基于MapReduce的语义发布/订阅系统

为了提高已有的语义发布/订阅系统中事件与订阅匹配的时间效率,提出了基于MapReduce[1]的语义发布/订阅系统[2]。对语义发布/订阅系统的处理流程进行了认知与分解,指出订阅与事件的匹配时间效率是系统必须要解决的问题,在语义发布/订阅模型的基础上设计了新的匹配模块。对过去已完成的匹配方案进行了分解,采用基于MapReduce的并行处理技术[3]对事件与订阅的匹配进行并行处理,从而提高系统的时间效率。该系统通过加入多台具有相同处理能力的处理机,搭建了一个能够并行处理的运行环境,验证了该系统的准确性和有效性。     

支持语义等价的自动化订阅分解方法

传统的发布/订阅系统不能自动完成原子订阅到语义等价的复合订阅转换,降低了系统的可用性和订阅匹配能力。针对该问题,提出支持语义等价的自动化订阅分解模型,给出相应的基于XChangeEQ的订阅分解算法,将原子订阅分解成语义上等价的复合订阅。应用案例表明,该算法可为订阅者提供基于复合事件的订阅结果,提高了原发布/订阅系统的可用性和表达能力。     

基于有环图的内容发布订阅路由算法

针对现有内容发布/订阅系统事件路由算法不支持有环图下订阅覆盖的问题,采用目的地动态更新与划分、逆向最短路径转发等策略,提出一种有环图下支持订阅覆盖的路由算法。分析表明,该算法完全满足有环图拓扑应用的需求,可确保订阅者收到匹配订阅的事件,避免事件转发形成环路。     

基于B+树的发布/订阅并行匹配算法

现有的消息匹配算法不能很好地满足大规模分布式发布/订阅系统中海量数据的有效分发。为此,提出一种高效的发布/订阅并行匹配算法。采用B+树的存储结构,订阅消息按属性-值进行空间划分,建立多级索引订阅属性树,消息匹配采用改进的B+树查询方法,结合计数的思想实现快速消息匹配。实验结果表明,该算法在大规模分布式发布/订阅系统中,消息匹配时间短,订阅匹配树生成迅速,匹配效果更好。     

面向大规模分布式计算发布订阅系统核心技术

发布/订阅系统技术具有异步、松散耦合和多对多通信的特点,适应了目前动态多变的大规模分布式计算环境的需求,有着广阔的应用前景.分析了国内外发布/订阅系统的研究现状,并从拓扑结构、事件模型和订阅模型等不同角度进行了系统的分类,然后分别就其关键问题从匹配算法、基于内容的路由算法、形式化建模和服务质量等方面进行了阐述,并对已有的典型系统进行了分析比较,指出了当前该领域研究存在的问题和不足.同时,分析了在支持语义和近似匹配来增强系统智能性所面临的挑战,展望了发布/订阅系统在支持移动计算、P2P等新型计算环境下的研究趋势.     

一种支持语义的发布／订阅系统

针对基于内容的发布／订阅系统中消息异构导致匹配准确率降低的问题,本文通过定义事件和订阅属性间的语义关系,利用语义转换模块,提出一种支持语义的发布／订阅系统的设计方法,并将其应用于SINEA发布订阅系统中。实验结果表明,该方法可在一定程度上支持语义异构,提高匹配的准确度。     

基于P2P网络的语义发布/订阅系统路由算法研究

在结构化P2P网络基础上构建语义发布/订阅系统是近年来的研究热点。提出一种基于Chord的语义事件路由算法,算法采用基于集结点的路由策略,首先使用保留语义的哈希函数将订阅映射至事件代理集结点;其次根据订阅与事件之间的语义信息,仅发布事件至可能匹配的订阅集结点,采用Chord路由协议构建的订阅生成树分发通知消息;最后过载的集结点通过订阅迁移实现系统负载均衡。仿真实验表明,算法在一定程度上减少了资源消耗,提高了路由效率,达到了负载均衡。     

基于主题模型的位置感知订阅发布系统

随着移动互联网的迅速发展和智能手机的普及,基于位置感知的订阅发布系统在工业界和学术界引起了广泛重视。现有系统主要处理海量空间数据下订阅与事件的查询匹配问题,其匹配模型主要是基于空间关键字之间的相似性,鲜有研究考虑语义相关性。为了探索并实现订阅发布系统在语义上的查询与匹配,提出了一种基于主题模型的位置感知订阅发布系统。 首先, 该系统利用主题模型对订阅发布系统中的关键字进行主题映射。然后,设计了一种两步分区索引结构RPTM-trees,并使用该索引结构为订阅的主题集合和空间信息建立索引。RPTM-trees根据主题集合的主题个数及关键主题对订阅进行两步分区索引,使其对订阅的分区能力更强,从而显著提升查询匹配的效率。最后,在高流速的事件流、千万级订阅数据集上进行了实验,实验结果表明所提方案是稳定和高效的。     

LCESM:位置敏感的上下文事件订阅机制

传统的位置敏感发布/订阅系统的研究集中于事件发布和匹配,不能很好地支持在同一事件源上频繁发生的上下文事件的订阅。给出一种位置敏感的上下文事件订阅机制,该机制包括位置敏感的上下文事件订阅语言I_ACI和动态绑定方法。基于LACL定义了位置事件和事件源事件,两者分别使系统具有位置感知能力和事件源感知能力;动态绑定包括上下文事件源到订阅的自动映射和agent与订阅的绑定关系,自动映射将事件与订阅的匹配有效地转化为事件源与订阅的匹配,从而减少匹配次数和提高系统性能;agent对订阅的动态操作为传感器减少了不必要的监听成本。在上下文感知中间件CTK上实现该机制,并通过实验验证了其有效性。     

发布/订阅系统中的原子订阅管理和匹配

如何有效地管理原子订阅并将事件与原子订阅高效地匹配,是发布/订阅系统需要关注的关键问题.首先将原子订阅组织成为一个覆盖森林,然后在这个结构上执行原子订阅的匹配,同时使用谓词的多级索引结构为原子订阅匹配提供支持.此方法已在基于内容的发布/订阅系统OncePubSub上实现.给出了用于验证算法性能和开销的实验.实验结果表明,上述方法具有良好的匹配性能和可伸缩性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate