基于UKF的惯导/被动导引头组合位置修正方法

在导弹末制导阶段,结合自适应UKF滤波方法和直接滤波模型实现惯导/被动导引头组合导航,以提高惯导系统定位精度.首先采用惯导参数和导引头视线信息建立非线性模型,然后结合模型特点对UKF滤波流程进行简化,并针对系统状态变化较快和量测噪声不稳定的特点给出改进的自适应UKF滤波方法,能实现视线信息辅助修正惯导系统位置误差.仿真结果表明,该滤波方法具有较高的估计精度和较快的收敛速度,7s时惯导/被动导引头组合定位误差不高于30m.     

鲁棒无迹四元数卡尔曼滤波初始对准算法

针对GPS辅助的低精度捷联惯导系统行进间初始对准时GPS易受野值的影响和陀螺零偏的累积误差导致航向角误差曲线波动的问题,提出了一种鲁棒四元数无迹卡尔曼滤波初始对准算法。首先,建立了无迹卡尔曼滤波的预测模型和量测模型,分析了GPS野值对于观测矢量的影响;然后,推导了模值匹配权值函数,结合无迹四元数卡尔曼滤波设计了鲁棒四元数无迹估计器;最后,设计了仿真与跑车实验,实验结果表明,本文所提出的算法不仅能去除GPS中的野值,还能有效抑制陀螺零偏带来的影响。     

车载惯导里程仪组合导航系统安装误差标定研究

研究了捷联惯导、GPS、里程仪和气压高度计构成的组合导航系统中惯导安装误差角对里程仪航位推算精度的影响;提出了以GPS输出作为辅助信息对惯导安装误差进行标定的方法;设计了以里程仪航位推算误差传播方程为系统方程,以里程仪航位推算结果和GSP位置输出之差为量测,通过卡尔曼滤波估计惯导安装误差的标定方法;仿真结果表明,该方法对惯导安装误差的标定精度能达到角秒级。在调试过程中采用该方法标定补偿后的系统实际跑车实验航位推算精度达到5m+行程的0.15%,表明补偿后残余的惯导安装误差影响已经可以忽略。     

车载战术导弹传递对准仿真研究

研究了车载战术导弹发射前的传递对准问题。提出了将主惯导安装于导弹发射架上,利用导弹发射前发射架的俯仰运动作为激励加快传递对准过程的方法。推导了弹载子惯导的误差方程和用于传递对准的量测方程。根据推导的方程设计了卡尔曼滤波器实现速度加姿态匹配传递对准。针对导弹发射前载车的典型运动情况进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,在载车运动过程中弹载子惯导的水平姿态误差角估计误差可在30 s内减小到2’以内,通过导弹竖起过程中角运动的激励,航向误差角估计误差迅速减小到3’以内。     

捷联惯导/北斗高精度组合导航方法研究

提出采用紧组合方式进行捷联惯导/北斗组合导航设计,首先对捷联惯导与北斗系统进行误差分析与建模,将捷联惯导系统误差、北斗等效时钟误差相应的距离(伪距误差)以及等效时钟频率误差相应的距离率(伪距率误差)作为组合导航系统状态;利用捷联惯导位置输出与北斗接收机星历输出构造获得等效伪距,将其与北斗接收机测量的伪距对应相减作为量测,推导建立对应的量测方程,采用卡尔曼滤波设计捷联惯导/北斗组合导航滤波算法;仿真结果表明,该组合导航方法的速度精度达到±0.05 m/s,位置精度达到±3.2 m,水平姿态精度达到±0.4′,航向精度达到±1.6′。     

捷联惯导欧拉角误差模型二位置对准方法

在捷联惯导初始对准优化的研究中,由于存在非线性,很难描述误差特性。为提高捷联惯导系统初始对准的精度,缩短对准时间,根据欧拉角误差的传播规律,推导了惯导系统角度和速度误差微分方程,建立了非线性的对准模型。非线性模型的计算一直是难点问题,一般采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF),为减小计算量,采用了超球面采样点变换(SSUT)的采样策略,结合线性的量测方程,对滤波算法进行了改造和简化。根据全局可观性理论,为提高系统观测度,以二位置静态对准为条件,并对提出的方法进行了仿真和实验验证。结果表明,模型具有很高的精度,并能有效估计惯性器件误差。改进方法对大失准角下的系统初始对准及惯性器件测漂具有较好的参考价值。     

惯性导航系统在线标定方法研究

论文针对惯性导航系统在线标定的问题,利用GPS提供的基准速度和位置信息,采用基于卡尔曼滤波技术的“速度＋位置”匹配方法,以惯导系统与GPS的速度和位置的差值作为量测值,对加速度计和陀螺仪误差进行在线标定。仿真结果表明,经在线标定补偿后惯导系统定位误差降低了97．2％。该方法显著提高了导航精度,效率较高,具有一定的实用价值。     

宽频段雷达制导中的高精度引导模型设计仿真

由于宽频段雷达制导中的雷达头对工作频率较低以及高频点的检测信噪比较低,并且检测噪声受到雷达频点和地形等因素的干扰,使得传统鲁棒滤波的制导模型,无法处理高随机性的噪声,不能实现雷达制导的高精度引导.提出一种基于惯导系统的雷达制导高精度引导模型,采用惯导位置、速度信息辅助抗舷外干扰的信息操作方法,在宽频段雷达制导跟踪过程,塑造弹目相对运动模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波降低雷达引导头随机检测误差,得到目标位置以及速度信息,实现导弹制导的高精度引导.实验结果说明,所提方法具有较高的引导精度和鲁棒性,是一种有效的雷达制导引导模型.     

基于最大熵卡尔曼滤波的机载SINS星敏感器辅助空中标定技术

为增强机载捷联惯导系统（SINS）在自标定过程中的可观测性,提升陀螺仪漂移和加速度计零偏估计的速度和精度,引入星敏感器姿态信息和GPS速度信息,辅助完成捷联惯导系统的空中标定。同时,考虑在实际空中飞行条件下,受气流、电磁干扰等影响,姿态和速度的量测噪声呈非高斯分布且噪声统计特性不精确,导致经典卡尔曼滤波性能降低。为有效利用量测信号中的高阶矩信息,在卡尔曼滤波中采用最大熵准则代替最小均方误差准则,对星敏感器辅助下的机载捷联惯导系统的误差进行标定。仿真结果表明,经最大熵卡尔曼滤波后,惯性器件误差的标定精度明显提升;在采用星敏感器后,对陀螺仪漂移的标定速度和精度都得到了提升。     

捷联惯导系统中卡尔曼滤波的应用研究

为提高捷联惯导系统初始对准精度,提出将卡尔曼滤波技术应用于系统初始精对准,用以估计系统的失准角和惯性误差。对卡尔曼滤波技术在捷联惯导系统中的应用进行分析,建立捷联惯导系统初始对准误差模型和卡尔曼滤波量测方程。分析不同条件下不同滤波方法的滤波原理和滤波精度。在此基础上,提出一种将预测扩展卡尔曼滤波应用于逆向导航技术的思路,并进行了理论分析和捷联惯导系统自对准流程设计,为后续进一步深入开展惯导系统初始对准奠定基础。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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