QoS based multicast routing algorithms for real time applications

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in providing real-time multimedia services like digital audio and video over packet-switched networks such as Internet and ATM. These services require certain quality of service (QoS) from the network. The routing algorithm should take QoS factor for an application into account while selecting the most suitable route for the application. In this paper, we introduce a new routing metric and use it with two different heuristics to compute the multicast tree for guaranteed QoS applications that need firm end-to-end delay bound. We then compare the performance of our algorithms with the other proposed QoS-based routing algorithms. Simulations were run over a number of random networks to measure the performance of different algorithms. We studied routing algorithms along with resource reservation and admission control to measure the call throughput over a number of random networks. Simulation results show that our algorithms give a much better performance in terms of call throughput over other proposed schemes.     

Complexity and design of QoS routing algorithms in wireless mesh networks

Quality of service (QoS) provisioning in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is an open issue to support emerging multimedia services. In this paper, we study the problem of QoS provisioning in terms of end-to-end bandwidth allocation in WMNs. It is challenging due to interferences in the networks. We consider widely used interference models and show that except a few special cases, the problem of finding a feasible path is NP-complete under the models. We propose a k-shortest path based algorithmic framework to solve this problem. We also consider the problem of optimizing network performance by on-line dynamic routing, and adapt commonly used conventional QoS routing metrics to be used in WMNs. We find the optimal solutions for these problems through formulating them as optimization models. A model is developed to check the existence of a feasible path and another to find the optimal path for a demand; moreover, an on-line optimal QoS routing algorithm is developed. Comparing the algorithms implemented by the proposed framework with the optimization models shows that our solution can find existing feasible paths with high probability, efficiently optimizes path lengths, and has a comparable performance to the optimal QoS routing algorithm. Furthermore, our results show that contrary to wireline networks, minimizing resource consumption should be preferred over load distribution even in lightly loaded WMNs.     

一种业务驱动的多媒体传感器网络路由算法

针对多媒体传感器网络承载业务（视频图像业务、音频业务以及数据业务）的差异性和不同业务对QoS的差异性,基于蚁群算法和混沌理论,抽象业务驱动的QoS路由模型,提出了一种业务驱动的路由算法SDR（Service-Driver Routing）。依据各类业务对QoS的差异性选择相应路由策略,达到充分利用网络资源、提高网络承载业务性能的目标。采用NS2对该算法进行实验仿真,实验结果表明,与其他路由算法相比,该算法可提供区分业务的QoS保障。     

Design and performance analysis of an inductive QoS routing algorithm

Routing mechanism is key to the success of large-scale, distributed communication and heterogeneous networks. Consequently, computing constrained shortest paths is fundamental to some important network functions such as QoS routing and traffic engineering. The problem of QoS routing with multiple additive constraints is known to be NP-complete but researchers have been designing heuristics and approximation algorithms for multi-constrained paths algorithms to propose pseudo-polynomial time algorithms. This paper introduces a polynomial time approximation quality of service (QoS) routing algorithm and constructs dynamic state-dependent routing policies. The proposed algorithm uses an inductive approach based on trial/error paradigm combined with swarm adaptive approaches to optimize lexicographically various QoS criteria. The originality of our approach is based on the fact that our system is capable to take into account the dynamics of the network where no model of the network dynamics is assumed initially. Our approach samples, estimates, and builds the model of pertinent aspects of the environment which is very important in heterogeneous networks. The algorithm uses a model that combines both a stochastic planned pre-navigation for the exploration phase and a deterministic approach for the backward phase. Multiple paths are searched in parallel to find the K best qualified ones. To improve the overall network performance, a load adaptive balancing policy is defined and depends on a dynamic traffic path probability distribution function. We conducted a performance analysis of the proposed QoS routing algorithm using OPNET based on a platform simulated network. The obtained results demonstrate substantial performance improvements as well as the benefits of learning approaches over networks with dynamically changing traffic.     

基于移动Agent的无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由算法

无线多媒体传感器网络(WMSNs)的主要特点包括资源有限、时延敏感和数据冗余性高。此外,音视频数据流传输所需的带宽是多媒体传感器节点所能承受的最大传输带宽的几倍。上述因素使得WMSNs的QoS 路由成为一个亟待解决的关键技术问题。鉴于此,首先通过基于等差数列的非均匀分簇算法对网络区域进行划分,然后在此网络拓扑上,提出一种基于移动Agent的WMSNs的QoS路由算法(MAQR)。MAQR由路由发现和数据传输两个阶段组成。在路由发现阶段,采用移动代理技术完成多路径路由发现。在数据传输阶段,采用多优先级多路径传输模型把数据流进行分类,并利用流量预测算法实现网络的负载均衡。最后,在NS-2平台上实现了MAQR,通过与同类算法进行仿真比较,发现MAQR较之同类算法能够明显地提高音视频传输的服务质量。此外,MAQR算法比同类算法的能耗更低。     

A new approach to dynamic bandwidth allocation in Quality of Service networks: Performance and bounds

Efficient dynamic resource provisioning algorithms are necessary to the development and automation of Quality of Service (QoS) networks. The main goal of these algorithms is to offer services that satisfy the QoS requirements of individual users while guaranteeing at the same time an efficient utilization of network resources.In this paper we introduce a new service model that provides per-flow bandwidth guarantees, where users subscribe for a guaranteed rate; moreover, the network periodically individuates unused bandwidth and proposes short-term contracts where extra-bandwidth is allocated and guaranteed exclusively to users who can exploit it to transmit at a rate higher than their subscribed rate.To implement this service model we propose a dynamic provisioning architecture for intra-domain Quality of Service networks. We develop a set of dynamic on-line bandwidth allocation algorithms that take explicitly into account traffic statistics and users’ utility functions to increase users’ benefit and network revenue.Further, we propose a mathematical formulation of the extra-bandwidth allocation problem that maximizes network revenue. The solution of this model allows to obtain an upper bound on the performance achievable by any on-line bandwidth allocation algorithm.We demonstrate through simulation in realistic network scenarios that the proposed dynamic allocation algorithms are superior to static provisioning in providing resource allocation both in terms of total accepted load and network revenue, and they approach, in several network scenarios, the ideal performance provided by the mathematical model.     

一种基于DPSO的无线传感器网络QoS路由算法

针对无线传感器网络中不同业务对服务质量(QoS)的不同需求,提出一种基于离散粒子群优化(DPSO)的无线传感器网络QoS路由(DPSO-QR)算法。算法将路由建立过程抽象为多目标优化过程,以节点间通信的传播损耗、时延、带宽、丢包率为优化目标,利用DPSO算法实现多目标优化,为拥有不同QoS需求的网络业务提供满足其特有需求的优化路由。仿真实验表明:与SAR,EQR算法相比,DPSO-QR算法降低了网络平均端到端时延,减小了丢包率,延长了网络寿命。     

基于软件定义的WSNs非均匀分簇QoS路由算法

针对传统无线传感器网络非均匀分簇QoS路由中节点资源受限,无法动态管理等问题,提出一种基于软件定义的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇QoS路由算法(SDNUCQS).控制器考虑节点能量、节点间距离和QoS指标,采用熵权法竞选出高质量簇头,并对网络进行非均匀分簇.利用交叉分类法将所要传输的数据通过时延和丢失率分成不同类型.在簇间...     

基于SDN分级分域架构的QoS约束路由算法

传统分布式的网络架构制约路由算法的创新,软件定义网络的出现为路由算法的优化提供了新思路。已有研究中,启发式算法广泛应用于服务质量路由,但由于计算复杂度高而无法在大型网络中应用。而其他算法均存在不同程度的问题,要么复杂度较高,要么算法性能较差,如最短路径算法。基于 SDN 分级分域架构,提出了 LC-LD 路由算法,综合时延条件和代价度量约束并在计算复杂度和算法性能之间保持平衡。仿真分析表明,LC-LD路由算法在有较低的计算复杂度的同时还有较高的服务质量路由选路性能。     

基于混合遗传算法的多播路由多目标优化

互联网不断增长的多媒体应用引发人们研究如何满足这些应用的服务质量(QoS)约束.目前网络中多主机之间的多播通信一般需要严格的多个QoS保证,文中描述了一种适应于研究多播QoS路由多目标优化的网络模型,在此基础上提出了基于遗传算法和禁忌搜索混合策略的,具有多目标的多播路由QoS优化方法,以克服遗传算法的爬山能力差以及不成熟收敛等问题.此外还采用了改进的多播树编码方法及高效的遗传操作,同时还优化时延、丢包率和带宽利用率等不同的参数.实验结果表明,该算法为多播路由QoS多目标优化问题的求解提供了一种有效的新途径.     

基于不确定参数的QoS路由研究

作为未来网络资源管理的一个重要组件，QoS路由问题越来越受到人们的重视。为了保证网络服务质量，希望根据多个QoS约束的尺度（metrics)来选择可行的路由。但由于网络本身的动态性和复杂性，网络状态信息具有固有的不确定性，因此有必要研究不确定参数对QoS路由的影响。通过形式化地描述基于带宽和延迟的不确定参数的QoS路由问题，给出了相应的处理模型和算法，并从实现的角度探讨了具有一定适应性的多路径QoS路由机制。     

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.     

