基于电子节温器的冷却水温控制研究

传统机械式节温器其开启和关闭只受冷却水温控制,难以根据发动机的实际工况精确控制冷却水温。根据适当提高发动机冷却水温可以减小机身内部磨损的特点,将机械式节温器替换为电子节温器可有效减小油耗。为此,利用车载传感器(如进气压力、转速传感器等)获得车辆所处的工况,通过MAP得到该工况所对应的最优目标水温,然后经ECU对节温器和风扇进行综合控制,可使冷却水温稳定在最优值附近。为验证电子节温器的有效性,对长安D18T型发动机进行了台架试验,结果表明,采用新型电子节温器后,控制系统可将冷却水温控制在各工况所对应的最优冷却水温附近,在中小负荷工况下节油效果达到2%～6%,充分验证了电子节温器控制方案的可行性和有效性。     

斯特林发动机燃烧控制系统应用研究

对斯特林发动机的燃烧模型、系统构成、控制机理进行了深入研究，建立了斯特林发动机的燃烧控制系统，针对其特有规律和要求采用了独特的方法和专用执行机构，并在工程实践中得到成功应用。     

基于ARMA模型的液体火箭发动机实时故障诊断方法研究

针对重复使用的液体火箭发动机设计了实时故障诊断系统并通过硬件在回路仿真平台对此进行了仿真分析,为建立重复使用液体火箭发动机健康管理系统奠定了坚实基础。首先,建立了液氧甲烷发动机故障模型,通过此模型可以获得发动机的几种典型故障数据;其次,设计并构建了ARMA模型,针对该模型的一些参数设置进行了分析;最后,基于ARMA模型构建了实时故障诊断系统并进行了仿真分析,由仿真结果可见该算法成功的诊断出发动机的常见故障,并进行了报警,满足了发动机故障诊断系统的需要。     

基于RESID方法的液体火箭发动机实时故障诊断算法设计及半实物仿真验证

针对氢氧发动机设计了实时故障诊断算法并通过半实物仿真平台对此进行了仿真分析,为建立液体火箭发动机健康管理系统奠定了坚实基础。首先,建立了氢氧发动机故障模型,通过此模型可以获得发动机的几种典型故障数据;其次,设计并构建了RESID模型,针对该模型的一些参数设置进行了分析;最后,基于RESID模型构建了实时故障诊断系统并进行了仿真分析,由仿真结果可见该算法成功的诊断出发动机的常见故障,并进行了报警,满足了发动机故障诊断系统的需要。     

姿控发动机地面虚拟试验模型集成软件设计

以某型号姿控发动机地面试验系统为研究对象,进行了姿控发动机地面虚拟试验模型集成技术的研究;首先对建立的发动机地面试验系统的物理模型进行模块化分解,然后利用VC语言对各部件模型进行了计算机仿真和全系统的模型集成,建立了姿控发动机地面虚拟试验集成系统的软件平台;该平台能任意搭建局部级和系统级的姿控发动机地面虚拟试验系统,模拟发动机真实点火试验中各部件的工作状态;各部件的虚拟试验结果证明,该模型集成软件具有较高的仿真精度,达到了预期的目标.     

基于双通道传感器的航空发动机在线故障诊断系统研究

对基于双通道传感器的航空发动机在线故障诊断和隔离技术进行了研究;在发动机机载非线性模型的基础上,对发动机的双通道传感器分别设计混合卡尔曼滤波器,利用该滤波器在线估计双通道传感器输出,并结合实际双通道传感器测量值以及发动机机载非线性模型的输出值在线实现传感器故障检测和隔离、部件故障及异常检测确认;利用该技术建立了某型涡扇发动机在线故障诊断系统,通过仿真实例验证了该系统的诊断性能,实验结果表明,本文所建立的在线故障诊断系统能够较好的完成故障诊断与隔离、部件故障及异常检测等功能,为此类系统的工程应用提供了理论依据。     

火箭发动机试验通用自动测试系统研究

为满足不同类型火箭发动机的地面试验对测试的需求,在对火箭发动机地面试验中的各种测试行为进行分析的基础上,提出了火箭发动机自动测试系统(ATS)软件平台与硬件平台相分离的思想,并建立了基于虚拟仪器技术和数据库技术的火箭发动机通用自动测试系统;同时对系统的硬件模型、软件模型以及软件的数据库模型进行了介绍;该系统的特点是可通用性、高可靠性和易操作性,能满足多种类型的火箭发动机地面试验中的测试需要,并已成功应用于多种火箭发动机地面试验.     

卫星推进系统发动机启动过程数值仿真

以一维管道瞬变流理论和特征线方法为基础，建立了仿真系统部件流体动力学模型。考虑燃烧时滞的影响，采用带内插的特征线方法和四阶龙格库塔法，计算了卫星推进系统发动机在启动过程中各参数的变化。仿真结果与卫星推进系统热试车试验结果基本吻合。这表明计算模型较好地描述了发动机启动过程中的水击和管流振荡现象，采用的仿真方法符合精度要求，为卫星推进系统的优化设计提供了参考。     

基于Dymola的航空发动机尾喷管建模与仿真

简要介绍了发动机尾喷管的数学模型，基于特性方程建立了一种能够达到设计精度要求的快速简单的尾喷管性能仿真模型。该模型具有速度快，适用于大量计算等优点。用Modelica语言和Dymola编译器实现了尾喷管的性能仿真。通过发动机系统级模型的仿真实验，验证了尾喷管模型的有效性。结果表明，采用建立的性能仿真数学模型能够模拟尾喷管性能，并能够实现非设计转速小流量工况下的性能仿真，为设计尾喷管提供了一个有力的工具。     

网格环境下的航空发动机集成设计与分布仿真研究

建立了一个开发航空发动机分布仿真的系统环境．该环境中子模型具有自治性,子模型的设计者可以根据自己的需要选择所使用的工具,定义变量以及他们与其他设计者之间的关系．应用新兴的网格技术建立了一个集成设计和分布仿真的环境框架,它可以灵活地建立和修改基于部件对象模型建立起来的航空发动机模型,并尝试解决仿真中存在的多学科耦合以及大计算量的问题．该框架具有图形化界面,可以方便地更改发动机的参数和结构,其所具有网格技术的易扩展性也为今后建立更复杂的发动机模型提供了良好的平台．研究人员可以应用该系统提供的可扩展设计和仿真环境,灵活地组建新的航空发动机模型并进行仿真．     

汽车发动机冷却循环系统模块调温器总成试验台的研制

本文对汽车发动机冷却循环系统中模块调温器总成试验台的研制进行了阐述,对调温器的原理,主体结构与功能以及模块调温器总成试验台的装夹模具,温度、流量、压力检测分别作了介绍。     

Model-driven coordinated management of data centers

Management of computing infrastructure in data centers is an important and challenging problem, that needs to: (i) ensure availability of services conforming to the Service Level Agreements (SLAs); and (ii) reduce the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), i.e. the ratio of total power, up to half of which is attributed to data center cooling, over the computing power to service the workloads. The cooling energy consumption can be reduced by allowing higher-than-usual thermostat set temperatures while maintaining the ambient temperature in the data center room within manufacturer-specified server redline temperatures for their reliable operations. This paper proposes: (i) a Coordinated Job, Power, and Cooling Management (JPCM) policy, which performs: (a) job management so as to allow for an increase in the thermostat setting of the cooling unit while meeting the SLA requirements, (b) power management to reduce the produced thermal load, and (c) cooling management to dynamically adjust the thermostat setting; and (ii) a Model-driven coordinated Management Architecture (MMA), which uses a state-based model to dynamically decide the correct management policy to handle events, such as new workload arrival or failure of a cooling unit, that can trigger an increase in the ambient temperature. Each event is associated with a time window, referred to as the window-of-opportunity, after which the temperature at the inlet of one or more servers can go beyond the redline temperature if proper management policies are not enforced.This window-of-opportunity monotonically decreases with increase in the incoming workload. The selection of the management policy depends on their potential energy benefits and the conformance of the delays in their actuation to the window-of-opportunity. Simulations based on actual job traces from the ASU HPC data center show that the JPCM can achieve up to 18% energy-savings over separated power or job management policies. However, high delay to reach a stable ambient temperature (in case of cooling management through dynamic thermostat setting) can violate the server redline temperatures. A management decision chart is developed as part of MMA to autonomically employ the management policy with maximum energy-savings without violating the window-of-opportunity, and hence the redline temperatures. Further, a prototype of the JPCM is developed by configuring the widely used Moab cluster manager to dynamically change the server priorities for job assignment.     

晶体管用的恒溫器

在恒温器的温度检测元件方面,本文研究了晶体管反向电流的爬行现象,以及热敏电阻的挑选原则.对恒温器的过渡过程作了近似分析,并提出了测定时间常数的简便方法.给出了几个试验性装置的实验结果.     

Quantum dynamics in classical thermal baths

A particular type of open quantum system dynamics is achieved by embedding a quantum system in a classical thermal bath. Such a bath can be represented in terms of the non-Hamiltonian evolution of few variables by means of the so-called Nosè–Hoover Power thermostat. The classical dynamics of the thermostat is integrated by means of time-reversible measure-preserving algorithms. In this work we show that the Nosè–Hoover Power thermostat, when applied to the dissipative evolution of a quantum spin, provides numerical results which agree with those obtained using Nosè–Hoover chains. However, since a fewer number of variables are needed to achieve the correct sampling of the canonical distribution at equilibrium, the Nosè–Hoover Power thermostat promises to be better suited for the simulation of low dimensional open quantum system on discrete grids.     

Facilitating energy savings with programmable thermostats: evaluation and guidelines for the thermostat user interface

Thermostats control heating and cooling in homes – representing a major part of domestic energy use – yet, poor ergonomics of these devices has thwarted efforts to reduce energy consumption. Theoretically, programmable thermostats can reduce energy by 5–15%, but in practice little to no savings compared to manual thermostats are found. Several studies have found that programmable thermostats are not installed properly, are generally misunderstood and have poor usability. After conducting a usability study of programmable thermostats, we reviewed several guidelines from ergonomics, general device usability, computer–human interfaces and building control sources. We analysed the characteristics of thermostats that enabled or hindered successfully completing tasks and in a timely manner. Subjects had higher success rates with thermostat displays with positive examples of guidelines, such as visibility of possible actions, consistency and standards, and feedback. We suggested other guidelines that seemed missing, such as navigation cues, clear hierarchy and simple decision paths.

Practitioner Summary: Our evaluation of a usability test of five residential programmable thermostats led to the development of a comprehensive set of specific guidelines for thermostat design including visibility of possible actions, consistency, standards, simple decision paths and clear hierarchy. Improving the usability of thermostats may facilitate energy savings.     

Advanced automotive thermal management – Nonlinear radiator fan matrix control

Advanced automotive cooling systems for gasoline and diesel engines can improve the powertrain performance. The replacement of the mechanical driven coolant pump and radiator fans with computer controlled servo-motor actuators, and update of the wax-based thermostat valve with a 3-way variable position smart valve, allow the coolant flow rate and proportion directed through the radiator to be carefully adjusted. A smart thermal management system approach can regulate the forced convection heat transfer process to match the engine׳s cooling needs. This paper presents a Lyapunov based nonlinear control strategy to solely operate the radiator fan matrix for transient engine temperature tracking. A reduced order mathematical model serves as the basis for the closed-loop feedback system. An adaptive backstepping method was implemented to derive the control law. An experimental test bench with multiple radiator fans, heat exchanger, wind tunnel, coolant pump, three way valve, and engine thermal load has been fabricated. Representative numerical and experimental tests demonstrate that the advanced control strategy can regulate the engine temperature tracking error within 0.12 °C and compensate the unknown heat load. The nonlinear controller provided superior performance in terms of power consumption and temperature tracking as evident by the reduced magnitude when compared to a classical PI with lookup table based controller and a bang bang controller.     

增程式电动汽车控制策略的优化研究

针对增程式电动汽车恒功率控制策略中发动机工作点难以选择的问题,运用一种基于多目标遗传算法的优化方法,以百公里油耗和排放指标为优化目标,利用AVL CRUISE和Matlab/Simulink软件联合建立增程式电动汽车整车动态性能仿真分析模型,针对NEDC工况和FTP75工况进行恒功率控制策略下发动机工作点优化,仿真结果显示,优化后的发动机工作点有效改善了百公里油耗和尾气排放量。该优化方法可以减少设计者调试和选择电动汽车增程器发动机工作点的时间,具有良好的实用价值。     

基于XML的信息物理融合系统组件建模与仿真

信息物理融合系统（CPS）涉及多种计算模型的集成和协同工作，针对CPS设计方法不统一、重塑性差、复杂度高、难以协同建模验证等问题，提出一种结构化、可描述行为的异元组件模型。首先，用统一组件建模方法进行建模，解决模型不开放问题；然后，用可扩展标记语言（XML）规范描述各类组件，解决不同计算模型描述语言不一致和不可扩展问题；最后，用多级开放组件模型的协同仿真验证方式进行仿真验证，解决验证的不可协同问题。通过通用组件建模方法、XML组件规范描述语言以及验证工具平台XModel对医用恒温箱进行了建模、描述和仿真。医用恒温箱的案例表明，这种模型驱动建立可重塑异元组件并确认其设计正确性的过程，支持信息物理协同设计和边构建边纠正，可避免在系统实现过程中发现问题时再进行反复修改。     

热轧带钢层流冷却控制方法

针对热轧带钢层流冷却终冷温度范围的扩大以及控制精度提高的要求,通过分析影响层流冷却过程的关键性因素如,速度、厚度、喷水量对终轧温度的影响,以及各因素之间相互的作用关系,合理制定出层流冷却的初始值,并建立起层流冷却温度控制的数学模型。运用前馈控制、速度补偿控制的思想以及针对层流冷却特点的线性叠加控制对层流冷却过程进行实时控制。所提出的方法成功运用于某层流冷却生产模型中,实现了终冷温度范围扩大以及控制精度提高的目标。