwenberghs 和Poggio 提出了增量和减量式标准支持向量机算法(C&P 算法).通过理论分析,证明C&P 算法的可行性和有限收敛性.可行性证明确保了C&P 算法的每步调整都是可靠的,有限收敛性证明确保了C&P 算法通过有限步调整最终收敛到问题的最优解.在此基础上,进一步通过实验结果验证了所给出的理论分析的结果.  相似文献   

10.
环糊精对苯海索对映体手性识别的分子模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
本文利用α-、β-和γ-CD 3种环糊精及它们的高磺化衍生物为受体,苯海索(BH)分子的2个对映体为配体进行手性识别的计算机模拟研究,结果发现:它们之间的结合力以范德华力为主,不同环糊精分子与BH对映体分子之间结合力大小为:β-CD>γ-CD>α-CD。为了提高它们之间的手性识别能力,对苯海索分子进行结构修饰,在其羟基上连接不同的基团,用β-CD分子为受体,当加入硫酰基时手性识别能力的预测结果比未加入前增强4.34倍。同时在生理条件下对含有硫酰基的BH对映体分子与β-CD分子形成的包合物进行分子动力学模拟研究,结果发现它们之间形成的包合物稳定。结论:在苯海索对映体分子中的羟基上连接硫酰基后,β-CD分子与含有硫酰基的BH对映体分了之间的结合力与手性识别能力显著增强。  相似文献   

11.
Three types of system equivalent relations are introduced to unify existing definitions of system equivalence. Called α-, β- and γ-equivalence, their characteristics are examined mathematically and physically. Based on those definitions, two phase-variable canonical forma are developed for linear, multi-input, multi-output systems, resulting in a canonical form for control and a canonical form for observation. It is shown that a characteristic quantity called a stage sequence can be defined for a given system to uniquely determine its equivalent system in the canonical forms. The compact structures of these canonical forms are convenient representations of the mathematical and physical compositions of systems and for subsequent system analyses.  相似文献   

12.
Thermodynamic assessment of Be–Pu and Cd–Pu systems has been developed with the application of the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method, which is established on experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. The Gibbs free energies of the liquid, fcc, hcp, αPu, βPu, γPu, δPu, δ′Pu, and εPu phases were described by the subregular solution model with the Redlich–Kister equation, and those of the intermetallic compounds in the Be–Pu and Cd–Pu binary systems were described by the sublattice model. A set of thermodynamic parameters was derived for describing the Gibbs free energies of solution phases and intermetallic compounds in the Be–Pu and Cd–Pu binary systems. Calculated phase equilibria and thermodynamic parameters are in good agreement with experimental data.  相似文献   

13.
刘潇  刘书洋  庄韫恺  高阳 《软件学报》2023,34(5):2300-2316
强化学习是一种从试错过程中发现最优行为策略的技术,已经成为解决环境交互问题的通用方法.然而,作为一类机器学习算法,强化学习也面临着机器学习领域的公共难题,即难以被人理解.缺乏可解释性限制了强化学习在安全敏感领域中的应用,如医疗、驾驶等,并导致强化学习在环境仿真、任务泛化等问题中缺乏普遍适用的解决方案.为了克服强化学习的这一弱点,涌现了大量强化学习可解释性(explainable reinforcement learning,XRL)的研究.然而,学术界对XRL尚缺乏一致认识.因此,探索XRL的基础性问题,并对现有工作进行综述.具体而言,首先探讨父问题——人工智能可解释性,对人工智能可解释性的已有定义进行了汇总;其次,构建一套可解释性领域的理论体系,从而描述XRL与人工智能可解释性的共同问题,包括界定智能算法和机械算法、定义解释的含义、讨论影响可解释性的因素、划分解释的直观性;然后,根据强化学习本身的特征,定义XRL的3个独有问题,即环境解释、任务解释、策略解释;之后,对现有方法进行系统地归类,并对XRL的最新进展进行综述;最后,展望XRL领域的潜在研究方向.  相似文献   

14.
数据仓库中的信息是由各个独立分布的数据源的数据汇集而成,数据仓库中实化视图的联机维护是数据仓库系统维护的一项关键技术。本文通过例子说明了视图维护中会产生的数据不一致性问题,并详细分析了基于补偿、基于维护库和基于版本控制的三种视图维护方法。  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, we investigate the deviation of the priority weights from hesitant multiplicative preference relations (HMPRs) in group decision-making environments. As basic elements of HMPRs, hesitant multiplicative elements (HMEs) usually have different numbers of possible values. To correctly compute or compare HMEs, there are two principles to normalize them, i.e., the α-normalization and the β-normalization. Based on the α-normalization, we develop a new goal programming model to derive the priority weights from HMPRs in group decision-making environments. Based on the β-normalization, a consistent HMPR and an acceptably consistent HMPR are defined, and their desired properties are studied. A convex combination method is then developed to obtain interval weights from an acceptably consistent HMPR. This approach is further extended to group decision-making situations in which the experts evaluate their preferences as several HMPRs. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and applicability of the proposed models.  相似文献   

16.
There are lots of different software metrics discovered and used for defect prediction in the literature. Instead of dealing with so many metrics, it would be practical and easy if we could determine the set of metrics that are most important and focus on them more to predict defectiveness. We use Bayesian networks to determine the probabilistic influential relationships among software metrics and defect proneness. In addition to the metrics used in Promise data repository, we define two more metrics, i.e. NOD for the number of developers and LOCQ for the source code quality. We extract these metrics by inspecting the source code repositories of the selected Promise data repository data sets. At the end of our modeling, we learn the marginal defect proneness probability of the whole software system, the set of most effective metrics, and the influential relationships among metrics and defectiveness. Our experiments on nine open source Promise data repository data sets show that response for class (RFC), lines of code (LOC), and lack of coding quality (LOCQ) are the most effective metrics whereas coupling between objects (CBO), weighted method per class (WMC), and lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM) are less effective metrics on defect proneness. Furthermore, number of children (NOC) and depth of inheritance tree (DIT) have very limited effect and are untrustworthy. On the other hand, based on the experiments on Poi, Tomcat, and Xalan data sets, we observe that there is a positive correlation between the number of developers (NOD) and the level of defectiveness. However, further investigation involving a greater number of projects is needed to confirm our findings.  相似文献   

17.
For any graph G, let α′(G) and α′min(G) be the maximum cardinality and minimum cardinality among all maximal matchings in G, respectively, and let γ′(G) and γt ′(G) be the edge domination number and edge total domination number of G, respectively. In this paper, we first show some properties of maximal matchings and further determine the exact values of α′(G) and α′min(G) for a complete multipartite graph G. Then, we disclose relationships between maximal matchings and minimal edge dominating sets, and thus obtain the exact values of γ′(G) and γt′(G) for a complete multipartite graph G.  相似文献   

18.
High-temperature properties of WC-Co cemented carbides can be greatly improved by introducing ordered γ′ precipitates (L12 structure) into disordered γ Co-binder matrix (fcc structure). The microstructure evolution of γ′ precipitates in γ matrix was investigated by using multi-phase-field (MPF) method. In order to avoid indistinguishable miscibility during MPF simulations, a phenomenon caused by mistaking the chemical free energies of γ and γ′ phase for each other, the thermodynamic driving force and diffusivities were taken from CALPHAD databases with the Gibbs energies of ordered and disordered phases separated according to a single Gibbs energy expression in a thermodynamic database. The interfacial energy between γ and γ′ phases was estimated based on a thermodynamic model applied to coherent interfaces. The elastic strain energy was introduced to reproduce the cuboidal shape of the ordered γ′ precipitates. Specially, the MPF approach was applied to study the morphological evolution of γ + γ′ microstructure as a function of concentration, temperature and aging time. It was shown that with increasing of Al concentration the cuboidal shape of precipitates appears at early stages of growth. After long term aging at 1373K the γ′/γ interface becomes semi-coherent and some γ-channels are formed. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data and have demonstrated the ability of the model to capture the major structural characteristics of microstructural evolution in Al–Co–Ni binder system during long-term heat treatment. Based on the knowledge of microstructure evolution, it is possible to design the optimal process parameters efficiently instead of expensive and time-consuming experiments.  相似文献   

19.
Higher-order programming languages (i.e., languages in which procedures or labels can occur as values) are usually defined by interpreters that are themselves written in a programming language based on the lambda calculus (i.e., an applicative language such as pure LISP). Examples include McCarthy's definition of LISP, Landin's SECD machine, the Vienna definition of PL/I, Reynolds' definitions of GEDANKEN, and recent unpublished work by L. Morris and C. Wadsworth. Such definitions can be classified according to whether the interpreter contains higher-order functions, and whether the order of application (i.e., call by value versus call by name) in the defined language depends upon the order of application in the defining language. As an example, we consider the definition of a simple applicative programming language by means of an interpreter written in a similar language. Definitions in each of the above classifications are derived from one another by informal but constructive methods. The treatment of imperative features such as jumps and assignment is also discussed.  相似文献   

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