一种基于TDMA的Ad Hoc网络QoS路由算法研究

随着多媒体应用的普及,服务质量（Quality of Service,QoS）保证已逐渐成为Ad Hoc网络必须支持的一项重要功能,QoS 路由对实现Qos保证起着非常重要的作用,而带宽又是QoS保证的最重要参数之一,因此提出了一种基于TDMA的带宽约束的Ad Hoc网络QoS按需路由协议。该协议采用了启发式的带宽计算算法。仿真结果验证了协议的有效性,表明该QoS路由协议具有较好的端到端性能,可以满足Ad Hoc网络的路由需求。     

An agent-assisted QoS-based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Existing routing algorithms are not effective in supporting the dynamic characteristics of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and cannot ensure sufficient quality of service in WSN applications. This paper proposes a novel agent-assisted QoS-based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In the proposed algorithm, the synthetic QoS of WSNs is chosen as the adaptive value of a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to improve the overall performance of network. Intelligent software agents are used to monitor changes in network topology, network communication flow, and each node's routing state. These agents can then participate in network routing and network maintenance. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can ensure better quality of service in wireless sensor networks compared with traditional algorithms.     

关于实际构造最大带宽路径算法的研究

建立最大带宽路径一直是网络路由研究，尤其是在最近的网络QoS路由研究中的基本问题，在以往的文献中，有人提出了利用修改的Dijkstra算法或修改的Bellman-Ford算法来构建最大带宽路径。该文给出了一个简单的证明，指出了最大生成树与最大带宽路径之间的特殊关系，证明了可以使用修改的Kruskal算法来构建最大带宽路径，文中给出了修改的Kruskal算法，并且与已有的Kijkstra算法作了性能上的比较，尽管从理论上说，Dijstra算法和Kruskal算法的时间复杂度具有同样的阶，但在多种不同网络结构上的模拟测试结果表明，用Kruskal算法构建最大带宽路径的实际运行比Dijkstra算法至少要快3倍，而且在实际上比Dijkstra算法更简单，灵活。     

Internet上一种有效的QOS选播路由算法

为了提高网络服务的范围和服务质量 ,在 Internet经常采用一组复制服务器的方法。选播服务是一种新的网络服务模型 ,可以改善网络负载分布和简化某些网络应用。本文介绍了一个简单的基于 Internet选播服务模型 ,该模型对目前使用的网络路由算法和协议的影响不大 ,并且提出了服务于该模型的 Qo S路由算法 ,该算法采用随机策略来平衡网络负载和改善网络性能。在不同网络拓扑和不同网络参数下的模拟结果表明该算法具有良好的服务性能 ,并能有效平衡网络负载     

基于Overlay Network的网格虚拟端到端带宽分配问题研究

提出了基于Overlay Network的服务网格（SGON）的概念，以此来生成和部署网络增值服务.带宽分配问题是在Overlay Grid上部署和运行增值服务的关键问题，为了解决这个问题，Overlay Grid在已存在的数据传输网络的上部建立了一个逻辑的端到端的服务传输基础，通过双边的服务水平协议（SLA），提供QoS约束的带宽.给出了包含SLA、服务QoS、流量需求分布、开销等因素的带宽分配问题的模型，同时提供了静态和动态带宽分配问题的分析模型和近似解，最后设计了一种启发式自适应在线动态带宽分配算法.实验仿真结果表明，该算法是可行的.     

A novel prediction technique to improve quality of service (QoS) for heterogeneous data traffic

The present and future high-speed networks are expected to support wide variety real-time applications. However, the current Internet architecture offers mainly best-effort service. It means that the network will do its best to deliver the data at the destination without any guarantee. But the future integrated services networks will require guarantee for transferring heterogeneous data. There are many parameters involved in improving the Quality of Service (QoS). QoS is a set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a flow. In this paper, we consider four primary parameters are such as reliability, delay, jitter, bandwidth which together determine the QoS. The requirements of the above parameters will vary from one application to another application. Applications like file transfer, remote login, etc., will require high reliability. But, applications like audio, video, etc., will require low reliability, because they can tolerate errors. The objectives of this paper are to propose a novel technique to predict reason(s) for deterioration in the QoS and to identify the algorithm(s)/mechanism(s) responsible for the deterioration. We are sure that this paper will give better results to improve the QoS and to improve the performance of the network.     

一种分类预计算QoS路由算法

为了满足Internet上各种网络应用的传输服务质量的需求,Internet工程任务组(IETF)先后提出了集成服务/资源预留模型(integrated service/resource reservation protocol,简称IntServ/RSVP)、区分服务模型(differentiated service,简称DiffServ)以及从流量工程角度提出的多协议标记交换(multi protocol label switching,简称MPLS).这些服务模型都需要一个与之相适应的QoS路由机制