基于分水岭-隐马尔可夫模型联合的语义视频对象提取技术

针对3C无线网络的增值服务业务,提出一种语义对象基于分水岭算法的视频帧内的分割,及基于隐马尔可夫模型的视频帧间跟踪提取技术.其主要的特点是首先采用基于标识集的分水岭算法来进行初始帧内语义视频对象的标定和分割处理,随后再进行二值化掩膜处理,最后借助隐马尔可夫测量场模型,将后续帧中视频对象的跟踪处理演化为跟踪区域与非跟踪区域的二值离散化标定问题.实验结果证明,该算法能很好地实现视频帧序列中语义视频对象的连续提取.     

多模式3维视频形状编码

目的 具有立体感和高端真实感的3D视频正越来越受到学术界和产业界的关注和重视,未来在3D影视、机器视觉、远程医疗、军事航天等领域将有着广泛的应用前景。对象基3D视频是未来3D视频技术的重要发展趋势,其中高效形状编码是对象基3D视频应用中的关键问题。但现有形状编码方法主要针对图像和视频对象,面向3D视频的形状编码算法还很少。为此,基于对象基3D视频的应用需求,提出一种基于轮廓和链码表示的高效多模式3D视频形状编码方法。方法 对于给定的3D视频形状序列逐帧进行对象轮廓提取并预处理后,进行对象轮廓活动性分析,将形状图像分成帧内模式编码图像和帧间预测模式编码图像。对于帧内编码图像,基于轮廓内链码方向约束和线性特征进行高效编码。对于帧间编码图像,采用基于链码表示的轮廓基运动补偿预测、视差补偿预测、联合运动与视差补偿预测等多种模式进行编码,以充分利用视点内对象轮廓的帧间时域相关性和视点间对象轮廓的空域相关性,从而达到高效编码的目的。结果 实验仿真结果显示所提算法性能优于经典和现有的最新同类方法,压缩效率平均能提高9.3%到64.8%不等。结论 提出的多模式3D视频形状编码方法可以有效去除对象轮廓的帧间和视点间冗余,能够进行高效编码压缩,性能优于现有同类方法,可广泛应用于对象基编码、对象基检索、对象基内容分析与理解等。     

基于背景帧的监控和会议视频帧间快速算法

为降低高性能视频编码（High Efficiency Video Coding,HEVC）中监控和会议视频的编码复杂度,减少编码时间,提出了一种基于虚拟背景帧的监控和会议视频帧间编码的快速编码单元（Coding Unit,CU）划分和预测单元（Prediction Unit,PU）模式选择算法。对原始视频序列进行像素统计分析生成虚拟背景帧,利用生成的虚拟背景帧对CU分类。通过分析不同类别的CU继续划分的比例和其纹理复杂度,快速决策当前CU的划分和PU的模式类型。这种利用虚拟背景帧做判决的算法通过减少CU深度和PU模式遍历而降低编码复杂度,达到快速帧间编码的效果。实验结果表明,与HM16.9相比,该算法在峰值信噪比（Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio,PSNR）平均下降0.07 dB和码率平均增加1.93%的情况下,能平均减少33.31%的编码时间。     

海量监控视频快速回放与检索技术

为解决海量监控视频的快速浏览和检索,介绍了一种基于目标索引的视频摘要和检索方法。该方法在光流分析的基础上,在画面的静止区域更新背景,运动的区域利用差分法分割出运动目标图像。经过优化的快速特征匹配和建立运动跟踪模型后,根据目标运动轨迹,按照时空距离进行聚类。在目标图像数据和运动参数进行XML结构化存储为索引的基础上,最后在检索时将符合条件的所有目标图像,按照其原有时间顺序逐帧贴到同一个背景图像中,形成动态的摘要视频。由于该方法剔除了背景中大量的时空冗余信息,可在较短回放时间内浏览全部有用目标,显著提高海量监控视频的查阅效率。     

基于方向测度的H.264帧内预测快速算法

帧内预测的主要目的是消除相邻像素间的空间冗余,通过邻近块中已解码图像的像素块来预测当前块,介绍H.264帧内预测的基本原理和算法步骤,对现有的改进方法进行深入的探索和分析,提出基于方向测度的快速帧内预测模式选择算法.通过基于视觉感知效应宏块层划分,对纹理区域提出了基于方向测度的快速模式选择算法.实验结果表明,编码时间平均减少45％,峰值信噪比基本保持不变,满足实时视频通信的要求.     

无再损帧内编码

解决了H.264/MPEG-4AVC多次编码中由当前clip模块的不可逆运算引入的视频畸变问题.为了在改进的H.264/AVC上实现无再损帧内编码,提出了一种新的基于整数线性规划的优化clip算法,并且改进了现有帧内预测算法的代价函数,以确保多次编码时后续编码器预测值与前次编码器预测值一致.实验结果显示,与现有帧内编码算法比较,基于整数线性规划理论的帧内编码算法完全消除了现有clip算法导致的多次编码时的图像降质现象,实现了H.264算法框架下严格视频无再损编码.     

一种支持超视频创建与可视呈现的草图界面技术

超视频打破了传统视频的单一线性的组织和浏览方式,有效地增强了用户的浏览效率和视频信息的表达能力.基于草图和草图界面在思维表达上的优势,针对目前对视频内容以及视频间或者视频内的关系展示上的不足,提出了一种支持超视频创建的草图界面来直观地表达用户的设计意图,改善了视频编辑过程中的交互体验.提出了一种基于force-directed 的图布局算法.该算法对视频语义进行建模,将时间、空间、视频结构、约束关系等语义信息融入到节点质量、引力和斥力等对象中.系统实例表明,该方法能够很好地适应视频特有的语义类型,表示出超视频的动态创建和编辑过程.     

基于内容的视频压缩改进算法

由于时间的连续性,视频前后帧图像有很大的相似性,视频图像前后帧存在着很大的时间冗余.针对视频图像的帧间冗余,在传统的视频编码算法基础上,提出一种基于匹配内容的视频压缩改进算法,根据实际视频图像的不同,选取不同的编码策略,并采用零树小波变换算法,使压缩比和实时性得到很大的提高.     

基于SATD准则的HEVC快速帧内预测算法

相比于H.264/AVC视频编码标准,高效视频编码（HEVC）具有更大的压缩率和计算复杂度。HEVC更多的帧内预测模式显著地提升了编码器的率失真性能,但更高的算法复杂度使得编码时间大大增加。通过对典型序列编码的统计分析,提出一种基于变换残差绝对值和（SATD）的帧内预测模式快速选择算法,以降低HEVC帧内预测过程的计算复杂度。所提算法通过比较SATD来加速帧内预测模式的判决,避免了耗时的率失真代价（RD-Cost）计算,并且选择性地降低候选预测模式的数量,以减少总体编码时间。通过与现有其他HEVC快速算法进行比较测试,结果表明,所提算法平均减少了12.90%~19.89%的编码时间（编码器不进行任何优化）,而BD-Rate码率指标仅增加了0.5%~0.96%,几种算法的率失真性能基本一致。     

基于AP聚类和频繁模式挖掘的视频摘要生成方法

为了有效支持视频数据库浏览和检索,通过视频摘要来对视频进行紧凑表达变得十分重要.提出了一种新颖的基于近邻传播聚类AP(Affinity Propagation)和频繁镜头模式挖掘的视频摘要自动生成算法.视频频繁镜头模式被定义为在一定时间窗口内经常出现的镜头系列.首先通过近邻传播聚类,将相似镜头聚合到一起;然后采用频繁镜头模式挖掘的方法对视频聚类内容进行挖掘,去掉视频中冗余内容部分;最后通过覆盖视频语义信息的频繁镜头模式生成视频摘要.实验结果表明,视频摘要算法取得了良好的效果.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate