一种与IPSec兼容的基于有线/无线混合网络的TCP性能优化机制

传统的TCP协议,假设丢包都是由网络拥塞造成的,这不适用于错误丢包比拥塞丢包更容易发生的无线链路,而且现有的很多改进方案无法用于加密通讯中.在分析现有改进算法的基础上,提出一种适用于有线/无线混合网络IPSec兼容的端到端的优化机制.通过接收端数据包到达时间间隔的变化累积来判断无线链路的状况,用ACK标记ELN通知发送端,避免不必要的拥塞控制而导致性能下降.通过NS2仿真实验表明该机制能有效提高TCP传输性能还与现有的安全机制兼容.     

基于Vegas协议的包错误检测机制

为解决无线或异质网络中TCP拥塞控制性能不稳定的问题,提出一种基于Vegas协议的包错误检测机制。该机制扩展了TCP Vegas头部选项并允许接收端返回一个发生包错误的特殊ACK给TCP发送端,保留TCP Vegas机制端对端的语义,无须修改基站或中间节点。NS2模拟实验表明,该机制可区分包丢失的原因,能较好避免由包错误产生的超时重传,提高传输性能。     

一种Ad Hoc网络端到端的TCP拥塞控制改进方案

传统的TCP协议是为有线网络而设计的,它假定数据包的丢失是由网络拥塞引起的,然而在Ad Hoc网络中,除拥塞丢包外,其它非拥塞因素也会引起数据包的丢失。分析Ad Hoc网络影响TCP性能的主要因素,在原有拥塞控制方案MMJI的基础上,提出了一种端到端的TCP拥塞控制改进方案（Imp MMJI）。该方案能根据前向路径跳数自适应调整拥塞窗口的大小,防止拥塞窗口过快增长,当发生路由改变或链路中断时,重新计算拥塞窗口cwnd和ssthresh的值,以确保路由重建前后TCP连接负载率的一致性;并在ACK应答包的TCP首部增加了状态标志位,结合多个度量参数联合判断网络状态,提高网络状态识别的准确性,使发送端实时采取相应的措施。仿真结果表明,该方案能使网络吞吐量得到明显的提高,改善了TCP的性能。     

有线无线网络TCP友好流媒体拥塞控制机制

在TCP友好拥塞控制方法比较基础上,为了实现流媒体平滑传输以及保证TCP流友好性,提出了TCP友好速率控制算法WTFCC。该算法能够在接收端区分网络拥塞丢包和链路错误随机丢包,准确判断网络拥塞状况;结合接收端缓存区占用程度,自适应实施多级速率调节。仿真实验结果表明,该机制对TCP流是友好的,并且保障了媒体播放质量,在有线无线混和网络中具有很好的性能。     

数据中心网络快速反馈传输控制协议

在数据中心网络中,当多个服务器同时向一个接收端发送数据时,产生的数据流量易在瓶颈交换机的缓冲区溢出,造成丢包事件以及数据重传,导致TCP Incast问题。为此,提出一种可快速反馈的数据中心网络传输控制协议( FFDTCP)。该协议在TCP协议的基础上采用显式拥塞通知机制,利用2个显式拥塞通知位通告4种拥塞级别,发送端根据拥塞信息所表示的拥塞级别快速调整拥塞窗口以减少拥塞,从而避免因瓶颈链路丢包而造成的吞吐量急剧下降问题。 NS2仿真实验结果表明,与传统TCP协议相比,FFDTCP协议可以保证较低的时延和较大的吞吐量,有效缓解TCP Incast问题,提高数据中心网络传输性能。     

基于无线－有线混合网的TCP友好速率控制算法

研究了实时多媒体业务传输协议在无线－有线混合网络中所面临的新问题，在此基础上提出了一种基于TCP友好速率控制协议的新的实时业务的流控机制，利用延迟抖动率作为丢包分辨信号来调整TFRC的速率控制，以区分拥塞丢包和无线信道丢包。大量的NS仿真实验表明：该算法在无线－有线混合网络中能提高有效通过量，对于TCP流具有良好的公平性。     

基于Fuzzy丢包区分的TCP拥塞控制算法

针对传统传输控制协议(TCP)应用于异构网络的局限性,在研究灰色关联度基础上,分析网络参数,提出一种基于往返延迟抖动积区分丢包的TCP-N算法.根据测得的往返延迟抖动积构建隶属函数,区分无线误码丢包和网络拥塞丢包,并依据隶属度进行相应的拥塞控制.仿真实验结果表明,与传统TCP协议相比,TCP-N算法在异构网络中能够较准确地区分无线误码丢包和网络拥塞丢包,提高带宽利用率和吞吐量.     

无线TCP友好拥塞控制研究

分析了流媒体业务在无线环境下传输所存在的问题,在TFRC算法研究的基础上,提出了一种适用于流媒体业务传输的无线TCP友好拥塞控制机制WL_TFRC,在接收端引入了丢包区分机制来区分拥塞丢包和无线丢包。     

无线多跳网络中Semi-TCP协议的实现

为解决传统TCP协议在无线多跳网络中经常误判网络拥塞状况且反应迟钝的问题,提出一种Semi-TCP协议的实现方法。添加虚拟TCP层控制包的过滤和重发,采用逻辑信道传递跨层信息,应用一跳式ACK速率控制策略调节发送速率。仿真实验结果表明,该实现方法能在不改变原TCP协议框架的基础上提高系统性能。     

基于模糊综合评判的网络认知模型

针对传统传输控制协议(TCP)应用于异构网络的局限性,提出了一种基于模糊综合评判的网络认知模型。该模型通过建立隶属度函数和不同网络环境下的动态权重分布,运用模糊综合评判的方法来区分无线误码丢包和网络拥塞丢包。仿真实验证明：与传统TCP协议相比,该模型在不同的网络条件下,能够较准确地区分无线误码丢包和网络拥塞丢包,提高了TCP的吞吐量,改善了网络性能。     

加密环境中的无线TCP性能优化

TCP是一种广泛使用的可靠传输协议,它的设计基于拥塞是引起丢包主要原因的假设。但在无线网络中,丢包通常是传输差错的缘故,这导致了TCP传输性能的急剧下降。现有不少无线TCP传输性能优化方法要求中间节点能够获得TCP连接信息,因此不适用于数据流被加密的情况。文中提出的丢包识别机制可应用于加密环境,它通过TCP发送端判断丢包原因并采取相应措施来提高传输速率,仿真结果证明该方法是有效的、鲁棒的,在局域网和广域网环境中都能明显提高TCP端到端传输性能。     

Improving Throughput of Transmission Control Protocol Using Cross Layer Approach

Most of the internet users connect through wireless networks. Major part of internet traffic is carried by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It has some design constraints while operated across wireless networks. TCP is the traditional predominant protocol designed for wired networks. To control congestion in the network, TCP used acknowledgment to delivery of packets by the end host. In wired network, packet loss signals congestion in the network. But rather in wireless networks, loss is mainly because of the wireless characteristics such as fading, signal strength etc. When a packet travels across wired and wireless networks, TCP congestion control theory faces problem during handshake between them. This paper focuses on finding this misinterpretation of the losses using cross layer approach. This paper focuses on increasing bandwidth usage by improving TCP throughput in wireless environments using cross layer approach and hence named the proposed system as CRLTCP. TCP misinterprets wireless loss as congestion loss and unnecessarily reduces congestion window size. Using the signal strength and frame error rate, the type of loss is identified and accordingly the response of TCP is modified. The results show that there is a significant improvement in the throughput of proposed TCP upon which bandwidth usage is increased.     

MANET中TCP改进研究综述

传统TCP(transmission control protocol)本是为有线网络设计,它假设包丢失全是由网络拥塞引起,这个假设不能适应于MANET (mobile ad hoc network),因为MANET中除了拥塞丢包以外,还存在由于较高比特误码率、路由故障等因素引起的丢包现象.当出现非拥塞因素丢包时,传统TCP将错误地触发拥塞控制,从而引起TCP性能低下.任何改进机制都可以分为发现问题和解决问题两个阶段.首先概括了MANET中影响TCP性能的若干问题;然后针对发现问题和解决问题两个阶段,详细地对每一阶段中存在的各种可行方法进行了分类、分析和比较;最后指出了MANET中TCP性能优化的研究方向.     

APS-FeW: Improving TCP throughput over multihop adhoc networks

TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well over traditional wired networks. Although it performs well for wired networks, TCP’s implicit assumption that any packet loss is due to congestion is not valid any longer in mobile ad hoc networks. It is observed that TCP induces the over-action of routing protocol and reduces the performance of the connection. Fraction window increment (FeW) scheme for TCP improves the connection performance by limiting TCP’s aggressiveness. But to some extent, this limitation is too strict in that it eliminates the possibility to deliver more bytes under the same congestion window. To solve this problem, we propose an adaptive packet size (APS) scheme to work on top of FeW for TCP. The proposed scheme utilizes the advantages of both legacy TCP and FeW to achieve high performance over multihop 802.11 networks. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that APS over FeW outperforms FeW alone by 10–25% according to different scenarios, e.g., chain-topology, grid-topology, and random-topology with mobility.     

Multiple TFRC Connections Based Rate Control for Wireless Networks

Rate control is an important issue in video streaming applications for both wired and wireless networks. A widely accepted rate control method in wired networks is equation based rate control , in which the TCP friendly rate is determined as a function of packet loss rate, round trip time and packet size. This approach, also known as TCP friendly rate control (TFRC), assumes that packet loss in wired networks is primarily due to congestion, and as such is not applicable to wireless networks in which the bulk of packet loss is due to error at the physical layer. In this paper, we propose multiple TFRC connections as an end-to-end rate control solution for wireless video streaming. We show that this approach not only avoids modifications to the network infrastructure or network protocol, but also results in full utilization of the wireless channel. NS-2 simulations, actual experiments over 1$times$RTT CDMA wireless data network, and and video streaming simulations using traces from the actual experiments, are carried out to validate, and characterize the performance of our proposed approach.     

有线/无线混合网络传输控制策略

针对有线/无线混合网络存在的数据包易丢失的问题,提出一种基于探测包的传输控制策略。发送方周期性地向网络发送探测包,接收方通过观测探测包到达的时间间隔评估网络状态。观测结果能较好地表征可用带宽、网络拥塞以及包丢失原因等信息,发送方可根据观测结果调整发送速率以适应网络拥塞和丢包特性。仿真实验结果表明,该策略是有效的。     

Multiple sender distributed video streaming

With the explosive growth of video applications over the Internet, many approaches have been proposed to stream video effectively over packet switched, best-effort networks. We propose a receiver-driven protocol for simultaneous video streaming from multiple senders to a single receiver in order to achieve higher throughput, and to increase tolerance to packet loss and delay due to network congestion. Our receiver-driven protocol employs a novel rate allocation algorithm (RAA) and a packet partition algorithm (PPA). The RAA, run at the receiver, determines the sending rate for each sender by taking into account available network bandwidth, channel characteristics, and a prespecified, fixed level of forward error correction, in such a way as to minimize the probability of packet loss. The PPA, run at the senders based on a set of parameters estimated by the receiver, ensures that every packet is sent by one and only one sender, and at the same time, minimizes the startup delay. Using both simulations and Internet experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol in reducing packet loss.     

MANET中TCP改进方案的性能分析与比较

TCP协议最初是为有线网络设计,它假设数据包的丢失都是由网络拥塞引起.但在MANET中,链路的高误码率和节点移动等都会引起数据包的丢失.如果不加改进地把传统TCP应用于MANET中,它会把非拥塞因素引起的数据包丢失也当作是网络拥塞,从而错误的触发拥塞控制,导致传输性能的下降.首先讨论了MANET中影响TCP性能的主要因素;然后从传输层、网络层和链路层3个层面,分别介绍了提高MANET中TCP性能方法的工作机制;并对这些方法进行了分析比较.最后指出了今后的工作方向.