基于主动学习的文档分类

In the field of text categorization,the number of unlabeled documents is generally much gretaer than that of labeled documents. Text categorization is the problem of categorization in high-dimension vector space, and more training samples will generally improve the accuracy of text classifier. How to add the unlabeled documents of training set so as to expand training set is a valuable problem. The theory of active learning is introducted and applied to the field of text categorization in this paper ,exploring the method of using unlabeled documents to improve the accuracy oftext classifier. It is expected that such technology will improve text classifier's accuracy through adopting relativelylarge number of unlabelled documents samples. We brought forward an active learning based algorithm for text categorization,and the experiments on Reuters news corpus showed that when enough training samples available,it′s effective for the algorithm to promote text classifier's accuracy through adopting unlabelled document samples.     

关联词约束的半监督文本分类方法

提出了一种没有训练集情况下实现对未标注类别文本文档进行分类的问题。类关联词是与类主体相关、能反映类主体的单词或短语。利用类关联词提供的先验信息,形成文档分类的先验概率,然后组合利用朴素贝叶斯分类器和EM迭代算法,在半监督学习过程中加入分类约束条件,用类关联词来监督构造一个分类器,实现了对完全未标注类别文档的分类。实验结果证明,此方法能够以较高的准确率实现没有训练集情况下的文本分类问题,在类关联词约束下的分类准确率要高于没有约束情况下的分类准确率。     

一种基于EM和分类损失的半监督主动DBN学习算法

对于建立动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)分类模型时,带有类标注样本数据集获得困难的问题,提出一种基于EM和分类损失的半监督主动DBN学习算法.半监督学习中的EM算法可以有效利用未标注样本数据来学习DBN分类模型,但是由于迭代过程中易于加入错误的样本分类信息而影响模型的准确性.基于分类损失的主动学习借鉴到EM学习中,可以自主选择有用的未标注样本来请求用户标注,当把这些样本加入训练集后能够最大程度减少模型对未标注样本分类的不确定性.实验表明,该算法能够显著提高DBN学习器的效率和性能,并快速收敛于预定的分类精度.     

基于Tri-DE-ELM的半监督模式分类方法研究

针对极限学习机（ELM）未充分利用未标注样本、训练精度受网络权值初值影响的问题,提出一种基于协同训练与差分进化的改进ELM算法（Tri-DE-ELM）。考虑到传统的ELM模式分类技术只利用了少量标注样本而忽视大量未标注样本的问题,首先应用基于Tri-Training算法的协同训练机制构建Tri-ELM半监督分类算法,利用少量的标记样本训练三个基分类器实现对未标记样本的标注。进一步针对基分类器训练中ELM网络输入层权值随机初始化影响分类效果的问题,采用差分进化（DE）算法对网络初值进行优化,优化目标及过程同时包括网络权值和分类误差两方面的因素,以避免网络的过拟合现象。在标准数据集上的实验结果表明,Tri-DE-ELM算法能有效地利用未标注数据,具有比传统ELM更高的分类精度。     

基于SVM主动学习技术的PU文本分类

PU文本分类(以正例和未标识实例集训练分类器的分类方法)关键在于从U(未标识实例)集中提取尽可能多的可靠反例,然后在正例与可靠反例的基础上使用机器学习的方法构造有效分类器,而已有的方法可靠反例的数量少或不可靠,同样构造的分类器也精度不高,基于SVM主动学习技术的PU文本分类算法提出一种利用SVM与改进的Rocchio分类器进行主动学习的PU文本分类方法,并通过spy技术来提高SVM分类器的准确度,解决某些机器学习中训练样本获取代价过大,尤其是反例样本较难获取的实际问题。实验表明,该方法比目前其它的主动学习方法及面向PU的文本分类方法具有更高的准确率和召回率。     

SVM based adaptive learning method for text classification from positive and unlabeled documents

Automatic text classification is one of the most important tools in Information Retrieval. This paper presents a novel text classifier using positive and unlabeled examples. The primary challenge of this problem as compared with the classical text classification problem is that no labeled negative documents are available in the training example set. Firstly, we identify many more reliable negative documents by an improved 1-DNF algorithm with a very low error rate. Secondly, we build a set of classifiers by iteratively applying the SVM algorithm on a training data set, which is augmented during iteration. Thirdly, different from previous PU-oriented text classification works, we adopt the weighted vote of all classifiers generated in the iteration steps to construct the final classifier instead of choosing one of the classifiers as the final classifier. Finally, we discuss an approach to evaluate the weighted vote of all classifiers generated in the iteration steps to construct the final classifier based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), which can discover the best combination of the weights. In addition, we built a focused crawler based on link-contexts guided by different classifiers to evaluate our method. Several comprehensive experiments have been conducted using the Reuters data set and thousands of web pages. Experimental results show that our method increases the performance (F₁-measure) compared with PEBL, and a focused web crawler guided by our PSO-based classifier outperforms other several classifiers both in harvest rate and target recall.     

寻找相似样本的小样本半监督学习

传统的文本分类方法需要大量的已知类别样本来得到一个好的文本分类器,然而在现实的文本分类应用过程中,大量的已知类别样本通常很难获得,因此如何利用少量的已知类别样本和大量的未知类别样本来获得比较好的分类效果成为一个热门的研究课题。本文为此提出了一种扩大已知类别样本集的新方法,该方法先从已知类别样本集中提取出每个类别的代表特征,然后根据代表特征从未知类别样本集中寻找相似样本加入已知类别样本集。实验证明,该方法能有效地提高分类效果。     

Cost-sensitive classification with inadequate labeled data

It is an actual and challenging issue to learn cost-sensitive models from those datasets that are with few labeled data and plentiful unlabeled data, because some time labeled data are very difficult, time consuming and/or expensive to obtain. To solve this issue, in this paper we proposed two classification strategies to learn cost-sensitive classifier from training datasets with both labeled and unlabeled data, based on Expectation Maximization (EM). The first method, Direct-EM, uses EM to build a semi-supervised classifier, then directly computes the optimal class label for each test example using the class probability produced by the learning model. The second method, CS-EM, modifies EM by incorporating misclassification cost into the probability estimation process. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the efficiency, and results show that when using only a small number of labeled training examples, the CS-EM outperforms the other competing methods on majority of the selected UCI data sets across different cost ratios, especially when cost ratio is high.     

一种基于Tri-training的数据流集成分类算法

数据流分类是数据挖掘领域的重要研究任务之一,已有的数据流分类算法大多是在有标记数据集上进行训练,而实际应用领域数据流中有标记的数据数量极少。为解决这一问题,可通过人工标注的方式获取标记数据,但人工标注昂贵且耗时。考虑到未标记数据的数量极大且隐含大量信息,因此在保证精度的前提下,为利用这些未标记数据的信息,本文提出了一种基于Tri-training的数据流集成分类算法。该算法采用滑动窗口机制将数据流分块,在前k块含有未标记数据和标记数据的数据集上使用Tri-training训练基分类器,通过迭代的加权投票方式不断更新分类器直到所有未标记数据都被打上标记,并利用k个Tri-training集成模型对第ｋ＋１块数据进行预测,丢弃分类错误率高的分类器并在当前数据块上重建新分类器从而更新当前模型。在10个UCI数据集上的实验结果表明：与经典算法相比,本文提出的算法在含80%未标记数据的数据流上的分类精度有显著提高。