功塞监控图形系统中自适应着色处理

提出一种在功率监控计算机图形系统中的自适应着色处理方案。为了对功率和消耗之间进行权衡,提出三维实时图形渲染功率监控中的两个关键理论：AGR和HVP。讨论了功率节省方法以及图像质量评价方法,提出了在满足质量要求的前提下,得到最大功率节省的现实控制标准。介绍几种着色处理中的重构算法,而自适应着色处理是从这些可选算法中得到一种适当的着色算法。通过仿真实验结果表明,文中设计的自适应着色处理能够极大地节约功耗。     

功率监控图形系统中自适应着色处理

提出一种在功率监控计算机图形系统中的自适应着色处理方案.为了对功率和消耗之间进行权衡,提出三维实时图形渲染功率监控中的两个关键理论:AGR和HVP.讨论了功率节省方法以及图像质量评价方法,提出了在满足质量要求的前提下,得到最大功率节省的现实控制标准.介绍几种着色处理中的重构算法,而自适应着色处理是从这些可选算法中得到一种适当的着色算法.通过仿真实验结果表明,文中设计的自适应着色处理能够极大地节约功耗.     

OFDM系统中自适应比特和功率分配研究

提出了一种改进的OFDM系统中自适应比特功率分配算法.该算法可适用于多径频率选择性衰落信道,根据信道特征,动态地为OFDM系统的各子信道分配比特和发送功率.该算法在一定的误比特率和信息速率的情况下,使得总发送功率最小化.仿真结果表明,算法在相同误比特率的情况下比不采用自适应技术的OFDM系统节省了发送功率.     

OFDM系统中自适应比特和功率分配研究

提出了一种改进的OFDM系统中自适应比特功率分配算法。该算法可适用于多径频率选择性衰落信道,根据信道特征,动态地为OFDM系统的各子信道分配比特和发送功率。该算法在一定的误比特率和信息速率的情况下,使得总发送功率最小化。仿真结果表明,该算法在相同误比特率的情况下比不采用自适应技术的OFDM系统节省了发送功率。     

基于改进粒子群算法的OFDM系统资源分配

提出一种具有全局优化能力的改进粒子群算法,将信道分配和比特功率分配问题相结合,实现电力线信道下多用户自适应OFDM比特功率分配。在典型低压电力线通信信道环境下的matlab仿真结果表明:本文提出的算法可行且有效,适合多用户通信环境,节省了多用户自适应OFDM系统的运算时间,降低了发射功率,且算法简单易操作,有望应用于更广泛的优化问题。     

交通场景中车辆的运动检测与阴影消除

提出一种算法框架实现对交通场景中运动车辆的分割。首先,提出一种基于颜色空间的浮动气球模型,用以解决监控场景的自适应背景建模问题,该方法解决了基于参数模型的背景建模方法无法检测驻留物体的问题,并可有效适应监控场景中的光照变化以实现自适应更新;其次,针对通过背景建模和背景差分得到的运动前景区域包含运动车辆阴影问题,提出一种新的阴影检测算法,该算法采用多特征融合的方法实现了对运动车辆的分割。实验结果分析表明,与其他方法相比,该算法框架在背景建模和阴影检测方法具有较好的效果。     

多目标优化与自适应惩罚的混合约束优化进化算法

提出一种多目标优化与自适应惩罚函数相结合的方法来处理约束优化问题.首先利用多目标优化方法提取当前群体中的主要信息;然后进一步用自适应惩罚函数选出最有价值的信息.将这种约束处理技术与一种基于群的算法生成器模型相结合,即可得到一种新的约束优化进化算法.选取10个标准测试函数对新算法的性能进行数值实验,结果表明了所提出方法的有效性和较强的稳健性,与其他尖端算法相比得到了相似或更优的结果.     

OFDM系统自适应资源算法研究

针对OFDM系统的比特功率自适应分配优化问题。因传输信道存在衰减率,误码等,提出了一种基于遗传算法的OFDM系统自适应比特功率分配算法。新算法定义了染色体和初始群体,并通过遗传算法中的交叉、变异等操作,使比特功率分配方案得到全局最优解。算法可通过确定不同的适应度函数,用于解决传输速率及误码率一定条件下使得总发送功率最小的比特功率达到最优化的目的。通过上述在运算复杂度等方面的性能的仿真,证明优于Hughes-Hartogs等几种传统算法。     

采用自适应扰动观察法的光伏并网系统最大功率点跟踪

提出了一种自适应扰动观察（P＆O）算法,用于在不同天气条件下太阳能光伏（PV）并网系统的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制策略。该策略对于从太阳能光伏电池板中,获取最大的功率输出是十分重要的。利用一种依赖于功率变化的可变的扰动步长,提出了改进的自适应扰动观察算法。最后将通过仿真所得到的数据与传统的扰动观察算法进行了比较,结果表明所提出MPPT算法的收敛值和速度得到了改善,稳定时间缩短25%,稳态值提高20%以上,在太阳能光伏并网系统的最大功率点跟踪时是有效而实用的。     

一种基于节能的无线传感器网络MAC协议

无线传感器网络中节点能量十分有限,为了进一步提高能量的利用效率,提出了一种基于节能的改进型媒体接入控制(MediumAccess Control,MAC)协议.该协议结合了BASIC算法与自适应S-MAC协议的优点,采用一种简单易行的算法根据节点实际分布情况调节RTS、CTS、DATA、ACK四种帧的发送功率,从而达到节省能量的目的.协议中采用的自适应侦听机制不仅可以减少数据的传输延迟,而且可以避免由于在S-MAC协议中引入功率控制策略时带来的一些问题.协议与S-MAC算法相比节省了能量,减少了时延,同时并没有降低无线传感器网络的其他性能.     

Signal strength based routing for power saving in mobile ad hoc networks

The transmission bandwidth between two nodes in mobile ad hoc networks is important in terms of power consumption. However, the bandwidth between two nodes is always treated the same, regardless of what the distance is between the two nodes. If a node equips a GPS device to determine the distance between two nodes, the hardware cost and the power consumption increase. In this paper, we propose using a bandwidth-based power-aware routing protocol with signal detection instead of using GPS devices to determine the distance. In our proposed routing protocol, we use the received signal variation to predict the transmission bandwidth and the lifetime of a link. Accordingly, the possible amount of data that can be transmitted and the remaining power of nodes in the path after data transmission can be predicted. By predicting the possible amount of data that can be transmitted and the remaining power of nodes after data transmission, we can design a bandwidth-based power-aware routing protocol that has power efficiency and that prolongs network lifetime. In our simulation, we compare our proposed routing protocol with two signal-based routing protocols, SSA and ABR, and a power-aware routing protocol, MMBCR, in terms of the throughput, the average transmission bandwidth, the number of rerouting paths, the path lifetime, the power consumed when a byte is transmitted, and the network lifetime (the ratio of active nodes).     

云计算环境下资源的节能调度

在云计算环境下,如何在有效地进行资源调度,缩短任务执行时间的同时,降低能耗,已经成为一个重要问题。对此,以任务执行时间与能耗作为优化目标,建立了一个节能调度模型,并通过采用特殊的种群初始化方法以及引入学习机制等方法对非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行改进,将其应用于云计算的节能调度问题。最后通过算例测试,验证了所提算法能够在减少任务执行时间的同时,有效降低能耗。     

A power efficiency routing and maintenance protocol in wireless multi-hop networks

In wireless multi-hop networks, selecting a path that has a high transmission bandwidth or a high delivery rate of packets can reduce power consumption and shorten transmission delay during data transmission. There are two factors that influence the transmission bandwidth: the signal strength of the received packets and contentions in the contention-based MAC layer. These two factors may cause more power to be consumed during data transmission. We analyze these two factors and propose a power-aware routing protocol called MTPCR. MTPCR discovers the desired routing path that has reduced power consumption during data transmission. In addition to finding a desired path to reduce power consumption, MTPCR also takes into account the situations in which the transmission bandwidth of the routing path may decrease, resulting in much power consumption during data transmission because of the mobility of nodes in a network. MTPCR is thus useful in a network: it analyzes power consumption during data transmission with the help of neighboring nodes, and it uses a path maintenance mechanism to maintain good path bandwidth. The density of nodes in a network is used to determine when to activate the path maintenance mechanism in order to reduce the overhead of this mechanism. With the proposed path maintenance mechanism, power consumption during data transmission can be efficiently reduced, as well as the number of path breakages. In our simulation, we compared our proposed routing protocol, MTPCR, with the following protocols: two classical routing protocols, AODV and DSR; two power-aware routing protocols, MMBCR and xMBCR; and one multiple path routing protocol, PAMP. The comparisons are made in terms of throughput of the routing path, power consumption in path discovery, power consumption in data transmission, and network lifetime.     

An efficient task mapping algorithm with power-aware optimization for network on chip

More and more cores are integrated onto a single chip to improve the performance and reduce the power consumption of CPU without the increased frequency. The cores are connected by lines and organized as a network, which is called network on chip (NOC) as the promising paradigm of the processor design. However, it is still a challenge to enhance performance with lower power consumption. The core issue is how to map the tasks to the different cores to take full advantages of the on-chip network. In this paper, we proposed a novel mapping algorithm with power-aware optimization for NOC. The traffic of the tasks will be analyzed. The tasks of the same application with high communication with the others will be mapped to the on-chip network as neighborhoods. And then the tasks of different applications are mapped to the cores step by step. The mapping of the tasks and the cores is computed at run-time dynamically and implement online. The experimental results showed that this proposed algorithm can reduce the power consumption in communication and the performance enhanced.     

