基于力控组态软件的远程过程控制实验系统设计

描述了一种基于力控组态软件的远程过程控制实验系统,实现对过程控制装置中的水箱液位控制和锅炉温度控制。实验者可以利用Internet网络远程操作实验,具有选择不同的实验项目、选择不同的控制规律、实时数据显示与存储、动画显示等功能。实验测试表明远程过程控制实验系统能够满足实际需要,具有显示直观与操作简单等功能。     

智能小区物业管理系统设计

本文试述了智能小区物业管理系统的功能与结构。提出了一种基于计算机控制的智能小区物业管理系统，并讨论了智能小区的网络及Internet接入方式。     

基于Internet/Intranet的网络监控系统分析与设计

近年来集计算机、通信、控制三种技术为一体的现场总线控制系统以及嵌入式控制系统成为计算机控制系统发展的重要方向。但作为产品形态的DCS、PLC等已经具有大量的应用基础,加之DCS、PLC自身的全数字化、网络化等改进,它们必将继续存在一段时间。本文分析了各种控制网络与信息网络集成的方案,给出了基于Internet/Intranet的企业网络监控系统的体系结构与模式。     

基于Internet的省级科技基金项目管理系统

开发基于Internet的信息系统实现对省级科技基金项目管理提供全程、全方位的支持是提高其管理水平的有效手段。该文在分析了基于Internet的信息系统的特点及对省级科技基金项目管理工作带来变革的基础上，结合某省科技基金项目管理实践，提出了一个基于Internet的省级科技基金项目管理系统的总体框架，该系统已经在实际中得到应用。     

基于互联网的电子商务安全系统的设计

随着因特网（Internet）的飞速发展和信息经济、网络经济等概念的提出,电子商务越来越受到人们的关注,尤其是随着Internet技术的日益成熟．电子商务真正的发展将是基于Internet技术之上的。本文详细阐述了本文所提出的基于Internet的电子商务安全系统的需求分析,并具体描述电子商务安全系统的功能模块设计,包括基于Web Service的PKI系统的设计和基于优化的XML安全技术的电子订单的设计。     

基于Internet远程实验系统神经网络控制算法的实现

描述了基于Internet远程过程控制实验系统以及基于BP神经网络整定PID控制算法在此控制系统中的实现。实验者可远程操作实验装置,可远程选择控制算法。测试结果表明应用基于BP神经网络整定PID控制算法于此远程过程控制实验系统中,系统动态响应快、具有较高的控制精度,满足过程控制实验的要求。     

现场总线过程控制与远程监视实验系统

基于LonWorks现场总线技术和Internet技术，介绍一个具有远程监视功能的LonWorks现场总线过程控制实验系统CS2003的设计与实现。它集下位智能节点控制、上位可视化图形组态监控及远程监视为一体，具有组态界面友好、运行实时可靠、操作简单方便等优点。通过实验和应用表明了系统运行状况良好，达到预期要求。     

基于Internet的远程控制实验室研究

工科院校实验教学是培养学生专业素质的重要手段,基于Internet的远程控制实验室建设可能是解决学生数量多、实验室建设经费不足的有效途径.在详细分析了虚拟实验室、远程实验室和真实实验室的优缺点和目前国内外远程实验室存在的问题后,提出了远程实验室系统的功能需求,描述了远程实验室的系统体系结构和远程控制实验步骤,并分析了几种控制回路的特点和实现方法,最后,简要介绍了一个基于Internet的远程过程控制实验室的设计实例.     

嵌入式Internet应用研究

当前,嵌入式系统的研究开发得到了迅速的发展,多种多样的嵌入式应用系统已经开发出来,随着Internet技术的发展,嵌入式系统的Internet应用需求越来越多。嵌入式系统的Internet应用扩展了Internet的应用范围,从而形成了新的技术领域——嵌入式Internet,嵌入式Internet也将成为下一代Internet的标志。     

基于VRML的虚拟现实协同系统的研究

分析了用VRML构造的基于Internet的虚拟现实协同系统的局限性，讨论了如何将VRML技术与Java等其它技术结合，提高Internet环境下协同环境的交互性。在此基础上，给出了一个虚拟环境下协同系统的设计结构。该系统是基于Internet的Browser/Server结构，用户在浏览器下以虚拟现实的形式协同工作。客户端基于浏览器，服务器与客户端之间遵循CORBA进行交互。     

Design issues and implementation of internet-based process control systems

The Internet provides great potential for the high-level control of process plants. Internet-based process control is a new concept which has been received much attention in previous years. However, little work has so far been done aimed at developing systematic design methods for the design of such Internet-based process control systems. In this paper, five essential design issues that arise from web-related features of Internet-based process control have been investigated: requirement specification, architecture selection, web-based interface design, supervision control, and system safety checking. A water tank control system is used to demonstrate our design methodology. Uniquely, video feedback, text-based chatting, and a whiteboard are embedded in the system and shared by multiple communicating users. Virtual supervision parameter control is implemented to overcome the dynamic time delays caused by the Internet traffic. The experimental results show that the Internet-based control system for the water tank can have a similar behaviour to the local control system if properly designed.     

Standards versus guidelines for designing user interface software

There are significant differences between designing hardware and software for the user interface to computer-based information systems. Formal standards may improve hardware design but may prove ineffective for aiding software design. Our present knowledge supports development of flexible design guidelines for user interface software, but does not justify imposition of standards. Effective application of guidelines will require a process of translation into system-specific design rules, and/or future incorporation into computer-based design algorithms.     

The impact of computer-based procedures on team performance,communication, and situation awareness

In nuclear power plants, operating procedures are adopted to aid the operators in performing their tasks. With the evolution of computer hardware and software, the analog human-machine systems of the main control room in the nuclear power plant have been replaced with digital systems. Moreover, automated operations now outnumber manual operations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of computer-based procedures on the team performance, communication, and situation awareness of operators in the main control room. To achieve the purpose, a within-subjects experiment was designed and then a survey was conducted. The results showed that the teams had better objective performance and higher situation awareness when using computer-based procedures. In addition, the teams also had lower human error and lower communication rates when using computer-based procedures. This study proposes that computer-based procedures are advantageous to the operation of the systems of the main control rooms in nuclear power plants.Relevance to industryComputerized procedures system is one of the specific features for advanced nuclear power plant. This study explores and analyzes the team performance, communication, and situation awareness difference between paper-based, electronic, and computer-based procedures in detail. It may provide practical information for how to apply computer-based procedures to perform the tasks in the main control room of the advanced nuclear power plant.     

Investigation of decision making process: a hypermedia approach

Research in decision making has concentrated mainly on the decision outcome (choice) rather than on the process of the decision making. This pattern is primarily due to the lack of an acceptable unobtrusive tool for investigation of the decision process. Further, the lack of a consistent decision aid in empirical works has hindered the comparison of results. The purpose of this paper is to present a flexible and adaptable computer-based system for empirical examination of information processing. The main thrust of the proposed system is to provide guidelines to the restrictive/channeling approach to system design. This system can be easily modified to suit different experimental research requirements. It should support more realistic decision tasks, which often are criticized in decision experiments. Furthermore, availability of this system should encourage more research work on the process of decision making. The nature of this support system is linked to the literature, and specifications and components of the system are provided.     

Concept maps: A useful and usable tool for computer-based knowledge assessment? A literature review with a focus on usability

The concept map is now widely accepted as an instrument for the assessment of conceptual knowledge and is increasingly being embedded into technology-based environments. Usability addresses how appropriate (for a particular use) or how user-friendly a computer-based assessment instrument is. As we know from human-computer interaction research, if the interface is not user-friendly, a computer-based assessment can result in decreased test performance and reduced validity. This means that the usability of the interface affects the assessment in such a way that if the test is not user-friendly, then the test taker will not be able to fully demonstrate his/her level of proficiency and will instead be scored according to his/her information and communication technology (ICT) literacy skills. The guidelines of the International Test Commission (2006) require usability testing for such instruments and suggest that design standards be implemented. However, we do not know whether computer-conducted concept map assessments fulfill these standards. The present paper addresses this aspect. We conducted a systematic research review to examine whether and how researchers have studied and considered usability when conducting computer-based concept map assessments. Only 24 out of 119 journal articles that assessed computer-based concept maps discussed the usability issue in some way. Nevertheless, our review brings to light the idea that the impact of usability on computer-based concept map assessments is an issue that has received insufficient attention. In addition, usability ensures a suitable interaction between test taker and test device; thus, the training effort required for test use can be reduced if a test's usability is straight forward. Our literature review, however, illustrates that the interplay between usability and test use training has mostly been neglected in current studies.     

An industrial and academic perspective on plantwide control

The purpose of this paper is to stress the importance of selecting the right plantwide control structure and the need for a formalized approach that can encompass the many issues that arise in plantwide control design. Since the concept of process control design based on a holistic view of the process came about, the variety of procedures and approaches to the design problem has illustrated the difficulty of a unified approach. Using examples, the need and advantages of using a systematic approach based on considering the plant economics are highlighted. The examples deal with disturbance rejection, throughput maximization and economic optimization of plants consisting of parallel units.     

Delineation of House Design Guidelines for Fall Prevention of Older People

As the average life span becomes longer due to the development of medical technology and improving living conditions, interest in the quality of life in old age is on the increase. Health is central to a better quality of life, but the increasing healthcare costs incurred by older people are expected to become a heavy burden on society. Falls are the main external cause of unintentional injury among older people and are also responsible for a large proportion of healthcare costs. They occur frequently in the home and this has necessitated the improvement of the home environment in relation to fall prevention. Although there have been a considerable amount of studies concerning design features and guidelines, not enough research about the relationship between fall risks and the home environment has been conducted. In this context, the purpose of this study is to delineate house design guidelines for fall prevention in a comprehensive and systematic way. The main method of this study is a content analysis technique, and thirteen sources related to the environmental design for fall prevention and universal design were analysed through the content analysis. As a result, a total of 220 guidelines for fall prevention were identified and systematically arranged according to fall risk factors. These guidelines will help older people better perceive the danger of falls and will promote the improvement of housing conditions based on fall risk factors.     

The Use of Multimedia Guidelines versus Designers' Attitudes

In order to maintain a standard design approach to developing computer-based training materials for multimedia development software, a need was identified for a design guide. Initial investigations found that current how-to-do-it guides were not focused enough to suit the specific context of this project. The research reported here has centred on compiling a more focused set of design guidelines from existing sources. This paper presents some of the findings and issues arising from the research project, including the negative attitudes of students who felt their creativity was constrained by working to design guidelines.     

A note on the stability of habituating process control

For a class of single-output processes with at least two control inputs, this note proposes a simple control design and study its stability. To this end, the process is factorized into a stable and non-minimum-phase factor and a possible unstable minimum-phase factor. By the addition of a (low-pass) filter of suitable dimension, one can obtain a process factorization where the minimum-phase factor has a proper and stable inverse. Once the plant has been factorized in this form, the proposed control synthesis method is composed of two main steps; namely, output regulation based on the non-minimum-phase factor and design of an optimization-based divider to compute the value corresponding to the multiple inputs. In this way, one obtains the control transfer function of each control input in a parallel control architecture. An analysis of the control structure is provided, giving sufficient conditions for the stability of the control loop.     

Reducing Internet-based intrusions: Effective security patch management

The Software Productivity Consortium (the Consortium) has been investigating methods for improving and measuring four essential defenses against Internet-based threats: security patch management, system and application hardening, network reconnaissance and enumeration, and tools against malicious software. These defenses increasingly are critical to an organization's information security posture and should be implemented in an effective, systematic, and repeatable fashion. Senior-level managers or executives should review process measurement data regularly to ensure that these defenses are being performed properly and to provide an objective basis for organizational improvement. This article focuses on lessons learned implementing improvements in the first of these defenses, security patch management, and is derived largely from pilot projects conducted in collaboration with Consortium members. The need for improved security patch management figured prominently in the recent draft cyber security strategy issued by the White House. The practices examined in this article can assist organizations in substantially reducing the risk from Internet-based compromises.