基于向量余弦的支持向量机主动学习策略

针对传统基于主动学习的支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）方法中所采用的欧式距离不能有效衡量高维样本之间的相关程度,导致学习器泛化能力下降的问题,提出了一种基于向量余弦的支持向量机主动学习（SVM active learning based on vector cosine）策略,称为COS_SVMactive方法。该方法通过在主动学习过程中引入向量余弦来度量训练集中样本信息的冗余度,以挑选那些含有重要分类信息的最有价值样本交给专家进行人工标注,并在迭代的样本标注过程中对训练集的平衡度进行逐步调整,使学习器获得更好的泛化性能。实验结果表明,与传统基于随机采样的SVM主动学习方法（SVM active learning based on ran-dom sampling,RS_SVMactive）和基于距离的SVM主动学习方法（SVM active learning based on distance, DIS_SVMactive）相比,COS_SVMactive方法不仅可以提高分类精度,而且能够减少专家标记代价。     

基于仿射聚类的主动SVM多类分类方法

针对现有的主动学习算法在多分类器应用中存在准确率低、速度慢等问题,将基于仿射传播(AP)聚类的主动学习算法引入到多分类支持向量机中,每次迭代主动选择最有利于改善多类SVM分类器性能的N个新样本点添加到训练样本点中进行学习,使得在花费较小标注代价情况下,能够获得较高的分类性能。在多个不同数据集上的实验结果表明,新方法能够有效地减少分类器训练时所需的人工标注样本点的数量,并获得较高的准确率和较好的鲁棒性。     

结合属性值贡献度与平均相似度的KNN改进算法

与传统的K-近邻算法不同,提出了一种结合属性值贡献度与平均相似度的KNN改进算法。首先考虑测试样本与相似样本点间的平均相似度,其次考虑不同类别中的相似样本点的个数,最后还考虑与相似样本相同的属性值对类别的贡献度。在蘑菇数据集上进行实验结果表明,改进后的KNN分类算法的准确率比传统的K-近邻分类算法的准确率更高。     

一种新的基于SVM和主动学习的图像检索方法

在基于内容的图像检索中,支持向量机（SVM）能够很好地解决小样本问题,而主动学习算法则可以根据学习进程主动选择最佳的样本进行学习,大幅度缩短训练时间,提高分类算法效率。为使图像检索更加快速、高效,提出一种新的基于SVM和主动学习的图像检索方法。该方法根据SVM构造分类器,通过“V”型删除法快速缩减样本集,同时通过最优选择法从缩减样本集中选取最优的样本作为训练样本,最终构造出不仅信息度大而且冗余度低的最优训练样本集,从而训练出更好的SVM分类器,得到更高的检索效率。实验结果表明,与传统的SVM主动学习的图像检索方法相比,该方法能够较大幅度提高检索性能。     

基于主动学习的图半监督分类算法

为抑制噪声数据对分类结果的影响,将噪声处理算法与高斯随机域算法相结合,提出一种带噪声系数的高斯随机域学习算法;针对样本集不平衡性数据分类问题,考虑主动学习在样本不平衡问题中的应用,将主动学习与图半监督算法相结合,提出一种鲁棒性强的主动学习图半监督分类算法。利用基于样本划分的主动学习方法,对正类的近邻样本集中样本与特定类样本形成的新样本集做总体散度排序,筛选出能使新样本集中总体散度最小的样本,代替正类的近邻样本集中所有样本,形成平衡类。在UCI标准数据集上的实验结果表明,与标准的图半监督算法相比,该算法的分类精度更高、泛化能力更强。     

基于主动学习和自学习的噪声源识别方法

多数分类识别算法需要大量的已标注样本对分类模型进行训练。实际应用中,对大量样本进行标注枯燥耗时且代价昂贵,因此能够获得的已标注样本数量非常有限。将基于不确定性样本的主动学习和代表性样本的自学习方法引入到基于支持向量数据描述的分类模型中,提出了一种新的分类识别方法。通过主动学习去挖掘那些对当前分类模型最有价值的样本进行人工标注,并借助自学习方法进一步利用样本集中大量的未标注样本,使得在花费较小的标注代价下,能够获得良好的分类性能。在潜艇机械噪声源识别问题上的实验结果验证了该方法能有效降低样本标注代价。     

结合主动学习的多记录网页属性抽取方法*

属性抽取可分为对齐和语义标注两个过程,现有对齐方法中部分含有相同标签不同语义的属性会错分到同一个组,而且为了提高语义标注的精度,通常需要大量的人工标注训练集.为此,文中提出结合主动学习的多记录网页属性抽取方法.针对属性错分问题,引入属性的浅层语义,减少相同标签语义不一致的影响.在语义标注阶段,基于网页的文本、视觉和全局特征,采用基于主动学习的SVM分类方法获得带有语义的结构化数据.同时在主动学习的策略选择方面,通过引入样本整体信息,构建基于不确定性度量的策略,选择语义分类预测不准的样本进行标注.实验表明,在论坛、微博等多个数据集上,相比现有方法,文中方法抽取效果更好.     

基于PageRank的主动学习算法

在许多分类任务中,存在大量未标记的样本,并且获取样本标签耗时且昂贵。利用主动学习算法确定最应被标记的关键样本,来构建高精度分类器,可以最大限度地减少标记成本。本文提出一种基于PageRank的主动学习算法（PAL）,充分利用数据分布信息进行有效的样本选择。利用PageRank根据样本间的相似度关系依次计算邻域、分值矩阵和排名向量;选择代表样本,并根据其相似度关系构建二叉树,利用该二叉树对代表样本进行聚类,标记和预测;将代表样本作为训练集,对其他样本进行分类。实验采用8个公开数据集,与5种传统的分类算法和3种流行的主动学习算法比较,结果表明PAL算法能取得更好的分类效果。     

TL-SVM:一种迁移学习新算法

迁移学习旨在利用大量已标签源域数据解决相关但不相同的目标域问题. 当与某领域相关的新领域出现时, 若重新标注新领域, 则样本代价昂贵, 丢弃所有旧领域数据又十分浪费. 对此, 基于SVM算法提出一种新颖的迁移学习算法—–TL-SVM, 通过使用目标域少量已标签数据和大量相关领域的旧数据来为目标域构建一个高质量的分类模型, 该方法既继承了基于经验风险最小化最大间隔SVM的优点, 又弥补了传统SVM不能进行知识迁移的缺陷. 实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

TL-SVM:一种迁移学习算法

迁移学习旨在利用大量已标签源域数据解决相关但不相同的目标域问题.当与某领域相关的新领域出现时,若重新标注新领域,则样本代价昂贵,丢弃所有旧领域数据又十分浪费.对此,基于SVM算法提出一种新颖的迁移学习算法—–TL-SVM,通过使用目标域少量已标签数据和大量相关领域的旧数据来为目标域构建一个高质量的分类模型,该方法既继承了基于经验风险最小化最大间隔SVM的优点,又弥补了传统SVM不能进行知识迁移的缺陷.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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