灾变遗传算法求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题

提出一种可以有效求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题的灾变遗传算法.遗传算法作为一种高效的启发式算法被用于解决这类组合优化问题,但是该算法存在过早收敛、易陷入局部最优等缺陷.针对此问题,在搜索过程中采用灾变算子使遗传算法跳出局部最优,并针对车辆调度问题设计一种可以直接产生可行解的交叉算子,避免染色体交叉过程中产生不可行的子代.通过仿真算例验证了所提出的算法求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题的有效性;通过与标准遗传算法、改进遗传算法和粒子群算法的比较,进一步验证了灾变遗传算法在优化性能以及算法鲁棒性方面的优势.     

A genetic algorithm for a single hoist scheduling in the printed-circuit-board electroplating line

In this paper, the problem of determining cyclic schedules for a material handling hoist in the printed-circuit-board(PCB) electroplating line is considered. The objective of this research is to determine an optimal simple-cycle schedule of the hoist which in turn maximizes the line throughput rate. Previous approaches to the cyclic hoist scheduling problem are all mathematical programming-based approaches to develop cyclic schedules(Mixed Integer Programming, Linear Programming based Branch and Bound, Branch and Bound Search Method and so on). In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based approach for a single hoist scheduling in the PCB electroplating line is described. Through an experiment for the well known example data, the proposed algorithm is shown to be more efficient than the previous mathematical programming-based algorithm.     

求解VSPSTW问题的混合差分演化算法

在描述带软时间窗车辆调度问题数学模型基础上,提出将模拟退火算法与差分演化算法相结合的混合优化算法求解该问题。该算法利用了模拟退火算法具有的较强局部搜索能力和差分演化算法的强全局搜索能力,克服了差分演化算法的“早期收敛”问题。实验结果表明,该算法比单一的差分演化算法计算效率高,收敛速度快,计算结果也比较稳定,是解决车辆调度问题的有效方法。     

A hybrid genetic algorithm for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows

Driven by the newlegislation on greenhouse gas emissions, carriers began to use electric vehicles (EVs) for logistics transportation.This paper addresses an electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (EVRPTW). The electricity consumptionof EVs is expressed by the battery state-of-charge (SoC). To make it more realistic, we take into account the terrain gradesof roads, which affect the travel process of EVs. Within our work, the battery SoC dynamics of EVs are used to describe thissituation. We aim to minimize the total electricity consumption while serving a set of customers. To tackle this problem, weformulate the problem as a mixed integer programming model. Furthermore, we develop a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) thatcombines the 2-opt algorithm with GA. In simulation results, by the comparison of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithmand GA, the proposed approach indicates that it can provide better solutions in a short time.     

解不同交货期并行机调度问题的并行遗传算法

为有效地解决不同交货期窗口下的非等同并行多机提前/拖后调度问题,设计了一种分段编码的混合遗传算法。此编码方式能反映工件的分配序列,并利用调度优先级规则和最好适应值规则相结合的启发式算法对其顺序进行了调整,加快了收敛速度。同时为了更好地适应调度实时性和解大规模此类问题的需要,基于遗传算法自然并行性特点的基础上,实现了主从式控制网络模式下并行混合遗传算法。计算结果表明,此算法是有效的,优于遗传算法,有着较高的并行性,并能适用于大规模不同交货期窗口下非等同并行多机提前/拖后调度问题。     

A genetic algorithm approach for the single machine scheduling problem with linear earliness and quadratic tardiness penalties

In this paper, we consider the single machine scheduling problem with linear earliness and quadratic tardiness costs, and no machine idle time. We propose a genetic approach based on a random key alphabet. Several genetic algorithms based on this approach are presented. These versions differ on the generation of the initial population, as well as on the use of local search. The proposed procedures are compared with existing heuristics, as well as with optimal solutions for the smaller instance sizes.     

A discrete time exact solution approach for a complex hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem with limited-wait constraints

We study a real-world complex hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem arising from a bio-process industry. There are a variety of constraints to be taken into account, in particular zero intermediate capacity and limited waiting time between processing stages. We propose an exact solution approach for this optimization problem, based on a discrete time representation and a mixed-integer linear programming formulation. The proposed solution algorithm makes use of a new family of valid inequalities exploiting the fact that a limited waiting time is imposed on jobs between two successive production stages. The results of our computational experiments confirm that the proposed method produces good feasible schedules for industrial instances.     

The manpower allocation problem with time windows and job-teaming constraints: A branch-and-price approach

In this paper, we consider the manpower allocation problem with time windows, job-teaming constraints and a limited number of teams (m-MAPTWTC). Given a set of teams and a set of tasks, the problem is to assign to each team a sequential order of tasks to maximize the total number of assigned tasks. Both teams and tasks may be restricted by time windows outside which operation is not possible. Some tasks require cooperation between teams, and all teams cooperating must initiate execution simultaneously. We present an integer programming model for the problem, which is decomposed using Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition. The problem is solved by column generation in a branch-and-price framework. Simultaneous execution of tasks is enforced by the branching scheme. To test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, 12 realistic test instances are introduced. The algorithm is able to find the optimal solution in 11 of the test instances. The main contribution of this article is the addition of synchronization between teams in an exact optimization context.     

基于改进遗传算法的带时间窗车辆路径问题研究

该文以最小化配送时间为目标,研究带时间窗的车辆路径问题,建立整数规划模型。为了加快遗传算法的收敛速度和寻优能力,提出一种改进遗法算法IGALS(Improved Genetic Algorithm with Local Search)。改进算法借用精英保留策略,采用点交叉和段交叉算子结合的交叉算子;提出路段允许延迟时间概念,并以此为依据使用局部搜索策略进一步提高解的质量。通过Solomon标准算例测试,验证了改进算法(IGALS)较简单遗传算法(GA)具有更好的全局寻优能力和更快的收敛速度。     

A hybrid algorithm for vehicle routing problem with time windows

Vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a well-known combinatorial problem. Many researches have presented meta-heuristics are effective approaches for VRPTW. This paper proposes a hybrid approach, which consists of ant colony optimization (ACO) and Tabu search, to solve the problem. To improve the performance of ACO, a neighborhood search is introduced. Furthermore, when ACO is close to the convergence Tabu search is used to maintain the diversity of ACO and explore new solutions. Computational experiments are reported for a set of the Solomon’s 56 VRPTW and the approach is compared with some meta-heuristic published in literature. Results show that considering the tradeoff of quality and computation time, the hybrid algorithm is a competitive approach for VRPTW.     

Exact algorithms for single-machine scheduling with time windows and precedence constraints

We study a single-machine scheduling problem that is a generalization of a number of problems for which computational procedures have already been published. Each job has a processing time, a release date, a due date, a deadline, and a weight representing the penalty per unit-time delay beyond the due date. The goal is to schedule all jobs such that the total weighted tardiness penalty is minimized and both the precedence constraints as well as the time windows (implied by the release dates and the deadlines) are respected. We develop a branch-and-bound algorithm that solves the problem to optimality. Computational results show that our approach is effective in solving medium-sized instances, and that it compares favorably with existing methods for special cases of the problem.     

Production and delivery scheduling problem with time windows

This paper deals with the problem of selecting and scheduling the orders to be processed by a manufacturing plant for immediate delivery to the customer site. Among the constraints to be considered are the limited production capacity, the available number of vehicles and the time windows within which orders must be served. We first describe the problem as it occurs in practice in some industrial environments, and then present an integer programming model that maximizes the profit due to the customer orders to be processed. A tabu search-based solution procedure to solve this problem is developed and tested empirically with randomly generated problems. Comparisons with an exact procedure show that the method finds very good-quality solutions with small computation requirements.     

A genetic and set partitioning two-phase approach for the vehicle routing problem with time windows

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) is a well-known and complex combinatorial problem, which has received considerable attention in recent years. This problem has been addressed using many different techniques including both exact and heuristic methods. The VRPTW benchmark problems of Solomon [Algorithms for the vehicle routing and scheduling problems with time window constraints, Operations Research 1987; 35(2): 254–65] have been most commonly chosen to evaluate and compare all algorithms. Results from exact methods have been improved considerably because of parallel implementations and modern branch-and-cut techniques. However, 24 out of the 56 high order instances from Solomon's original test set still remain unsolved. Additionally, in many cases a prohibitive time is needed to find the exact solution. Many of the heuristic methods developed have proved to be efficient in identifying good solutions in reasonable amounts of time. Unfortunately, whilst the research efforts based on exact methods have been focused on the total travel distance, the focus of almost all heuristic attempts has been on the number of vehicles. Consequently, it is more difficult to compare and take advantage of the strong points from each approach. This paper proposes a robust heuristic approach for the VRPTW using travel distance as the main objective through an efficient genetic algorithm and a set partitioning formulation. The tests were produced using real numbers and truncated data type, allowing a direct comparison of its results against previously published heuristic and exact methods. Furthermore, computational results show that the proposed heuristic approach outperforms all previously known and published heuristic methods in terms of the minimal travel distance.     

A hybrid genetic algorithm for the single machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times

This paper presents a hybrid approach based on the integration between a genetic algorithm (GA) and concepts from constraint programming, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and ant colony optimization for solving a scheduling problem. The main contributions are the integration of these concepts in a GA crossover operator. The proposed methodology is applied to a single machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times for the objective of minimizing the total tardiness. A sensitivity analysis of the hybrid approach is carried out to compare the performance of the GA and the hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) approaches on different benchmarks from the literature. The numerical experiments demonstrate the HGA efficiency and effectiveness which generates solutions that approach those of the known reference sets and improves several lower bounds.     

A tabu search approach to the truck scheduling problem with multiple docks and time windows

While organizing the cross-docking operations, cross-dock managers are confronted with many decision problems. One of these problems is the truck scheduling problem. This paper presents a truck scheduling problem that is concerned with both inbound and outbound trucks at multiple dock doors. The objective is to minimize the total travel time and the total tardiness. The truck scheduling problem under study is described in detail and a mathematical model of the problem is provided which can be solved to optimality with a mixed integer programming solver, at the expense of a high computation time. Next, a tabu search approach is presented. Experimental results on new benchmark instances indicate that the proposed tabu search is able to find good quality results in a short time period, thus offering potential for integration in cross-docking decision support systems.     

A hybrid algorithm for the cyclic hoist scheduling problem with two transportation resources

In automated electroplating lines, computer-controlled hoists are used to transfer parts from a processing resource to another one. Products are mounted into carriers and immersed sequentially in a series of tanks following a given sequence.     

求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进蝙蝠算法

带时间窗和容量约束的车辆路径问题是车辆路径问题重要的扩展之一,属于NP难题,精确算法的求解效率较低,且对于较大规模问题难以在有限时间内给出最优解.为了满足企业和客户快速有效的配送需求,使用智能优化算法可以在有限的时间内给出相对较优解.研究了求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进离散蝙蝠算法,为增加扰动机制,提高搜索速...     

A genetic algorithm for JIT single machine scheduling with preemption and machine idle time

This paper concerns with the concept of preemption in just-in-time single machine scheduling problem, with allowable machine idle time. We proposed a new model, with non-linear terms and integer variables which cannot be solved efficiently for large size problems due to its NP-hardness. To solve the model for real size applications, genetic algorithm is applied. These genetic procedures are also quite close to the optimum and provided an optimal solution for most of the test problems. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective.     

带时间窗车辆路径问题的文化基因算法

针对物流配送中带时间窗的车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows,VRPTW）,建立了数学模型,并设计了求解VRPTW的文化基因算法。种群搜索采用遗传算法的进化模式,局部搜索采用禁忌搜索机制,并结合可行邻域结构避免对不可行解的搜索,以提高搜索效率。与单纯的遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法进行对比实验,表明该算法是求解VRPTW的一种有效方法。     

基于Memetic算法的带时间窗车辆路径问题研究*

提出一种模拟文化进化的Memetic算法求解带时间窗的车辆路径问题。设计了一种实数编码方案,将离散的问题转为连续优化问题。采用邻域搜索帮助具备一定学习能力的个体提高寻优速度;采用禁忌搜索帮助部分个体跳出局部最优点,增强全局寻优性能。实验结果表明,该算法可以更有效地求出优化解,是带时间窗车辆路径问题的一种有效求解算法。