一种采用动态电压调整的实时节能调度算法

较高的能量消耗会导致处理器热量的增加及系统可靠性的降低,合理运用动态电压调整技术有效降低实时任务运行所需的能耗成为一个研究热点.提出一种动态实时节能调度算法MSF,以最大空闲时间优先调度为基础,结合动态调整技术,使得实时任务在其截止期内完成的同时能够最大限度地降低整个系统的能量消耗.实验结果表明, 该方法能够充分利用任务的不同能量特性和动态空闲时间,更有效的实现节能,优于其它算法.     

Exploring the Design Space of Self-Regulating Power-Aware On/Off Interconnection Networks

With power consumption becoming increasingly critical in interconnected systems, power-aware networks become part-and-parcel of many single-chip and multichip systems. As communication links consume significant power regardless of utilization, a mechanism to realize such power-aware networks is on/off links-network links that can be turned on/off as a function of traffic. In this paper, we investigate and propose self-regulating power-aware interconnection networks that turn their links on/off in response to bursts and dips in traffic in a distributed fashion. We explore the design space of such on/off networks, outlining a 5-step design methodology along with various building block solutions at each step that can be effectively assembled to develop various on/off network designs. We applied our methodology to the design of two classes of on/off networks with links that possess substantially different on/off delays, an on-chip network as well as a chip-to-chip network, and show that our designs are able to adapt dynamically to variations in network traffic. Three specific network designs are then constructed, presented, and evaluated. Our simulations show that link power consumption can be reduced by up to 54.4 percent, with a modest increase in network latency     

Joint Quality Enhancement and Power Control for Wireless Visual Sensor Networks based on the Nash Bargaining Solution

We propose a cooperative method for resource allocation with power control in a multihop Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Visual Sensor Network (WVSN). Typical multihop WVSNs consist of visual sensors that record different scenes and relay nodes that retransmit video data until the base station is reached. The error prone wireless environment contributes to the end-to-end video quality degradation. Moreover, the limited battery life span of the network nodes poses challenges on the management of power consumption. The different resource requirements of the WVSN nodes necessitate a quality-driven and power-aware resource allocation mechanism. We formulate the joint Quality Enhancement and Power Control problem based on a utility function that reflects both the benefit in terms of video quality and the cost in terms of transmission power. This function is employed by the Nash Bargaining Solution, which achieves higher fairness in terms of end-to-end video quality among all nodes. For the fairness assessment, a new metric is introduced. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and explain the video quality-power consumption tradeoff as well as the resulting fairness-power consumption tradeoff.     

无线Ad Hoc网络中基于时间广播的功率感知路由

提出了一种TBPR(time-based broadcasting for power-aware routing)协议.TBPR采用路由请求报文延迟发送机制,并通过比较路径中的累计功率消耗,选择能量消耗较低的路由,以降低网络的能量消耗,延长网络的生存周期.计算机仿真实验表明,TBPR能够取得较好的节能效果,并降低无线AdHoc网络中的能量消耗.     

PAM: an efficient power-aware multilevel cache policy to reduce energy consumption of storage systems

Energy consumption is one of the most significant aspects of large-scale storage systems where multilevel caches are widely used. In a typical hierarchical storage structure, upper-level storage serves as a cache for the lower level, forming a distributed multilevel cache system. In the past two decades, several classic LRU-based multilevel cache policies have been proposed to improve the overall I/O performance of storage systems. However, few power-aware multilevel cache policies focus on the storage devices in the bottom level, which consume more than 27% of the energy of the whole system [1]. To address this problem, we propose a novel power-aware multilevel cache (PAM) policy that can reduce the energy consumption of high-performance and I/O bandwidth storage devices. In our PAM policy, an appropriate number of cold dirty blocks in the upper level cache are identified and selected to flush directly to the storage devices, providing high probability extension of the lifetime of disks in standby mode. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed policy, we conduct several simulations with real-world traces. Compared to existing popular cache schemes such as PALRU, PB-LRU, and Demote, PAM reduces power consumption by up to 15% under different I/O workloads, and improves energy efficiency by up to 50.5%.     

云环境下基于功耗感知的虚拟机博弈迁移算法

为了达到降低云环境下数据中心过高能耗的目的,提出一种基于功耗感知的虚拟机非合作博弈迁移算法PANMA。该算法主要分为基于中值绝对偏差的物理机选择、基于负载最大相关的虚拟机选择和基于非合作博弈的虚拟机迁移三个步骤。实验结果表明,该算法极大地减少了数据中心能量消耗。