基于局部扭曲立方体的多播路由算法

局部扭曲立方体是一种新提出来用于并行计算的互联网络。经研究发现,局部扭曲立方体中已有最小路由算法存在着死锁。因此,在原有算法的基础上,提出了一种新的无死锁路由算法并给出了无死锁证明。利用将物理通道分成两条虚拟通道进而形成两个不相交的虚拟网络,将不同的点对之间的路由限定在某一个虚拟网络中,从而有效地避免了死锁的产生。同时,利用一个局部扭曲立方体可由两个低维子立文体和2-扭曲立方体构成这一性质,在局部的低维子立方体和2-扭曲立方体中均采用自适应路由,从而提高了算法的自适应性。在此基础上提出了一种多播路由算法。     

基于不规则Mesh的NoC无死锁路由

网络拓扑的选择是NoC设计中的一个重要问题,目前典型的特定应用NoC系统通常集成多个不同功能、不同尺寸、不同通讯需求的组件,而规则的网络拓扑结构并不适于在这种类型的NoC中应用,因此不规则Mesh网络被提出并被应用于不规则结构的NoC系统.为解决规则 Mesh路由算法在不规则Mesh中无法保证路由连通性的问题,本文提出一种不规则Mesh无死锁路由算法,无论NoC系统集成组件的版图如何变化,这一算法始终是连通的,即算法与不规则Mesh的规模和结构是无关的,同时算法仅使用较低的虚拟通道.     

对角网格中的无死锁自适应路由算法

网格是多计算机中应用广泛的互连结构,提出了一种新的互连结构－对角网格。并在这种结构上提出了一类自适应无死锁的路由算法－负优先算法,证明了此算法的无死锁性。对角网格是可平面图,其结构简单,可扩充性非常好。负优先自适应路由算法的突出优点是对硬件逻辑要求简单,无须增加虚拟通道即可达 死锁和自适应。     

一种不规则2DMesh的NoC路由算法

NoC的网络拓扑结构是其研究的重要方面,在一些实际应用中,NoC系统通常集成多个不同功能、不同尺寸、不同通讯需求的组件,而规则的拓扑结构并不适应于在这种类型的NoC中应用,因此不规则Mesh网络被应用于不规则的NoC系统,为解决规则Mesh路由算法在不规则Mesh中无法保证路由连通性问题。提出一种不规则Mesh无死锁路由算法,同时此算法与其他算法相比,具有更少的虚通道和更优秀的路由路径选择。     

Mesh网络耐故障虫孔路由

耐故障是互连网络设计中的一个重要问题。本文提出了一种新的耐故障路由算法，并将其应用于使用虫孔交换技术的Mesh网络。由于使用了较低的路由限制，这一算法具有很强的自适应性，可以在各种不同故障域的Mesh网络中保持路由的连通性和无死锁性；由于使用了最小限度的虚拟通道，这一算法所需的缓冲器资源很少，非常适宜构建低成本的耐故障互连网络；由于根据本地故障信息进行绕行故障节点的决策，这一算法的路由决策速度较快并且易于在互连网络中实现。最后网络仿真试验显示，这一算法具有良好的平滑降级使用的性能。     

2D Mesh片上网络分区容错路由算法

为了减小路由表的规模且避免使用较多虚通道(VC),从而降低硬件资源用量,针对虫孔交换的2D Mesh片上网络提出了一种分区容错路由(RFTR)算法。该算法根据故障节点和链路的位置将2D Mesh网络划分为若干个相连的矩形区域,数据包在矩形区域内可使用确定性或自适应路由算法进行路由,而在区域间则按照up^*/down^*算法确定路由路径。此外,利用通道依赖图(CDG)模型,证明了该算法仅需两个虚通道就能避免死锁。在6×6 Mesh网络中,RFTR算法能减少25%的路由表资源用量。仿真结果表明,在队列缓存资源相同的情况下,RFTR算法能实现与up^*/down^*算法和segment算法相当甚至更优的性能。     

交叉立方体网络的无死锁虫洞路由算法

Efe提出的交叉立方体(crossed cube)是超立方体(hypercube)的一种变型.交叉立方体的某些性质优于超立方体,比如其直径几乎是超立方体的一半.首先证明n(n≥3)维交叉立方体网络不存在无死锁的最短路径路由算法,然后利用虚通道技术将一条物理通道分成三条逻辑通道,并在此基础上提出一种基于虫洞路由的最短路径路由算法,其时间复杂度为O(n).理论证明了算法是无死锁的.     

不规则网络的数学模型实现

基于Duato的新方法论把无死锁路由算法与全适应路由算法联合起来,把每一个物理通道与V个虚拟通道相对应,避免网络中消息传递时发生等待死锁,从而使消息等待时间最小。计算每个消息的平均等待时间,再汇总计算所有消息的平均等待时间,从而使建立的数学模型在估算网络性能时有很高的准确性。该模型提供了计算下一跳的地址的方法,实现了对网络性能的计算。     

基于PRDT的16节点NoC路由算法

网络结构对于片上网络系统的性能和功耗发挥着重要作用，PRDT(2,1)有着较低的网络直径和平均距离、常数的节点度以及良好的可扩展性，这些特点使其非常适于NoC。为了提高小规模PRDT的路由性能，该文提出了一种binary路由算法，当网络规模不大于16时，该算法无须使用虚拟通道即可实现无死锁路由，通过增加少量虚拟通道，可改进为完全自适应路由算法。对所提出的路由算法与原有的向量路由算法进行仿真比较，结果显示binary算法在硬件成本较低的同时，性能更为优异，完全可以应用于基于PRDT的小规模NoC网络。     

基于2D Mesh的NoC路由算法设计与仿真

在研究Turn Model模型的基础上,提出一种基于2D Mesh结构的XY-YX路由算法,是一种确定性的无死锁的最短路径路由算法。给出无死锁的证明,通过片上网络（NoC）模拟仿真实验平台NIRGAM,将该算法在一个4×4的2D Mesh网络中进行仿真,并与XY路由算     

虚网叠加构造自适应路由算法的有效框架

大规模并行处理机系统中路由算法对互联网络通信性能和系统性起着重要作用。     

Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm in Meshes with Solid Faults

A fault-tolerant routing method that can tolerate solid faults using only two virtual channels is presented. The proposed routing algorithm, called FT-Ecube, not only uses a fewer number of virtual channels but also tolerates f-chains in the meshes. Furthermore, the proposed scheme misroutes messages both clockwise and counter clockwise directions to reduce channel contention on f-rings. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is deadlock-free and livelock-free in meshes when it has nonoverlapping multiple f-regions. Further, we conducted flit-level simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed routing algorithm. As our simulation results show, FT-Ecube tolerates multiple faulty blocks using only two virtual channels per physical channel, and has good performance in terms of average latency. This work is supported by the NSF grant MIP-9705738     

LCFAA:一个低代价的完全自适应路由算法

大规模并行处理机系统（ＭＰＰ）中路由算法对互联网络通信性能和系统性能起着重要作用。自适应路由算法具有灵活性好、网络的通道利用率高和网络容错能力强等优点,但其实现难度较大,因而目前仅在少数ＭＰＰ系统中得以实现。文中在ｍｅｓｈ结构上提出了一个低代价无死锁的安全自适应最短虫孔路由算法ＬＣＦＡＡ,该算法所需虚通道数少,具有代价低、自适应性强的特点。文中证明了算法的无死锁、无活锁性和完全自适应性,并模拟验证     

Compressionless wormhole routing: an analysis for hypercube with virtual channels

Several recent studies have shown that adaptive routing algorithms based on deadlock recovery have superior performance characteristics than those based on deadlock avoidance. Most of these studies, however, have relied on software simulation due to the lack of analytical modelling tools. In an effort towards filling this gap, this paper presents a new analytical model of compressionless routing in wormhole-routed hypercubes. This routing algorithm exploits the tight coupling between wormhole routers for flow control to detect and recover from potential deadlock situations. The advantages of compressionless routing include deadlock-free adaptive routing with no extra virtual channels, simple router design, and order-preserving message transmission. The proposed analytical model computes message latency by determining the message transmission time, blocking delay at each router, multiplexing delay at each network channel, and waiting time in the source before entering the network. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing analytical results with those obtained through simulation experiments.     

Adaptive Multimodule Routers for Multiprocessor Architectures

Recent multiprocessors such as Cray T3D support interprocessor communication using partitioned dimension-order routers (PDRs). In a PDR implementation, the routing logic and switching hardware is partitioned into multiple modules, with each module suitable for implementation as a chip. This paper proposes a method to incorporate adaptivity into such routers with simple changes to the router structure and logic. We show that with as few as two virtual channels per physical channel, adaptivity can be provided to handle nonuniform traffic in multidimensional meshes.     

Fault-Tolerant Wormhole Routing with 2 Virtual Channels in Meshes

In wormhole meshes, a reliable routing is supposed to be deadlock-free and fault-tolerant. Many routing algorithms are able to tolerate a large number of faults enclosed by rectangular blocks or special convex, none of them, however, is capable of handling two convex fault regions with distance two by using only two virtual networks. In this paper, a fault-tolerant wormhole routing algorithm is presented to tolerate the disjointed convex faulty regions with distance two or no less, which do not contain any nonfaulty nodes and do not prohibit any routing as long as nodes outside faulty regions are connected in the mesh network. The processors＇ overlapping along the boundaries of different fault regions is allowed. The proposed algorithm, which routes the messages by X-Y routing algorithm in fault-free region, can tolerate convex fault-connected regions with only two virtual channels per physical channel, and is deadlock- and livelock-free. The proposed algorithm can be easily extended to adaptive routing.     

交换超立方网的自适应性无死锁路由算法

交换超立方网是一种新提出来的互连网络。首先,利用图论的方法研究了交换超立方网的拓扑性质,引入了相似子网的概念,得出相似子网和超立方体同构的结论;然后,利用将物理通道分成两条虚拟通道的方法,给出了一种交换超立方网的自适应性路由算法,并从理论上证明了该算法的无死锁性。     

ORA——一种负载平衡的虚通道分配算法

MPP互联网中通常使用虚通病来防止死锁和提高网络吞吐率。但通常的虚通道分配算法会导致通道的负载不平衡,从而降低网络的性能。针对采用虫孔路由技术和维序路由算法下的Torus互联网,提出了ORA虚通道负载平衡分配算法。与Naive分配算法和Scott分配算法的比较表明,ORA能够较好地实现负载平衡,能够较好地提高网络的性能。     

A fault-tolerant routing scheme for meshes with nonconvex faults

In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant routing scheme for meshes with solid faults. A Rag bit is introduced for guiding misrouted messages. By fully utilizing virtual channels of each class, our algorithm uses only three virtual channels to ensure the property of deadlock freeness. Our scheme is able to handle solid faults whose associated fault rings overlap. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be used to route messages when fault regions touch the boundaries of the mesh