一种Cisco IOS内存溢出攻击检测方法

“棱镜门”事件的曝出,使得Cisco路由器的安全性问题越来越受到重视。从提升网络环境的安全角度出发,通过引入动态污点分析技术来检测针对Cisco IOS的内存溢出攻击。通过分析Cisco IOS的指令格式,根据不同指令的特点制定相应的污点传播规则,实现了Cisco IOS上的动态污点分析技术。在此基础上,通过定位Cisco IOS中的安全库函数来确定安全性检测点,并在安全性检测点实现对内存溢出攻击的检测。实验结果证明了本文提出的攻击检测方法的有效性,并可以追踪攻击的来源,有利于提升网络的安全性。     

基于Fuzzing的Cisco IOS漏洞挖掘方法

目前没有可以对Cisco IOS系统进行完全静态反汇编和动态调试的通用工具。为此,以Cisco路由器支持的协议为测试目标,利用Fuzzing技术对其进行安全性测试,从而挖掘系统中的漏洞,并结合IOS结构、存储管理和进程调度的特点,设计实现一个自动实现漏洞挖掘的工具CFuzzer。利用该工具对IOS的多种协议进行安全测试,实验结果证明,CFuzzer可以为Cisco路由器提供有效的安全防护。     

面向漏洞类型的Crash分类研究

Crash（程序崩溃）分析是漏洞挖掘与利用的关键阶段，判定Crash是由何种类型漏洞产生的是进行Crash分析和漏洞利用的前提。针对现有漏洞检测平台无法有效识别Crash类型的问题，提出一种二进制可执行程序漏洞检测和Crash类型判定的方法。该方法通过对二进制可执行程序Fuzz出的Crash进行污点标记，在污点传播阶段兼顾污点清除、间接污染等污点传播规则，在污点检查阶段通过收集崩溃点上下文信息，匹配多种漏洞触发规则。基于上述方法开发出对二进制程序漏洞检测和判定Crash所属漏洞类型的原型系统，实验结果表明，该方法适用于栈溢出、格式化字符串、堆溢出等漏洞导致的覆盖返回地址、函数指针等模式，具有较高准确率。     

污点导向型模糊测试的限制与性能分析

在黑盒环境下,污点导向型模糊测试是挖掘指定脆弱代码区域潜在漏洞的重要技术.该技术将程序的输入当作污点值,使用动态污点跟踪技术定位与脆弱区域相关联的部分输入.随后的模糊测试阶段将只变异锁定的输入,从而避免了与脆弱区域无关的大量变异.然而,以往的研究并未对该技术的实际使用限制、效率提升做出系统、数学的分析.为了解决这一问题,本文采用14个CVE漏洞实例对该技术的适用范围进行基准测试与限制分析,将模糊测试过程抽象成几何分布以估计其效率提升与性能变化趋势.分析表明,在有元数据污点传播关系的漏洞挖掘中,该技术存在限制.同时,实验验证了效率估计公式具有良好的参考价值.     

基于遗传算法的Android系统服务漏洞挖掘

针对常规模糊测试挖掘Android系统服务漏洞效率低的问题,提出并实现基于遗传算法的Anddroid系统服务漏洞挖掘框架ASFuzzer。该框架利用Binder驱动与系统服务的交互向目标发送测试用例。测试过程中根据结果的反馈,引导遗传算法对测试参数不断变异,并提出一种高效的基于概率排序与组合的遗传选择算子模型,从而提高样本覆盖率和模糊测试效率。通过框架在不同系统版本手机上的测试,挖掘到多个系统服务漏洞。与传统模糊测试方法相比,实验结果表明本文方案在漏洞挖掘效率方面更具有优势。     

一种有效的Cisco IOS映像注入攻击分析方法

针对Cisco IOS映像注入攻击提出了一种基于虚拟化的恶意代码分析方法。通过虚拟化技术的研究, 设计实现了虚拟化分析平台CDAP(Cisco dynamic analysis platform), 为IOS系统提供了运行环境, 在此基础上, 采用指令信息截获与过滤技术、数据跟踪技术对注入到IOS映像中的恶意代码进行分析。使用该方法可对遭受IOS注入攻击的多型号多版本的Cisco IOS映像进行分析。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于污点分析的白盒模糊测试方案

针对白盒模糊测试漏洞触发能力较弱的问题,提出一种基于污点分析的白盒模糊测试（WFBTA）方案,依据不同的漏洞特征,识别危险操作,获得漏洞相关的约束条件,与路径约束条件优化结合后通过约束求解器求解,产生覆盖率较高且漏洞触发能力良好的测试用例。实验结果表明,与原有的白盒模糊测试方法相比,WFBTA方案具有更强的漏洞发现能力、更低的漏报率与误报率,而平均时间开销仅增加了1.31%。     

TaintPoint:使用活跃轨迹高效挖掘污点风格漏洞

覆盖反馈的灰盒Fuzzing已经成为漏洞挖掘最有效的方式之一.广泛使用的边覆盖是一种控制流信息,然而在面向污点风格(taint-style)的漏洞挖掘时,这种反馈信息过于粗糙.大量污点无关的种子被加入队列,污点相关的种子数量又过早收敛,导致Fuzzing失去进化方向,无法高效测试Source和Sink之间的信息流.首先,详细分析了现有反馈机制在检测污点风格漏洞时不够高效的原因;其次,提出了专门用于污点风格漏洞挖掘的模糊器TaintPoint.TaintPoint在控制流轨迹的基础上加入了活跃污点这一数据流信息,形成活跃轨迹(livetrace)作为覆盖反馈,并围绕活跃轨迹分别在插桩、种子过滤、选择和变异阶段改进现有方法.在UAFBench上的实验结果表明:TaintPoint检测污点风格漏洞的效率、产出和速度优于业界领先的通用模糊器AFL++及定向模糊器AFLGO;此外,在两个开源项目上发现了4个漏洞并被确认.     

动态污点分析技术在ActiveX控件漏派挖掘上的应用

ActiveX控件以其跨平台、简单易用的特点被广泛应用于其他应用程序,例如大型统计软件、网上银行安全控件等。因此,其安全问题也越来越值得关注。目前针对ActiveX控件的漏洞挖掘的主要方法是模糊测试,但模糊测试的局限性会造成漏报。文章基于动态污点分析的ActiveX漏洞挖掘工具CMPTracer,分析可控数据在ActiveX控件内部的处理流程,反馈出程序内部进行正确性检测的指令,进而指导测试数据的修改,得以测试程序深层的处理逻辑。经过试验比对发现,CMPTracer可以降低漏洞挖掘过程中的漏报率,能够发现普通模糊测试工具遗漏的安全漏洞。     

基于Fuzzing的Web控件漏洞检测改进模型

Web软件安全漏洞层出不穷,攻击手段日益变化,为分析现有的Web控件漏洞检测方法,提出基于Fuzzing测试方法的Web控件漏洞检测改进模型。该系统从功能上分为五大模块进行设计和实现,并结合静态分析与动态分析技术检测WebActiveX控件模型的漏洞,给出"启发式规则"来优化测试数据生成引擎。实例测试结果表明,Web控件漏洞的Fuzzing测试模型是有效和可行的,并能妥善处理好交互性问题。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate