基于NSCT和DWT的鲁棒数字水印算法

针对现有水印算法难以有效对抗几何攻击的问题,提出一种基于非采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）的水印新算法。利用NSCT得到显著方向子带,对该子带系数进行二值化,获得图像边缘方向信息点集。在水印检测时,利用边缘方向的特征点集,可使受到几何攻击的水印化图像恢复到原来的大小和位置,即恢复已丢失的同步信息。实验结果表明,该方法对几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于SIFT和非采样Contourlet变换的鲁棒水印算法

针对常见抗几何攻击水印算法存在的不足,设计一种基于SIFT和非采样Contourlet(NSCT)变换的鲁棒水印算法。算法首先利用尺度不变特征变换在载体图像的尺度空间上提取特征点并形成矩形特征区域,然后水印信息自适应量化嵌入特征区域的NSCT低频变换系数中,最后保存若干个稳定特征点用于几何校正。实验结果表明,该算法不仅具有很好的透明性,同时对常见图像处理攻击和几何攻击均具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于图像归一化的轮廓域数字水印算法研究

为了使Contourlet域数字水印能有效地抵抗几何攻击,提高数字水印的鲁棒性,以图像归一化理论为基础,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的Contourlet域数字图像水印方案。该方案利用基于矩的图像归一化技术和不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域,对该重要区域进行Contourlet变换,根据Contourlet变换后图像系数的特性,用奇偶量化的方法将水印信息嵌入到Contourlet变换后中频子带上。实验结果表明,该方案不仅具有很好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力。     

基于Zernike矩和NSCT-SVD的数字水印算法研究

以非下采样Contourlet变换、奇异值分解以及Zernike 矩知识为基础,结合图像不变质心在几何攻击前后相对位置不变的特性和Zernike 矩对旋转、缩放攻击的不变性以及对噪声不敏感的特性,提出了一种利用 Zernike 矩对图像几何校正的 NSCT-SVD几何鲁棒盲水印算法。该方案中宿主图像通过非下采样 Contourlet变换分解提取出低频区域,通过量化每块奇异值矩阵的欧氏范数来嵌入水印。水印检测时,先利用Zernike 矩和不变质心等几何参数对被检测图像进行几何攻击校正,恢复水印的同步信息后再提取水印。实验结果表明,该算法对噪声、滤波、压缩以及各类几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于NSCT变换的轮廓匹配水印算法

针对常见抗几何攻击水印算法存在的不足,设计一种基于非采样NSCTContourlet(NonsubsampledContourletTransform)变换的鲁棒水印算法.算法利用NSCT提取图像轮廓并用于几何校正.水印嵌入过程分为三步:首先利用NSCT域高频系数提取图像轮廓;其次依据图像轮廓提取特征点用于几何校正;最后水印信息自适应量化嵌入NSCT域低频系数.实验结果表明,该算法不仅具有很好的透明性,同时对常见图像处理攻击和几何攻击均具有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于纹理特征定位的数字图像水印算法

提出一种基于图像纹理特征锁定水印嵌入位置的水印算法。利用Canny算子在非采样Contourlet变换最高阶方向子带内筛选图像的纹理特征,将强纹理特征的位置作为水印嵌入的索引点。对非采样Contourlet变换的低频子带进行一级小波分解,在小波细节子带上分割N个圆环(N为水印信息长度)区域,根据索引位置在每个圆环区域内自适应地重复嵌入水印。仿真实验表明,该算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对图像处理和几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于SIFT的椭圆区域鲁棒数字水印方案

如何有效抵抗去同步攻击是数字图像水印研究领域的热点问题之一。利用图像仿射协变特征,提出一种可有效抵抗去同步攻击的鲁棒水印算法。对目前流行的利用多尺度Harris和SIFT描述算子来匹配图像的方法,后者有较好的匹配效果,对恢复同步水印更加稳定,并且能较好抵抗去同步攻击。该算法利用性能稳定的SIFT算子提取图像特征点,并通过基于最小生成树聚类算法的选择策略获得一组稳定且彼此独立的椭圆仿射协变特征区域,基于特征区域,利用椭圆归一化得到具有缩放和旋转不变性的圆形区域。将圆形区域进行非下采样轮廓变换（NSCT）,其中非下采样轮廓变换不仅克服了小波（Wavelet）变换的非奇异性最优基缺点,而且提供了优于轮廓（Contourlet）变换的平移不变性。将水印嵌入变换后的低频子带中。该算法实现盲提取,仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法是有效的且对常规图像处理、几何攻击以及组合攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于图像归一化的Contourlet域数字水印方案

Contourlet变换是一种全新的高维信号奇异性分析工具,其不仅具有良好的方向性和各向异性,而且能够高效率捕获图像几何结构.本文以Contourlet变换理论及图像归一化技术为基础,提出一种基于图像归一化的Contourlet域数字水印方案.该方案首先利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内,并提取出归一化图像的重要区域;然后对重要区域实施Contourlet变换;最后根据人眼视觉特性及系数相关性,利用量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到Contourlet域低频子带内.仿真实验结果表明,该数字图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力.     

联合非下采样Contourlet变换与奇异值分解的多水印算法

为解决最近报道的Contourlet变换域基于奇异值分解的水印算法存在的高虚警率问题, 提出一种多水印算法。对Arnold置乱后的水印图像进行奇异值分解, 将其中一个正交矩阵嵌入原始图像非下采样Contourlet域的两个高频方向子带中, 并利用奇异值来调整原始图像非下采样Contourlet域剩余子带的系数矩阵, 通过逆变换得到含水印图像。抽取水印时首先计算从待检测图像抽出的正交矩阵和真实水印正交矩阵的相似度, 与阈值进行比较, 以决定抽取过程是否进行。由于非下采样Contourlet变换的高冗余性, 最终可抽取出多个水印图像。实验表明, 算法较好地克服了高虚警率问题。一系列的攻击实验证明算法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

复合NSCT分解DCT变换和SVD分解的多重变换水印

为了提高水印的抗旋转攻击鲁棒性,加大水印的嵌入量,提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）和离散余弦变换（DCT）结合的双重变换域水印算法。对图像进行NSCT变换,将低频系数进行DCT变换,对DCT域低频系数进行奇异值分解（SVD）。经仿真实验表明,该算法对常规滤波、旋转有很好的鲁棒性,特别面对旋转攻击时,算法仍能很好地提取出水印信息。     

Geometrically invariant image watermarking using SVR correction in NSCT domain

Based on the support vector regression (SVR) geometric distortions correction, we propose a robust image watermarking algorithm in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric attacks in this paper. Firstly, the NSCT is performed on original host image, and corresponding low-pass subband is selected for embedding watermark. Then, the selected low-pass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the NSCT coefficients in small blocks. In digital watermark detecting procedure, the SVR geometrical distortions correction is utilized. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is invisible, and robust against common image processing and some geometrical attacks.     

A novel color image watermarking scheme in nonsampled contourlet-domain

Geometric distortion is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust color image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Based on the support vector regression (SVR) and nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), we propose a new color image watermarking algorithm with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric distortions in this paper. Firstly, the geometrically invariant space is constructed by using color image normalization, and a significant region is obtained from the normalized color image by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Then, the NSCT is performed on the green channel of the significant region. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host color image by modifying the low frequency NSCT coefficients, in which the HVS masking is used to control the watermark embedding strength. In watermark detection, according to the high correlation among different channels of the color image, the digital watermark can be recovered by using SVR technique. Experimental results show that the proposed color image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc., but also robust against the geometrical distortions.     

A new SVM-based image watermarking using Gaussian-Hermite moments

Geometric attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against geometric attacks. Based on the support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian-Hermite moments (GHMs), we propose a robust image watermarking algorithm in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric attacks in this paper. Firstly, the NSCT is performed on original host image, and corresponding low-pass subband is selected for embedding watermark. Then, the selected low-pass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating adaptively the NSCT coefficients in small block. The main steps of digital watermark detecting procedure include: (1) some low-order Gaussian-Hermite moments of training image are computed, which are regarded as the effective feature vectors; (2) the appropriate kernel function is selected for training, and a SVM training model can be obtained; (3) the watermarked image is corrected with the well trained SVM model; (4) the digital watermark is extracted from the corrected watermarked image. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, JPEG compression, etc., but also robust against the geometric attacks.     

