基于单传感器动态检测和神经网络的气体识别

介绍了气体传感器动态检测结合神经网络识别空气中有机气体的新方法.这种方法利用单个SnO2气体传感器在方波温度调制的状态下实现了对多种有机气体的定性分析.在0.02Hz的调制频率、250℃～300℃的温度调制范围内,测得了传感器对不同浓度异丙醇、乙酰丙酮及其混合气体的动态响应值,再通过小波变换对单个周期测试信号进行特征提取,最后将提取的特征值输入神经网络进行网络训练和定性识别,识别的成功率高达100%.     

基于单传感器动态检测和神经网络的气体监测

研究了气体传感器动态检测结合神经网络识别空气中有机气体的新方法.这种方法利用单个SnO2气体传感器而非阵列在方波温度调制的状态下,可实现多种有机气体的定性分析.在0.02Hz的调制频率、250～300℃的温度调制范围,测得传感器对不同体积分数异丙醇、乙酰丙酮和乙醇气体的动态响应.通过小波变换对单个周期测试信号进行特征提取,并将提取的特征值输入神经网络进行定性识别和体积分数估计,仿真识别的成功率高达100%,同时,较准确地实现待测有机气体的体积分数估计.     

模拟神经网络VLSI脉冲流技术在故障诊断中的应用分析

介绍了模拟神经网络VLSI脉冲流技术实现神经网络模式识别硬件电路的方法，并且直接将故障分类。提出利用包含有故障信息的原始模拟噪声信号，经过前置信号处理和神经网络运算，得出VLSI电路输出端电容的电压值－代表待识别信号与模板故障信号的“欧氏距离”，以实现噪声故障信号的实时硬件在线识别。     

脉频调制神经网络VLSI的设计及应用

本文提出了一种用于故障诊断识别的改进脉冲频率调制(PFM)VLSI神经网络电路,改进了传统的基于软件的机械故障诊断模式,发挥了神经网络超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的优势.利用单层感知器网络、场效应管电路实现了一种新的数字模拟混合突触乘法/加法器电路,而且该神经网络电路的突触权值不需要学习调整,降低了电路的复杂性.以此电路为基础,设计了进行主轴承噪声故障诊断的神经网络故障识别系统.将含有故障信息的原始噪声信号,经过前置信号处理分析、故障特征值提取和神经网络运算,得出VLSI电路输出端电容的电压——代表待识别信号与模板故障信号的“欧氏距离”,进而判断出故障的类别.经过仿真测试,基于硬件的诊断系统的识别性能接近于基于软件的系统.     

基于DSP的光纤气体传感器信号处理技术

针对以往光纤气体传感器模拟信号处理电路的不足,基于DSP芯片TMS320F2812设计并实现了一种嵌入式光纤气体传感器信号处理系统;重点描述了硬件实现方法及其软件开发,其硬件主要由接口电路、高精度运放器OPA139P,32位高性能定点DSP(数字信号处理器)TMS320F2812和D/A转换芯片DAC7625组成;软件部分的主要功能是产生交流信号,完成两路输入信号滤波,相敏检波,相除、线性化处理等工作.     

压电振动传感器的前置放大电路设计

介绍一种用于压电振动传感器信号处理前置放大电路的设计,由差分电荷灵敏放大及带通滤波电路组成,实现对特定频率范围信号的处理及包括传感器连接在内的电脉冲信号自检功能。经电荷信号和B&K加速度传感器对敲击输出信号的测试验证,满足核电厂松脱件监测、转动设备振动监测对压电振动传感器输出信号的现场预处理技术要求。     

CH4传感系统微弱光电信号处理电路的研究

为改善以CH4为目标气体的检测系统的信噪比,提高系统的检测灵敏度.基于微弱信号的锁定检测原理,以方波调制系统LED为光源,设计以锁相放大器为核心的微弱信号处理电路和计算机控制电路,将携带浓度信息的光强信号转换为直流电压输出.实验结果表明,电路输出电压与检测甲烷气体浓度呈线性关系.分析表明,理论上电路对甲烷浓度检测极限值为1.5×10-4.系统灵敏度可通过设计光源功率稳定电路和温度控制电路得到进一步提高.     

基于轻量型网络的单载波信号调制识别

针对当前应用深度学习实现数字信号调制识别过程中网络复杂、计算量高、硬件平台要求高的问题, 本文提出了在改进的MobileNetV3轻量级神经网络中使用信号星座图调制识别的方法. 首先, 将接收到的MPSK和MQAM信号转换成星座图像, 将其进行灰度图像提取, 灰度图像增强, 构建星座图的图像数据集, 然后将ResNet中的跨层结构引入MobileNetV3网络, 解决了随着网络层数的增加, 权重减小而导致的梯度消失现象. 最后将星座图数据集用于训练MobileNetV3的轻量型神经网络权重, 对星座图像进行识别. MobileNetV3基于深度卷积可分离和神经架构搜索(network architecture search, NAS)技术在保证识别精度的前提下, 大大降低了参数量和训练时间, 将对于简单信号的调制识别, 轻量型神经网络可以有效简化网络结构, 降低对硬件设备的要求. 仿真结果表明, 针对的调制信号(BPSK、QPSK、8PSK、16QAM、64QAM), 能实现识别率为99.76%的调制识别, 相较于传统应用深度学习实现调制识别的网络, 网络参数量和计算量明显减小.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的数字调制方式识别

针对非协作通信条件下信号调制方式识别问题,提出了一种基于深度神经网络的调制方式自动识别新方法。该方法对接收到的信号进行预处理,生成星座图,并将星座图形状作为深度卷积神经网络的输入,根据训练好的网络模型对调制信号进行分类识别。与以往的识别方法相比,该方法利用卷积神经网络自动学习各种数字调制信号的星座图特征,克服了特征提取困难,通用性不强,抗噪声性能差等缺点,处理流程简单,并对星座图的形变具有不敏感性。针对4QAM、16QAM和64QAM三种典型的数字调制方式,进行了仿真实验,当信噪比大于4时,调制方式的识别正确率大于95％,实验结果表明,基于深度卷积神经网络的信号调制方式识别方法是有效的。     

半导体气体传感器动态温度调制系统设计及检测方法研究

针对半导体气体传感器存在选择性差的问题,通过温度调制检测方法实现可燃性气体良好检测性能,提高传感器在复杂环境下的选择性。设计了一种参数可调的气体传感器温度调制系统,实现了正弦波和矩形波输出模式,输出频率0~1000 Hz,幅值0~5 V可调,矩形波占空比可调,并给出了系统总体设计方案和硬件设计电路。通过自制旁热式SnO2传感器对CO和CH4两种可燃性气体进行了矩形波温度调制检测分析,得到了优化的温度调制参数。提出以传感器在空气和被测气体响应中温度调制幅值比作为灵敏度系数。测试结果表明,CO和CH4气体在周期10 s的方波温度调制下呈良好的近似线性规律变化,且具有较好的线性度差异,表明两种气体具有选择性差异。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。