基于DCT-BP神经网络的人脸表情识别

提出一种基于DCT-BP神经网络的人脸表情识别算法,先对图像进行灰度均衡与图像平滑的预处理,然后利用离散余弦变换提取图像的表情特征参数,变换后的数据量大大减小,而且不会丢失图像所携带的关键信息,最后利用前向反馈神经网络算法进行识别.     

基于DWT-DCT-SVM的人脸表情识别

提出了一种基于二维离散小波一离散余弦变换-支持向量机（DWT-DCT-SVM）面部表情识别算法。该算法先利用DWT在不明显损失图像信息的基础上对表情图像进行变换，变换后的图像数据量大大减少。再利用DCT提取代表原图像绝大部分能量的数据作为表情特征矢量，最后利用SVM来识别。实验表明：本算法提取的500个数据长度的表情矢量在一定条件下能较准确地识别出通用的6种表情，但是泛化性能较差。     

基于Curvelet的边缘纹理特征提取及表情识别

针对小波变换在提取图像边缘特征上的局限性,提出一种使用Curvelet变换进行边缘纹理特征提取的表情识别方法。Curvelet变换在表达图像的边缘曲线上的奇异性时比小波变换更能得到稀疏的图像表示。在表情识别中,对表情图像使用Curvelet变换得到Curvelet系数作为边缘纹理特征能更好地反映表情的变化,使用K最邻近结点算法进行了识别。结果表明在表情识别中该方法比小波变换更有效。     

基于神经网络和层次SVM的多姿态人脸识别

提出了一种基于神经网络和层次支持向量机的多姿态人脸识别方法。该方法在训练阶段先利用神经网络把姿态人脸图像特征向准标准人脸图像特征映射，再根据聚类结果来训练支持向量机。识别阶段是利用神经网络变换得到待识别图像所对应的准标准图像的特征，再让层次支持向量机初步判断待识别图像最可能所属的人，最后利用否定算法对待识别的人脸图像进行确认。实验表明该算法效果较佳。     

融合Gabor、LBP与LPQ特征的面部表情识别

针对传统的Gabor无法兼顾识别率与实时性的缺点,提出了一种融合Gabor、LBP、LPQ三种特征的表情识别算法.首先采用Gabor变换提取人脸图像的边缘信息,根据获得的变换表征结果,提取其LBP特征及LPQ特征;通过PCA算法对提取的特征进行降维,并对降维后的LBP特征及LPQ特征进行直方图操作;最后,设计基于ELM神经网络面部表情分类器.应用JAFFE人脸表情数据库的测试结果表明,该方法比传统方法具有更高的识别准确度和更快的识别速度.     

基于CMAC神经网络的人脸表情识别

针对BP等全局性神经网络收敛速度慢和局部极小的存在,用于人脸表情分类时,不仅实时性难以达到要求,而且识别精度也存在不确定性。为提高速度,加快收敛,提出一种基于局部性CMAC（Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller）神经网络的人脸表情识别方法。先对样本图像进行预处理,提取感兴趣的脸部区域,通过K-L（Karhunen-Loeve）变换对处理后的图像提取眼、嘴和鼻等重要特征点的位置和局部几何形状作为识别特征得到感兴趣的表情区域。最后将待测表情与标准表情的欧氏距离作为CMAC神经网络的输入,表情类型作为网络输出,对人脸7种典型表情进行识别。实验结果表明,基于CMAC的方法能有效地识别人脸表情,而且算法简单,学习速度快,可用于需要实时分析人脸表情的场合。     

融合全局和局部特征并基于神经网络的表情识别

在表情中含有最多特征信息的是面部眉毛、眼睛和嘴巴这三个区域,为充分利用这些特征,减少图像中无用信息在识别过程中对计算机内存的占用,提高人脸表情识别系统的准确率和速度,首先采用haar 和 adaboost人脸检测算法,对图像中的人脸进行识别,获得人脸图像并提取眉毛、眼睛和嘴巴,生成局部(眉毛、眼睛、嘴巴)二值化图,利用PCA方法对人脸图像降维,降维后的全局和局部灰度特征值组成一个列向量。样本由表情数据库产生,经过神经网络样本训练后,进行表情识别。结果表明,该系统对人脸表情识别速度明显快于Gabor 小波算法;识别的准确率高于单独使用PCA算法和神经网络算法;消耗内存比用Gabor 小波算法少,运行较流畅。得出结论：因为提取出包含表情特征信息集中区的眉毛、眼睛和嘴巴,尽可能地多保留了这些局部特征信息,因而提高了表情识别准确率,同时,采用PCA方法对原始图像进行降维处理,有效的减少了信息冗余。     

基于聚类算法和层次SVM的姿态人脸识别方法

提出了一种基于神经网络和层次支持向量机的多姿态人脸识别方法.该方法在训练阶段先利用神经网络把姿态人脸图像特征向准标准人脸图像特征映射,再根据聚类结果来训练支持向量机.识别阶段是先利用神经网络变换得到待识别图像所对应的准标准图像的特征,再让层次支持向量机初步判断待识别图像最可能所属的人,最后利用否定算法对待识别的人脸图像进行确认,实验表明该算法效果较佳.     

一种骨髓细胞识别方法的研究

针对骨髓细胞图像的特点,采用连续小波变换对图像进行了处理,在消除原始图像噪声的同时,从不同的角度检测出图像的主要边缘.采用两级神经网络,利用基于神经网络的GHA算法获得图象的三个主分量,然后采用模拟退火算法和BP算法进行细胞的分类识别,获得了较好的识别效果.     

基于Gabor小波变换的人脸表情识别

对基于Gabor小波变换的人脸表情识别方法进行了研究.对图像进行预处理以提高后续处理的准确度,通过分析二维Gabor小波变换的优点和人脸表情特征的变化情况,利用二维Gabor小波变换提取脸部表情特征,使用弹性模板匹配算法来识别图像中的人脸表情.实验结果表明,这种方法与传统的识别方法相比,系统具有很好的鲁棒性,达到较高的识别率.     

Automated emotion recognition employing a novel modified binary quantum‐behaved gravitational search algorithm with differential mutation

The present paper proposes a supervised learning based automated human facial emotion recognition strategy with a feature selection scheme employing a novel variation of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The initial feature set is generated from the facial images by using the 2‐D discrete cosine transform (DCT) and then the proposed modified binary quantum GSA with differential mutation (MBQGSA‐DM) is utilized to select a sub‐set of features with high discriminative power. This is achieved by minimising the cost function formulated as the ratio of the within class and interclass distances. The overall system performs its final classification task based on selected feature inputs, utilising a back propagation based artificial neural network (ANN). Extensive experimental evaluations are carried out utilising a standard, benchmark emotion database, that is, Japanese Female Facial Expresssion (JAFFE) database and the results clearly indicate that the proposed method outperforms several existing techniques, already known in literature for solving similar problems. Further validation has also been carried out on a facial expression database developed at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India and the results obtained further strengthen the notion of superiority of the proposed method.     

基于DCT的BP网络及在福利彩票数字识别中的应用

提出了基于DCT(离散)的BP网进行字符识别的步骤和方法，该方法在很大程度上克服了BP网进行字符识别的缺陷，并且已经在上海福利彩票数字识别中获得成功应用。     

An SVM-AdaBoost facial expression recognition system

This study is focused on improving the recognition rate and processing time of facial recognition systems. First, the skin is detected by pixel based methods to reduce the searching space for maximum rejection classifier (MRC) which detects the face. The detected face is normalized by a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and down-sampled by Bessel transform. Gabor feature extraction techniques were utilized to extract thousands of facial features that represent facial deformation patterns. An AdaBoost-based hypothesis is formulated to select a few hundreds of Gabor features which are potential candidates for expression recognition. The selected features were fed into a saturated vector machine (SVM) classifier to train it. An average recognition rate of 97.57 % and 92.33 % are registered in JAFFE and Yale databases respectively. The execution time of the proposed method is also significantly lower than others. Generally, the proposed method exhibits superior performance than other methods.     

Facial expression recognition using constructive feedforward neural networks

A new technique for facial expression recognition is proposed, which uses the two-dimensional (2D) discrete cosine transform (DCT) over the entire face image as a feature detector and a constructive one-hidden-layer feedforward neural network as a facial expression classifier. An input-side pruning technique, proposed previously by the authors, is also incorporated into the constructive learning process to reduce the network size without sacrificing the performance of the resulting network. The proposed technique is applied to a database consisting of images of 60 men, each having five facial expression images (neutral, smile, anger, sadness, and surprise). Images of 40 men are used for network training, and the remaining images of 20 men are used for generalization and testing. Confusion matrices calculated in both network training and generalization for four facial expressions (smile, anger, sadness, and surprise) are used to evaluate the performance of the trained network. It is demonstrated that the best recognition rates are 100% and 93.75% (without rejection), for the training and generalizing images, respectively. Furthermore, the input-side weights of the constructed network are reduced by approximately 30% using our pruning method. In comparison with the fixed structure back propagation-based recognition methods in the literature, the proposed technique constructs one-hidden-layer feedforward neural network with fewer number of hidden units and weights, while simultaneously provide improved generalization and recognition performance capabilities.     

基于局部小波变换与DCT的人脸识别算法

提出了一种基于局部小波变换和离散余弦变换(DiscreteCosineTransform,DCT)相结合的人脸识别方法,该算法首先利用小波变换对人脸图像做适当层次的小波分解,然后通过离散余弦变换对低频分量作进一步的特征提取和压缩,得到人脸识别特征,最后利用欧氏距离和最近邻分类器进行识别。基于ORL人脸数据库的实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

Face Recognition Using the Discrete Cosine Transform

An accurate and robust face recognition system was developed and tested. This system exploits the feature extraction capabilities of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and invokes certain normalization techniques that increase its robustness to variations in facial geometry and illumination. The method was tested on a variety of available face databases, including one collected at McGill University. The system was shown to perform very well when compared to other approaches.     

High-speed face recognition based on discrete cosine transform and RBF neural networks

In this paper, an efficient method for high-speed face recognition based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks is presented. First, the dimensionality of the original face image is reduced by using the DCT and the large area illumination variations are alleviated by discarding the first few low-frequency DCT coefficients. Next, the truncated DCT coefficient vectors are clustered using the proposed clustering algorithm. This process makes the subsequent FLD more efficient. After implementing the FLD, the most discriminating and invariant facial features are maintained and the training samples are clustered well. As a consequence, further parameter estimation for the RBF neural networks is fulfilled easily which facilitates fast training in the RBF neural networks. Simulation results show that the proposed system achieves excellent performance with high training and recognition speed, high recognition rate as well as very good illumination robustness.     

基于简化血流图小波包域DCT系数决策融合的红外人脸识别

本文提出了一种基于简化血流图小波包域DCT系数融合的红外人脸识别方法。首先,基于人体的皮肤温度分布和温度调节机理,结合红外成像原理及生物传热学知识对人脸的血流模型进行简化,把红外人脸温谱图转换成简化血流图,然后将人脸简化血流图进行三级小波包分解,得到小波包分解树,选取其中识别率最高的若干个节点分别进行DCT变换,得到每个节点的特征矩阵,再通过欧氏距离和三阶近邻分类器得到各选中节点的识别结果,最后将这些结果进行决策融合,得到最终的识别结果。实验结果表明,对血流模型的简化可以在几乎不降低识别的同时,减小时间的复杂度,而在小波包域进行DCT系数融合的方法能提取更加有效的人脸特征,从而提高了红外人脸识别的性能。     

基于DCT和神经网络的人脸识别

人脸识别是模式识别领域的一个具有挑战性的课题，并且有着潜在的应用前景。该文提出了基于DCT和神经网络的人脸识别方法，针对人脸图像分别提取整体和局部的DCT系数共同送入多层感知机分类器分类，实验表明所提出的方法具有识别速度快、识别率较高的综合优势。