基于SIFT的NSCT-SVD域水印算法

提出一种利用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）关键点对图像几何校正的非抽样Contourlet变换-奇异值分解域（NSCT-SVD）彩色图像水印算法。该算法利用蓝色与绿色分量的NSCT域低频子块的最大奇异值的关系,在蓝色分量上嵌入经过混沌加密的水印信息。水印检测时,先利用红色分量NSCT域低频系数上匹配的SIFT关键点信息对被检测图像进行几何攻击校正,恢复了水印的同步信息后再提取水印。实验结果表明,该算法对于噪声、滤波、压缩以及各类几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

A new robust digital watermarking based on exponent moments invariants in nonsubsampled contourlet transform domain

Geometric distortions are usually difficult for watermark to survive. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Exponent moments (EMs) is a new kind of orthogonal moment defined on the circular domain. EMs are free of numerical instability so that high order moments can be computed accurately. The modulus of EMs is invariant to geometric transformation. In this paper, we propose a new robust image watermarking based on EMs invariants in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain. Firstly, the NSCT, which has better directional frequency localization and a fast implementation, is applied on host image. Secondly, the EMs of the low-pass NSCT subband are computed, and the accurate EMs are selected. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded by quantizing the modulus of the selected EMs. Experimental results confirm the validity of our approach and its higher robustness against geometric distortions.     

Rotation invariant watermark embedding based on scale-adapted characteristic regions

Rotation invariance is one of the most challenging issues in robust image watermarking. This paper presents two rotation invariant watermark embedding schemes in the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain based on the scale-adapted local regions. Watermark synchronization is achieved using the scale-space feature point based local characteristic regions. The first method embeds a binary watermark sequence by partitioning the local regions in a rotation invariant pattern. The second method embeds a binary watermark image in a content based manner, and the watermark signal is adaptive to the orientation of the image. Both methods achieve rotation invariant embedding by only using the rotation normalizing angle, thus no interpolation operation is performed. Extensive simulation results and comparisons show that the proposed schemes can efficiently resist both signal processing attacks and geometric attacks.     

基于LFRs的大容量抗几何攻击水印算法*

如何有效抵抗几何攻击是目前水印技术研究的难点之一,且已有抗几何攻击水印算法的嵌入容量有限。提出了一种利用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征点确定的局部特征区域（LFRs）嵌入水印的大容量抗几何攻击的水印算法。算法首先从图像的非抽样的Contourlet域（NSCT）低频分量中提取出SIFT中等尺度的稳定特征点,并通过最小生成树聚类算法的选择策略获得一组分布均匀且彼此独立的圆形特征区域;然后对每个圆形区域进行等角度的扇形分割和等面积的同心圆环分割,划分成等面积的子块;最后采用奇偶量化将经过混沌加密的水印嵌入到     

Chaotic based secure watermarking approach for medical images

In this paper, a chaotic based secure medical image watermarking approach is proposed. The method is using non sub-sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to provide significant improvement in imperceptibility and robustness. Further, security of the approach is ensured by applying 2-D logistic map based chaotic encryption on watermarked medical image. In our approach, the cover image is initially divided into sub-images and NSCT is applied on the sub-image having maximum entropy. Subsequently, RDWT is applied to NSCT image and the singular vector of the RDWT coefficient is calculated. Similar procedure is followed for both watermark images. The singular value of both watermarks is embedded into the singular matrix of the cover. Experimental evaluation shows when the approach is subjected to attacks, using combination of NSCT, RDWT, SVD and chaotic encryption it makes the approach robust, imperceptible, secure and suitable for medical applications.

     

基于支持向量机的NSCT域自适应图像水印算法

为进一步提升支持向量机水印算法鲁棒性,提出基于支持向量机的NSCT域自适应图像水印算法。主要思想是根据图像自身特征生成自适应嵌入水印序列,利用模糊核聚类和支持向量机对NSCT低频系数进行分类,选取适合嵌入水印的低频系数,然后利用支持向量机建立NSCT邻域系数的关系模型,自适应完成水印嵌入。算法具有良好的不可感知性、安全性,并通过嵌入自适应水印达到全盲水印检测。实验结果表明,提出算法对高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、低通滤波、中值滤波、均值滤波、JPEG、旋转、平移和尺寸缩放有很强的鲁棒性。