上拔荷载作用下等截面桩承载性状数值模拟

利用轴对称模型对等截面桩进行承受上拔荷载作用的有限元模拟.通过数值模拟研究桩的承载性状,包括桩的上拔位移、荷载传递特性和桩侧摩阻力的发展,并分析桩底部土体的局部应变以及土体位移场的分布.研究发现,在达到极限上拔荷载时,桩端周围土体出现剪应变方向相反的两个区域并形成剪切带,桩周土体的位移场逐渐呈倒锥形分布.     

离散元-有限差分跨尺度耦合下桩与土体稳定性细观数值分析

为准确分析桩体宏观变形与周围土颗粒细观力学行为,采用离散元-有限差分的跨尺度耦合进行桩和土体接触过程中的稳定性分析,研究桩下沉过程中周围土体的细观变形、应力分布和桩体自身变化情况,通过FLAC3D建立桩和外部土体有限差分网格单元,对桩周围侧土体应用PFC3D离散元建立土颗粒微观结构模型.研究结果表明:离散元与有限差分耦合方案能够模拟桩周围土体细观力学行为;外部区域土体位移场呈包裹式C形对称分布,应力场以竖直应力为主导,离散元土颗粒接触力链网格以树根状向周围递减削弱分布;桩弹性单元体下沉时,应力场和位移场均有分层现象,应力场以压应力为主,但存在局部拉应力即反弹现象.     

水平单调载荷作用下的桩基桥墩滞回特性

为研究桩基桥墩-地基系统的非线性性能,根据模型与原型的物理相似关系制作1∶5比例的桩基桥墩模型. 采用力-位移混合控制加载的拟静力试验方法,通过在墩顶施加水平单调增加载荷,得到墩顶水平载荷下桩基桥墩的载荷-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线和滞回特性. 用非线性弹簧单元模拟土体、用梁单元模拟桩和桥墩,建立模型桥墩的计算模型. 计算模型的骨架曲线与试验模型的骨架曲线吻合较好,表明采用非线性弹簧单元和梁单元分别模拟土体和桩是可行的,可以为考虑土-结构相互作用时的桥梁抗震分析提供参考依据.     

土体微位移精准监测研究

基于光纤光栅传感器制备了一种测量土体内部微变形的位移传感器,该传感器主要包括光纤光栅、PVC(Polyvinyl chloride)管和光纤锚固板.标定试验发现,微位移传感器的最小分辨率为0.0083 mm,灵敏度为0.12 nm/mm,可测量的最大位移为7.58 mm.通过边坡模型试验与有限元模拟计算对比研究发现,有限元计算与光纤光栅传感器的结果吻合较好,3个微位移传感器与有限元计算结果分析所得平均误差仅为0.033 mm,平均误差约为6.7％.本研究制备的微位移传感器具有灵敏度高、制备工艺方便、制备流程快捷、使用方法简单的特点,为土体内部微位移的监测提供了一种新型的测量方式.     

沿海围垦区建筑荷载下邻近超长桩三维模型

沿海地区软弱土层深厚，工程事故率高，因此对该地区桩土相互作用研究意义重大。采用有限元软件ABAQUS按实际工程的参数和设计工况要求对建筑荷载作用对邻近超长桩受力影响进行了三维弹塑性数值分析。得出了建筑荷载作用下桩身侧向位移、桩项间距、桩顶沉降和桩侧摩阻力的规律，为该工程提供了参考。结果表明，在三维空间内桩身侧向位移可分解为X向和Y向两个分量（设桩长方向为Z分量），据此可以确定建筑荷载作用下桩身侧向位移大小和方向的改变并得到桩项问距的变化情况，对研究桩基上部结构受力性状有一定帮助。由于是超长桩，桩身与土体接触面积大，在实际工程中应考虑负摩阻力的影响。结合计算工况，建筑荷载引起的桩侧负摩阻力将达到单桩设计承载力的20％甚至更多。     

桥梁主塔施工用钢管桩支架结构有限元分析

针对某钢结构桥梁主塔施工中的钢管桩支架结构,分别计算钢管桩支架结构在主塔某组合段钢梁载荷、风载荷及其共同作用下的von Mises应力.根据计算结果分析风载荷对结构的影响,得出风载荷影响最大von Mises应力出现的位置;计算组合段钢梁和风载荷共同作用下钢管桩支架结构的屈曲临界载荷.通过对其强度和稳定性进行分析,提出钢管桩支架结构的优化方案,指导桥梁主塔的安全施工.     

往复载荷作用下超大型载荷板现场试验研究

往复荷载作用下土体既产生弹性变形,同时又产生永久变形,这种累计的永久变形无疑是研究的重点,而关于往复荷载作用下土体变形特性的研究较少,鉴于此,笔者开展了往复载荷作用下超大型基础板沉降现场试验研究,通过对不同位置、不同深度土体中孔隙水压力、分层沉降和侧向位移的连续监测,研究土体中孔隙水压力、分层沉降和侧向位移对往复荷载的响应特征,得出了土体中孔隙水压力的增长和消散,以及分层沉降和侧向位移随载荷变化的规律,为工程设计的应用提供了依据。     

Field在烟囱结构分析中的应用

化工行业的烟囱一般高达数十米,在设计时必须考虑风压载荷.结构表面的风压载荷在空间上连续变化分布,这一特点使得模拟载荷分布较困难,Patran中的Field模块具备强大的描述变量在时空上分布的功能,使得困难迎刃而解.以某沿海企业烟囱为研究对象,采用Field对不同工况下的烟囱及附属钢结构加载风压载荷并进行受力分析,同时对极限风载工况下的受力情况校核.实例表明Field模块在处理复杂载荷加载方面简单易用且可靠.     

Flex土体大位移监测传感器研究

基于Flex技术制备了一种大位移传感器,可用于土体内部大位移的实时监测,研究中的Flex大位移传感器,具有体积小、耐腐蚀、成本低、线性度好、量程大等优点.Flex大位移传感器主要由Flex传感器和铰链弯曲结构组成.通过标定试验可知,在0～60°的测量范围内Flex大位移传感器信号与弯曲角度呈现良好的线性关系,其分辨率可达到0.5°～0.7°.在室内模型箱试验中,对Flex位移传感器与灵敏度较高的FBG(fiber Bragg grating)位移传感器测量结果进行比较,得到的数据结果吻合良好,验证了Flex大位移传感器的可靠性.     

高速列车车内低频气动噪声预测

为研究气动载荷下高速列车的车内低频噪声,建立高速列车空气动力学模型,采用大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)法计算中间车的表面脉动压力.将脉动压力加载到高速列车的有限元模型上,通过瞬态分析得到车体的振动位移响应;将位移响应作为边界条件,采用边界元法(Boundary Element Method,BEM)分析车内噪声.结果表明：车窗振动位移最大,车顶和车底次之;中间车车厢的两端声压比中部大;在低频范围内,车厢内声压呈强弱交替分布,声场强弱界限较明显,且随着频率的增大,沿车体纵向和横向干涉条纹增多;车内低频气动噪声随速度二次方的增大而增加.     

Torsional actuator based on mechanically amplified shear piezoelectric response

A torsional actuator, based on the concept of mechanical amplification of piezoelectric shear strain and capable of generating large angular displacement, was proposed and studied experimentally. The actuator is a tube consisting of an even number of the segments poled along the length, which are adhesively bonded together, and the joints act as electrodes to apply the driving voltage. The experimental data measured on the prototype actuators (i) prove the proposed concept of mechanical amplification of small piezoelectric shear strain to generate large torsional motion, (ii) show that the actuator functions well both without load and under the torque load and (iii) demonstrate that the actuator can operate continuously for a long period of time without drop in its performance. Also, the results demonstrated that the proposed torsional actuator is capable of producing both large torque and large angular displacement in a compact package, sufficient to meet many smart structures requirements, and can be tailored for a variety of application requirements. Finally, one of the obvious advantages of the present design of the actuator is its simplicity: the piezoelectric shear strain is transformed directly into the angular displacement, whereas in the previously reported actuators, the conversion mechanism into the torsional motion was rather complicated which thus required a sophisticated design of the whole system.     

Postbuckling analysis of functionally graded plates subject to compressive and thermal loads

Postbuckling analysis of functionally graded ceramic–metal plates under edge compression and temperature field conditions is presented using the element-free kp-Ritz method. The first-order shear deformation plate theory is employed to account for the transverse shear strains, and the von Kármán-type nonlinear strain–displacement relationship is adopted. The effective material properties of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary through their thickness direction according to the power-law distribution of the volume fractions of the constituents. The displacement fields are approximated in terms of a set of mesh-free kernel particle functions. Bending stiffness is estimated using a stabilised conforming nodal integration approach, and, to eliminate the membrane and shear locking effects for thin plates, the shear and membrane terms are evaluated using a direct nodal integration technique. The solutions are obtained using the arc–length iterative algorithm in combination with the modified Newton–Raphson method. The effects of the volume fraction exponent, boundary conditions and temperature distribution on postbuckling behaviour are examined.     

Plane strain sliding contact of multilayer magnetic storage thin-films using the finite element method

The sliding contact or scratch behavior of multi-layer thin-films such as those found in magnetic storage disks has been studied using the finite element method. A rigid cylinder sliding over a multilayered thin-film half-space was implemented to simulate the contact between a feature of the recording slider (such as the protrusion on the trailing edge of the slider, which is part of the thermal flying-height control, TFC) and the magnetic storage multilayer disk. The effects of different parameters such as normal load, friction coefficient and TFC radius on the von Mises, shear and principal stresses in the multilayer system were analyzed. Results showed that under sliding conditions, for a given normal load, the friction coefficient influences the location and magnitude of the plastic strain in the multilayer system. Repeated sliding contact was also performed to characterize its effect on the stress and strain behavior under various loading conditions and investigate shakedown behavior.     

Pattern optimization of eccentrically loaded multi-fastener joints

For structural joints subject to dynamic loading, the fatigue strength is controlled by local stresses. For steel plate structures joined with fasteners, fatigue is governed by local friction and slip near the fasteners. As a working hypothesis for this study, a “weakest link” approach has been adopted. An optimum fastener pattern is attained by reducing the shear load in the most severely loaded fastener in the group. In this study, a typical eccentric multi-fastener bracket-to-beam joint was studied using constrained geometric optimization. Alternate assumptions concerning the distribution of the direct shear force between fasteners in a group were assessed. An analytical expression for non-uniform direct shear force resulted in an optimized fastener pattern with approximately 20% lower von Mises equivalent strain. The comparative finite element method based topology optimization analysis resulted in a contour, which was in close agreement with the fastener pattern attained analytically by exploiting geometry optimization.     

Degenerated plate-shell elements with refined transverse shear strains

Although traditional three-dimensional plate-shell elements relax the constraint so that normal cross-sections remain normal to the neutral plane during transverse shear deformation, the section is still constrained to remain plane. The work reported here relaxes this constraint by introducing shape functions across the thickness to approximate the transverse shear strain field in the thickness direction. These shape functions are treated in the manner of generalized angles undergoing small deformations. They are added as new degrees of freedom to the ordinary displacement field of the degenerated shell elements. The field is still able to simulate large deformation behavior of the element. Each shape function yields two independent variables, one in each direction. In this work, two types of shape functions are proposed allowing a parabolic transverse shear strain, as well as an unsymmetric transverse shear strain distribution in the thickness direction. These two modes of deformation are particularly important in the case of diffused material failure in shell structures. Displacement field representation and finite element formulation based on a total Lagrangian approach are given. Examples are presented demonstrating the applicability of this element in a variety of problems.     

填埋场典型复合衬垫系统单剪试验数值模拟

为研究填埋场典型复合衬垫系统接触面间的滑动特性,建立典型复合衬垫系统单剪试验的有限元模型,用ANSYS对其进行数值仿真分析.研究复合衬垫不同界面在不同法向力下的滑动特征;绘制衬垫系统不同界面节点的应力 位移关系曲线,得到不同法向力作用下各个界面不同位置点沿剪切位移方向和垂直剪切位移方向的切应力变化规律;分析接触面内节点的剪切位移随载荷步的变化特征.结果表明：随法向力的增加,滑动界面将发生转移;在低法向力（56 kPa）条件下,土工网 土工膜界面发生滑动;在高法向压力条件下（压力超过560 kPa）,土工膜 黏土界面发生滑动.     

Analysis of plates using isoparametric quadratic element—Shear,reaction, patch loading and some convergence studies

The derivation of reactions at the supported edge of a plate using isoparametric quadratic element has been presented. Straight and curved plates have been analysed to study the influence of shear rigidity, boundary conditions and support geometry on the value of shears and reactions at the edges. It has been found that convergence is slower for shear than for moments. The explicit value of the element loading matrix due to a patch load has been indicated, and plates having different aspect ratios due to a central patch load have been studied.     

Monomial test: Testing the flexural behavior of the degenerated shell element

Shear locking of the degenerated shell element is a result of the development of spurious shear strain by the element, when subjected to high order Kirchhoff displacement fields. The shear locking phenomenon is analyzed in this paper using an analytical test. The effects of the integration scheme, order of the element, order of the modeled Kirchhoff field and the element distortion are analyzed explicitly and quantitatively for the four-node, eight-node and nine-node degenerated shell elements.