分层优化PF在六维力传感器下E型膜中的应用

针对动载环境下,噪声污染导致六维力传感器测量精度急剧下降的问题,提出一种具有分层优化步骤的改进粒子滤波算法。以双E型弹性体六维力传感器下E型膜为研究对象,根据正弦激励力响应和应变的关系,建立非线性系统模型。在粒子滤波的框架下,将样本集按权值的蜕化程度分层,引入野草繁殖算法,将最新的观测信息融入高权值子集。基于Thompson-Taylor算法,通过聚合重采样将高、低权值粒子随机组合,产生中权值粒子集。将优化后的粒子滤波算法在六维力传感器动态测试系统中进行仿真研究,结果表明,该算法能以更小的估计误差贴近真实后验概率密度,在保持实时性的同时,有效地提高六维力传感器的测量精度。     

六维力传感器下E膜小生境野草EKF滤波研究

为减小噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,同时解决因主振型信息缺失导致扩展Kalman滤波器难以获得最优系统估计的问题,提出一种基于小生境野草算法优化的扩展卡尔曼滤波（NIWO-EKF）算法。算法根据正弦激励力响应与应变之间的关系,构建六维力传感器下E型膜非线性系统模型。将系统干扰矩阵与控制矩阵视为一个整体,引入野草繁殖思想,以前6阶主振型信息构成的综合矩阵为均值,进行高斯采样,产生初始化的可行解。将小生境技术与野草算法相融合,利用野草算法进行全局搜索,根据适应度的大小对个体进行降序排列,按照小生境容量划分出多个种群协同合作,避免搜索过程陷入局部最优,提高算法的寻优精度和收敛速度。采用改进野草算法对EKF中的系统干扰控制矩阵进行优化处理。仿真实例表明,优化后的扩展卡尔曼滤波器能有效地提高六维力传感器的测量精度,具有很好的鲁棒性和稳定性。     

自适应Kalman滤波修复六维力传感器下E膜模型误差

为减小动载环境下,噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,同时解决因传感器的简化模型误差较大,导致标准Kalman滤波无法获取最优估计的问题,提出一种双因子自适应Kalman滤波算法。算法根据正弦激励力响应和应变之间的关系,建立了下E型膜有色噪声增广状态模型。在标准Kalman滤波的基础上,分析了两种模型误差对滤波效果的影响,采用实时调整状态预测在滤波估计中权重的策略,给出了自适应Kalman滤波准则及递推公式。基于正交性原理和最小二乘法准则,利用三段函数模型构造了双重自适应因子。仿真实例表明,与标准Kalman滤波与强跟踪滤波相比,所提算法具有更好的估计精度和稳定性,能够有效地控制模型误差的影响,从而提高六维力传感器的测量精度。     

自适应Kalman滤波修复六维力传感器下E膜模型误差

为减小动载环境下,噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,同时解决因传感器的简化模型误差较大,导致标准Kalman滤波无法获取最优估计的问题,提出一种双因子自适应Kalman滤波算法。算法根据正弦激励力响应和应变之间的关系,建立了下E型膜有色噪声增广状态模型。在标准Kalman滤波的基础上,分析了两种模型误差对滤波效果的影响,采用实时调整状态预测在滤波估计中权重的策略,给出了自适应Kalman滤波准则及递推公式。基于正交性原理和最小二乘法准则,利用三段函数模型构造了双重自适应因子。仿真实例表明,与标准Kalman滤波与强跟踪滤波相比,所提算法具有更好的估计精度和稳定性,能够有效地控制模型误差的影响,从而提高六维力传感器的测量精度。     

融合遗传优化的粒子滤波器算法

为了解决基于Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波器的同时定位与地图创建算法需要大量的采样粒子,而且频繁重采样可能导致粒子耗尽的问题,提出了融合遗传优化的粒子滤波器算法。设计了一种变异的遗传算法来兼顾粒子的权值和粒子集的多样性,取代原有的重采样步骤。在计算采样的提议分布时考虑了里程计信息和距离传感器信息,并且通过遗传算法来维持粒子集的多样性。实验结果表明,融合遗传优化的粒子滤波器算法在估计精度和一致性方面都具有较好的性能,所创建的地图具有更高的精度。     

基于小生境遗传算法的粒子滤波算法

重采样是解决粒子滤波退化问题的主要方法,重采样的基本思想是采取复制保留权值较高的粒子,删除权值较低的粒子,而这导致了粒子多样性的减弱,特别是在样本受限条件下,甚至导致滤波发散。针对上述问题,提出改进的粒子滤波算法,将Mean Shift与粒子滤波融合,在重采样部分引入小生境遗传算法,提高粒子的多样性,避免粒子退化。实验表明,改进后的算法状态估计精度更高,效果更好。     

基于自适应渐消无迹粒子滤波的UnscentedFastSLAM算法

针对机器人导航无迹快速同步定位与地图构建（Unscented FastSLAM）算法由于重采样造成样本粒子退化,进而导致估计精度下降的问题,提出一种基于自适应渐消无迹粒子滤波的Unscented FastSLAM算法。该算法将无迹粒子滤波与渐消滤波相融合产生自适应建议分布函数,同时将粒子根据权值进行优化组合,仅对组合后的部分不稳定的粒子进行系统重采样。通过这两方面使系统具有高度自适应性的同时保证粒子的多样性,缓解粒子的退化现象。仿真实验表明,提出算法与Unscented FastSLAM算法相比,可以用较少的粒子实现更高的SLAM的估计精度,很大程度上降低了SLAM算法的复杂度。     

一种基于人工萤火虫群优化的改进粒子滤波算法

针对传统粒子滤波算法中存在的粒子多样性丧失问题,提出一种基于人工萤火虫群优化的改进粒子滤波算法.该算法利用人工萤火虫群算法优化粒子滤波的重采样过程,按照权值的蜕化程度对样本集进行分层,通过转移概率将权值蜕化子集——映射到高似然区域.根据优化阈值条件,将低权值粒子集分为抛弃组和优化组,通过选取优化组粒子和高权值粒子适当地线性组合产生新粒子集.仿真结果表明,当感知系数为零时,优化算法将蜕化为基本粒子滤波算法;在适当选择感知系数的情况下,优化算法的滤波精度较高,跟踪突变状态的性能较优,在保证粒子群贴近真实后验分布的同时,增强了粒子的多样性.     

一种基于双E型膜片的微小六维力传感器的设计

基于双E型膜片结构的六维力传感器用于常规环境下的机器人操作已有成熟应用,探讨将该结构应用于微纳环境下的机器人操作的可能性。首先介绍了该弹性体结构的测力原理,并用有限元分析软件对弹性体的静态和动态特性进行了仿真。结果表明此种结构的六维力传感器可在微纳环境下测力,并具有各向灵敏度高、线形好、维间耦合小等优点。     

改进粒子滤波的无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法

针对粒子滤波(PF)重采样后造成的粒子枯竭现象的问题,提出了一种基于改进重采样的粒子滤波无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法.该算法避免了残差重采样算法中的残留粒子重采样问题,减少了计算时间;通过产生新的粒子,增加了粒子的多样性,从而改善了粒子枯竭现象.仿真实验结果表明:改进重采样的粒子滤波算法提高了目标跟踪精度,降低了跟踪误差.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate