北斗高精度智能交通系统的设计及测试

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的全球卫星导航系统,也是继GPS、GLONASS之后的第三个成熟的卫星导航系统。中国软件评测中心通过实施基于北斗高精度导航定位的智能交通应用示范项目,开发出了由中心服务子系统、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)基准站子系统、车载终端子系统和人员终端子系统构成的北斗高精度导航定位系统,以及与校车应用场景相配套的路径规划算法和联合定位算法,演示系统在泰国进行了部署与测试,对其电子围栏、实时轨迹、轨迹回放功能进行了验证,并对其车载终端单点定位精度、RTK定位精度、车载终端速度精度、人员终端单点定位精度、人员终端伪距差分精度等关键性能指标开展了测试,测试结果进一步验证了北斗高精度智能交通系统在国内外的应用可行性。     

北斗/DR组合导航融合算法及其在物流中的应用

介绍了我国自主研制的北斗卫星导航定位系统.针对该导航定位系统中存在的问题,以无惯性测量元件的DR作为其补充定位方式,设计了北斗/DR组合导航定位系统,并找出了一种组合导航定位的卡尔曼滤波算法,有效地提高了组合导航系统的定位精度.提出了将北斗/DR组合定位系统应用于现代物流管理信息系统的解决方案,分析了将北斗定位系统应用于现代物流管理的优势.     

基于北斗卫星的GPS轨迹数据异常双频定位方法

当前GPS轨迹定位方法均采用单频定位,在数据异常情况下不能保障定位精度,故此提出一种基于北斗卫星的GPS轨迹数据双频定位方法研究。先基于北斗卫星的定位原理建立用于空间几何距离测量和地面监测点精准定位的数学模型,并确定出伪距和载波相位的观测值的权重;利用北斗卫星确定出标的物的空间几何距离,及空间位置信息;由于定位系统本身及大气电离层的影响,得到空间定位信息内包含有误差项,基于北斗卫星系统可以修正GPS轨迹误差项和异常数据,实现对标的物位置信息的精准定位。测试数据表明提出定位方法的精度更高,综合定位偏差值为0.56%,同时定位误差的均值和方差控制表现更好。     

基于北斗伪距差分与WiFi的室内外融合定位方法

针对北斗(BD)和WiFi单一系统定位精度不高和定位盲区问题,提出一种基于北斗差分与WiFi的室内外融合定位方法。根据北斗和WiFi异构网络建立多属性代价函数,优选参与定位信标及卫星组合;采用反距离加权内插的多基准站伪距差分法,修正北斗伪距方程减小空间伪距误差;构建基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)传播模型的WiFi测距方程,并融合北斗差分伪距方程,通过泰勒迭代算法实现精确定位。实验结果表明:融合定位精度在95%的概率下优于2. 6 m,定位性能优于北斗和WiFi单独定位,有效解决了单一系统的定位缺陷和定位盲区问题,实现了室内外无缝融合精确定位,提高了定位精度和可靠性。     

北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统星座仿真分析研究

针对北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座中卫星位置不确定问题,改进并完善了正在筹建中的北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座布局,在此基础上仿真分析了我国区域性导航系统以及北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座的多星覆盖、位置精度衰减因子(position dilution of preci-sion,PDOP),给出了覆盖性能、导航定位精度等导航星座系统性能。仿真结果表明,北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统多星覆盖及PDOP性能相对优于GPS导航星座,尤其适用于我国及周边地区。通过对不同最低仰角下北斗II导航星座及GPS星座多星覆盖变化分析,确定了各星座多星覆盖与仰角的关系以及变化特征,为北斗II导航系统组建工作以及应用终端设计提供了依据。     

北斗卫星导航系统定位精度研究

北斗卫星导航系统,是我国为了保证国家与人民群众的安全,并且促进我国经济的发展,自主建设并独立运行的一张卫星导航系统,能够提供全天候、全天时、高精度的定位、导航服务,是我国重要空间基础设施。近年来,北斗卫星定位被广泛应用于森林防火、抗震救灾、水文监测、气象预报以及交通运输方面,已经深入了人民群众生产生活的各个方面,对社会经济发展有着重要的推动作用。本文基于北斗卫星导航系统定位原理,从时间及空间准确性方面对定位精度进行探讨。     

基于改进卡尔曼滤波的北斗GPS联合定位算法

在观测条件较差的情况下,单系统卫星可见性不佳,导航定位精度降低甚至无法定位,组合卫星导航系统增加了可见卫星数,可以改善定位结果。本文对BD2/GPS组合定位算法进行了研究,建立了联合差分定位系统在初始化阶段和解算阶段的数学模型,并将平方根平淡卡尔曼滤波算法应用于建立的联合差分定位系统,实验结果表明,该算法有效提高了卫星定位精度和稳定性。     

一种改进的组合卫星定位系统的研究

组合定位系统利用了多种卫星的资源,既保证了较高的定位精度,又可以解决在一些特定条件下,某一系统出现问题而导致定位失效的问题。文章对北斗无源定位系统以及GPS全球定位系统二者的组合进行了研究,设计并实现了一种改进的联邦卡尔曼滤波系统结构模型,通过对实际试验结果的分析表明,该系统有效抑制了滤波发散,具有定位精度高,可靠性、自主性强的优点。     

基于北斗伪卫星的近海及港口区域定位系统

本文首先分析了目前近海及港口区域定位的需求和目前定位手段的缺陷,提出一种基于北斗伪卫星的近海及港口区域定位系统,介绍了系统组成、工作原理以及各分系统的技术方案,归纳出需要解决的关键技术;最后总结了该系统的应用优势。     

伪卫星导航定位系统在物资管理中的应用

分析了伪卫星导航定位系统的优点与定位原理,给出了该系统在物资管理中的具体应用方法、系统构造方案和组网实现方法。同时,分析了伪卫星系统室内组网时,影响定位精度的远近效应和多径效应,并给出了减小这些效应影响的优化方案。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate